List of ecoregions in Australia

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Ecoregions in Australia are geographically distinct plant and animal communities, defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature based on geology, soils, climate, and predominant vegetation.

Contents

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) identified 825 terrestrial ecoregions that cover the Earth's land surface, 40 of which cover Australia and its dependent islands. The WWF ecoregions are classified by biome type (tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, tundra, etc.), and into one of eight terrestrial realms. Australia, together with New Zealand, New Guinea and neighboring island groups, is part of the Australasian realm. The IBRA bioregions informed the delineation of the WWF ecoregions for Australia, and the WWF ecoregions generally follow the same ecoregion boundaries, while often clustering two or more similar bioregions into a larger ecoregion. The ecoregion articles in Wikipedia generally follow the WWF scheme.

The WWF ecoregions are based heavily upon the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) regionalisation. Like the IBRA, it was developed for use as a planning tool for conservation science, with the goal of establishing a system of nature reserves in each of the ecoregions or bioregions sufficient to preserve biodiversity. Both systems also have a prioritization system for establishing preserves; the WWF designated its Global 200 ecoregions as priorities for conservation, and the Department of Environment and Heritage ranks its bioregions high, medium, or low priority, based on "the potential value land reservation in those regions would add to the development of a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system for Australia."

WWF terrestrial ecoregions

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Montane grasslands and shrublands

Tundra

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

Deserts and xeric shrublands

WWF terrestrial ecoregions and IBRA bioregions

This table shows which IBRA bioregions correspond to which WWF ecoregions. [1] [2]

IBRA 7 bioregionWWF ecoregion
Arnhem Coast (ARC) Arnhem Land tropical savanna
Arnhem Plateau (ARP) Arnhem Land tropical savanna
Australian Alps (AUA) Australian Alps montane grasslands
Avon Wheatbelt (AVW) Southwest Australia savanna
Brigalow Belt North (BBN ) Brigalow tropical savanna
Brigalow Belt South (BBS) Brigalow tropical savanna
Brigalow Belt South (BBS), southern portion Southeast Australia temperate savanna
Ben Lomond (BEL) Tasmanian temperate forests
Broken Hill Complex (BHC) Tirari-Sturt stony desert
Burt Plain (BRT) Central Ranges xeric scrub
Carnarvon (CAR) Carnarvon xeric shrublands
Central Arnhem (CEA) Arnhem Land tropical savanna
Central Kimberley (CEK) Kimberley tropical savanna
Central Ranges (CER) Central Ranges xeric scrub
Channel Country (CHC) Simpson desert
Central Mackay Coast (CMC) Queensland tropical rain forests
Coolgardie (COO) Coolgardie woodlands
Cobar Peneplain (COP) Southeast Australia temperate savanna
Coral Sea (COS)
Cape York Peninsula (CYP) Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna
Daly Basin (DAB) Kimberley tropical savanna
Darwin Coastal (DAC) Arnhem Land tropical savanna
Dampierland (DAL) Kimberley tropical savanna
Desert Uplands (DEU) Mitchell Grass Downs
Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR) Great Sandy-Tanami desert
Darling Riverine Plains (DRP) Southeast Australia temperate savanna
Einasleigh Uplands (EIU) Einasleigh Uplands savanna
Esperance Plains (ESP) Esperance mallee
Eyre Yorke Block (EYB) Eyre and York mallee
Finke (FIN) Central Ranges xeric scrub
Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), northern portion Tirari-Sturt stony desert
Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), southern portion Mount Lofty woodlands
Furneaux (FUR) Tasmanian temperate forests
Gascoyne (GAS) Western Australian mulga shrublands
Gawler (GAW) Tirari-Sturt stony desert
Geraldton Sandplains (GES) Southwest Australia savanna
Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU) Carpentaria tropical savanna
Gibson Desert (GID) Gibson desert
Great Sandy Desert (GSD) Great Sandy-Tanami desert
Gulf Coastal (GUC) Carpentaria tropical savanna
Gulf Plains (GUP) Carpentaria tropical savanna
Great Victoria Desert (GVD) Great Victoria desert
Hampton (HAM) Coolgardie woodlands
Indian Tropical Islands (ITI) Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests
Jarrah Forest (JAF) Southwest Australian woodlands
Kanmantoo (KAN) Mount Lofty woodlands
King (KIN) Tasmanian temperate rain forests
Little Sandy Desert (LSD) Great Sandy-Tanami desert
MacDonnell Ranges (MAC) Central Ranges xeric scrub
Mallee (MAL) Esperance mallee
Murray Darling Depression (MDD) Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee
Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD) Mitchell Grass Downs
Mount Isa Inlier (MII) Mitchell Grass Downs
Mulga Lands (MUL) Eastern Australian mulga shrublands
Murchison (MUR) Western Australian mulga shrublands
Nandewar (NAN) Eastern Australian temperate forests
Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP) Naracoorte woodlands
New England Tablelands (NET) Eastern Australian temperate forests
New South Wales North Coast (NNC) Eastern Australian temperate forests
Northern Kimberley (NOK) Kimberley tropical savanna
New South Wales South Western Slopes (NSS) Southeast Australia temperate forests
Nullarbor (NUL) Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands
Ord Victoria Plain (OVP) Victoria Plains tropical savanna
Pine Creek (PCK) Arnhem Land tropical savanna
Pilbara (PIL) Pilbara shrublands
Pacific Subtropical Islands (PSI) Lord Howe Island subtropical forests, Norfolk Island subtropical forests
Riverina (RIV) Southeast Australia temperate savanna
Subantarctic Islands (SAI) Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra
South East Coastal Plain (SCP) Southeast Australia temperate forests
South East Corner (SEC) Southeast Australia temperate forests
South Eastern Highlands (SEH) Southeast Australia temperate forests
South Eastern Queensland (SEQ) Eastern Australian temperate forests
Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD) Simpson Desert
Stony Plains (STP) Tirari-Sturt stony desert
Sturt Plateau (STU) Victoria Plains tropical savanna
Southern Volcanic Plain (SVP) Southeast Australia temperate forests
Swan Coastal Plain (SWA) Swan Coastal Plain scrub and woodlands
Sydney Basin (SYB) Eastern Australian temperate forests
Tanami (TAN) Great Sandy-Tanami desert
Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH) Tasmanian Central Highlands forests
Tiwi Cobourg (TIW) Arnhem Land tropical savanna
Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM) Tasmanian Central Highlands forests
Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS) Tasmanian temperate rain forests
Tasmanian South East (TSE) Tasmanian temperate forests
Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR) Tasmanian temperate rain forests
Tasmanian West (TWE) Tasmanian temperate rain forests
Victoria Bonaparte (VIB) Kimberley tropical savanna
Victorian Midlands (VIM) Southeast Australia temperate forests
Warren (WAR) Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands
Wet Tropics (WET) Queensland tropical rain forests
Yalgoo (YAL) Southwest Australia savanna

WWF freshwater ecoregions

The WWF published Freshwater Ecoregions of the World, a global map of freshwater ecoregions. The WWF team identified ten freshwater ecoregions for Australia and Tasmania. A major habitat type, or biome, was identified for each ecoregion. The four major habitat types present in Australia are tropical and subtropical coastal rivers, temperate coastal rivers, temperate floodplain rivers and wetlands, and xeric freshwaters and endorheic (closed) basins. The Australian freshwater ecoregions were adapted from the freshwater fish biogeographic provinces identified by Peter Unmack and G.R. Allen, S.H. Midgley, and M. Allen, who were also part of the WWF team. The freshwater fish provinces "were derived through similarity analyses, parsimony analysis, and drainage-based plots of species ranges". [3]

Tropical and subtropical coastal rivers

Temperate coastal rivers

Temperate floodplain rivers and wetlands

Xeric freshwaters and endorheic (closed) basins

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biome</span> Biogeographical unit with a particular biological community

A biome is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and animal life. It consists of a biological community that has formed in response to its physical environment and regional climate. Biomes may span more than one continent. A biome encompasses multiple ecosystems within its boundaries. It can also comprise a variety of habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ecoregion</span> Ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion

An ecoregion is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural communities and species. The biodiversity of flora, fauna and ecosystems that characterise an ecoregion tends to be distinct from that of other ecoregions. In theory, biodiversity or conservation ecoregions are relatively large areas of land or water where the probability of encountering different species and communities at any given point remains relatively constant, within an acceptable range of variation . Ecoregions are also known as "ecozones", although that term may also refer to biogeographic realms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nearctic realm</span> Biogeographic realm encompassing temperate North America

The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neotropical realm</span> One of Earths eight biogeographic realms

The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palearctic realm</span> Biogeographic realm covering most of Eurasia

The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa.

The Global 200 is the list of ecoregions identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the global conservation organization, as priorities for conservation. According to WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species dynamics, and environmental conditions". For example, based on their levels of endemism, Madagascar gets multiple listings, ancient Lake Baikal gets one, and the North American Great Lakes get none.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carnarvon xeric shrublands</span> Terrestrial ecoregion in Western Australia

The Carnarvon xeric shrublands is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of Western Australia. The ecoregion is coterminous with the Carnarvon Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) bioregion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southwest Australia</span> Biogeographic region of Western Australia

Southwest Australia is a biogeographic region in Western Australia. It includes the Mediterranean-climate area of southwestern Australia, which is home to a diverse and distinctive flora and fauna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hampton bioregion</span> Bioregion in Western Australia

Hampton is an interim Australian bioregion located in southeastern coastal Western Australia, with a small portion (4%) extending into adjacent South Australia. It has an area of 1,088,198 hectares. The Hampton bioregion is part of the Coolgardie woodlands ecoregion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coolgardie woodlands</span> Terrestrial ecoregion in Western Australia

The Coolgardie woodlands is an ecoregion in southern Western Australia. The predominant vegetation is woodlands and mallee scrub. The ecoregion is a transitional zone between the Mediterranean-climate forests, woodlands, and shrublands of Southwest Australia and the deserts and dry scrublands of the Australian interior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southwest Australia savanna</span> Terrestrial ecoregion in Western Australia

The Southwest Australia savanna is an ecoregion in Western Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Australian mulga shrublands</span> Terrestrial ecoregion in Western Australia

The Western Australian Mulga shrublands is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of inland Western Australia. It is one of Australia's two mulga ecoregions, characterized by dry woodlands of mulga trees interspersed with areas of grassland and scrub.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thorn forest</span> Area with dense, scrublike vegetation

A thorn forest is a dense scrubland with vegetation characteristic of dry subtropical and warm temperate areas with a seasonal rainfall averaging 250 to 500 mm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pilbara shrublands</span> Terrestrial ecoregion in Western Australia

The Pilbara shrublands is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion in Western Australia. It is coterminous with the Pilbara IBRA region. For other definitions and uses of "Pilbara region" see Pilbara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna</span> Region in Queensland, Australia

The Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna is a tropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in northern Australia. It occupies the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, mainland Australia's northernmost point. It is coterminous with the Cape York Peninsula, an interim Australian bioregion.

References

  1. "Australia's bioregions (IBRA)". Department of Agriculture, Water, and Environment, Australian Government. Accessed 27 May 2020.
  2. Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51(11):933-938.
  3. Robin Abell, Michele L. Thieme, et al. (2008). "Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation". BioScience, Volume 58, Issue 5, May 2008, Pages 403–414, https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507