This is a list of exoplanets observed during the Kepler space telescope's K2 mission.
On 31 March 2022, K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb was reported to be the most distant exoplanet found by Kepler to date. [1] [2]
Planet type | |
---|---|
Planet discovered prior to K2 mission | |
Additional non transiting planet discovered during radial velocity follow up | |
Potentially habitable planet | |
None of the above |
Planet | Discovery method | Mass (MJ) | Radius (RJ) | Density (g/cm3) | Equilibrium Temperature (K) | Orbital period (days) | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital eccentricity | Properties of the parent star | Year of discovery | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
App. mag. | Distance (ly) | Spectral type | Host star mass (M☉) | Host star temp. (K) | |||||||||||
Earth (for reference) | 0.00315 | 0.0892 | 5.515 | 255 | 365.2563 | 1 | 0.0167 | −26.74 | 0 | G2 V | 1 | 5772 | — | [3] | |
WASP-28b (K2-1b) | Transit | 0.907 | 1.213 | 0.676 | 1468 | 3.4088300 | 0.04469 | 12.03 | 1,300 | F8 | 1.021 | 6150 | 2014 | [4] | |
HIP 116454 b (K2-2b) | Transit | 0.037 | 0.226 | 4.17 | 690 | 9.1205 | 0.0906 | 0.205 | 10.190 | 180 | K1 | 1.021 | 6150 | 2014 | [5] |
K2-3b | Transit | 0.0255 | 0.194 | 4.5 | 463 | 10.05449 | 0.0769 | 12.17 | M0 V | 0.60 | 3896 | 2015 | [6] | ||
K2-3c | Transit | 0.0066 | 0.165 | 1.82 | 344 | 24.64354 | 0.1399 | 12.17 | M0 V | 0.60 | 3896 | 2015 | [7] | ||
K2-3d | Transit | 0.0236 | 0.135 | 11.7 | 282 | 44.55983 | 0.2076 | 0.045 | 12.17 | M0 V | 0.60 | 3896 | 2015 | [8] | |
K2-4b | Transit | 0.187 | 563 | 10.003417 | 0.078 | 14.907 | 0.63 | 4014 | 2015 | [9] | |||||
K2-5b | Transit | 0.170 | 565 | 5.73594 | 0.0532 | 14.91 | K7.5 V | 0.61 | 3930 | 2015 | [10] | ||||
K2-5c | Transit | 0.202 | 456 | 10.93241 | 0.0818 | 14.91 | K7.5 V | 0.61 | 3930 | 2015 | [11] | ||||
K2-6b | Transit | 0.223 | 615 | 30.94191 | 0.1898 | 12.654 | 0.970 | 5850 | 2015 | [12] | |||||
K2-7b | Transit | 0.238 | 651 | 28.67992 | 0.1814 | 13.213 | 0.970 | 5772 | 2015 | [13] | |||||
K2-8b | Transit | 0.319 | 631 | 10.35239 | 0.0856 | 14.61 | K3 V | 0.78 | 4870 | 2015 | [14] | ||||
K2-8c | Transit | 0.215 | 801 | 5.06416 | 0.0532 | 14.61 | K3 V | 0.78 | 4870 | 2015 | [15] | ||||
K2-9b | Transit | 0.201 | 314 | 18.4498 | 0.0910 | 15.63 | M2.5 V | 0.30 | 3390 | 2015 | [16] | ||||
K2-10b | Transit | 0.085 | 0.343 | 2.6 | 703 | 19.3044 | 0.1370 | 0.31 | 12.418 | 0.92 | 5620 | 2015 | [17] | ||
K2-11b | Transit | 0.6736 | 734 | 39.93767 | 0.2257 | 13.386 | 1.35 | 5433 | 2015 | [18] | |||||
K2-12b | Transit | 0.208 | 1003 | 8.28212 | 0.0802 | 12.258 | 1.01 | 5800 | 2015 | [19] | |||||
K2-13b | Transit | 0.169 | 511 | 39.91488 | 0.2114 | 12.901 | 0.80 | 5698 | 2015 | [20] | |||||
K2-14b | Transit | 0.429 | 488 | 8.36802 | 0.0627 | 0.14 | 16.310 | 0.47 | 3789 | 2015 | [21] | ||||
K2-15b | Transit | 0.221 | 676 | 11.81040 | 0.0910 | 14.663 | 0.72 | 5131 | 2015 | [22] | |||||
K2-16b | Transit | 0.180 | 658 | 7.61880 | 0.0667 | 14.67 | K3 V | 0.68 | 4742 | 2015 | [23] | ||||
K2-16c | Transit | 0.227 | 485 | 19.07863 | 0.1229 | 14.67 | K3 V | 0.68 | 4742 | 2015 | [24] | ||||
K2-17b | Transit | 0.199 | 487 | 17.96753 | 0.1190 | 13.519 | 0.71 | 4320 | 2015 | [25] | |||||
K2-18b | Transit | 0.0250 | 0.212 | 3.3 | 235 | 32.93963 | 0.143 | <0.43 | 13.496 | 110 | M2.5 V | 0.359 | 3457 | 2015 | [26] |
K2-18c | Radial velocity | 0.0236 | 363 | 8.962 | 0.060 | <0.47 | 13.496 | 110 | M2.5 V | 0.359 | 3457 | 2017 | [27] | ||
K2-19b | Transit | 0.0897 | 0.691 | 0.334 | 854 | 7.91940 | 0.0740 | 13.00 | G9 V | 0.93 | 5430 | 2015 | [28] | ||
K2-19c | Transit | 0.0805 | 0.434 | 1.18 | 745 | 11.90715 | 0.0971 | 13.00 | G9 V | 0.93 | 5430 | 2015 | [29] | ||
K2-19d | Transit | 0.102 | 1252 | 2.50856 | 0.0344 | 13.00 | G9 V | 0.93 | 5430 | 2016 | [30] | ||||
HAT-P-56b (K2-20b) | Transit | 2.18 | 1.466 | 0.86 | 1840 | 2.7908327 | 0.04230 | <0.246 | 10.908 | F8 | 1.296 | 6566 | 2015 | [31] | |
K2-21b | Transit | 0.164 | 500 | 9.325038 | 0.076 | 12.85 | M0.0 | 0.68 | 4222 | 2015 | [32] | ||||
K2-21c | Transit | 0.222 | 420 | 15.501920 | 0.107 | 12.85 | M0.0 | 0.68 | 4222 | 2015 | [33] | ||||
K2-22b | Transit | <1.4 | <0.22 | 2100 | 0.381078 | 0.0088 | 15.597 | M0 V | 0.60 | 3830 | 2015 | [34] | |||
WASP-47b (K2-23b) | Transit | 1.13 | 1.139 | 0.940 | 1275 | 4.1591409 | 0.051 | <0.026 | 11.986 | 200 | 1.11 | 5576 | 2012 | [35] | |
WASP-47c (K2-23c) | Radial velocity | ≥1.24 | 247 | 572 | 1.36 | 0.13 | 11.986 | 200 | 1.11 | 5576 | 2015 | [36] | |||
WASP-47d (K2-23d) | Transit | 0.0327 | 0.321 | 1.2 | 9.03079 | 0.0850 | 11.986 | 200 | 1.11 | 5576 | 2015 | [37] | |||
WASP-47e (K2-23e) | Transit | 0.0384 | 0.1621 | 11.2 | 0.789518 | 0.01673 | 11.986 | 200 | 1.11 | 5576 | 2015 | [38] | |||
K2-24b | Transit | 0.0661 | 0.507 | 0.63 | 709 | 20.88508 | 0.1542 | 11.07 | G9 V | 1.12 | 5743 | 2016 | [39] | ||
K2-24c | Transit | 0.0850 | 0.698 | 0.31 | 606 | 42.36342 | 0.2471 | 11.07 | G9 V | 1.12 | 5743 | 2016 | [40] | ||
K2-25b | Transit | 0.306 | 3.484552 | 15.881 | M4.5 | 0.294 | 3180 | 2015 | [41] | ||||||
K2-26b | Transit | 0.238 | 430 | 14.5665 | 0.09620 | 14.53 | M1.0 V | 0.56 | 3785 | 2016 | [42] | ||||
K2-27b | Transit | 0.0972 | 0.400 | 1.87 | 902 | 6.771315 | 0.06702 | 0.251 | 12.64 | 0.866 | 5248 | 2016 | [43] | ||
K2-28b | Transit | 0.207 | 568 | 2.260455 | 0.0214 | 16.061 | M4 | 0.257 | 3214 | 2016 | [44] | ||||
WASP-152b (K2-29b) | Transit | 0.73 | 1.19 | 0.53 | 1171 | 3.2588321 | 0.04217 | 0.066 | 12.526 | G7 V | 0.94 | 5358 | 2016 | [45] | |
K2-30b | Transit | 0.579 | 1.039 | 0.640 | 1092 | 4.098503 | 0.04839 | <0.08 | 13.530 | G6 V | 0.900 | 5425 | 2016 | [46] | |
K2-31b | Transit | 1.774 | 1.06 | 1.257850 | 0.0220 | 10.775 | G7 V | 0.91 | 5280 | 2016 | [47] | ||||
K2-32b | Transit | 0.0519 | 0.458 | 0.67 | 817 | 8.99213 | 0.08036 | 12.31 | G9 V | 0.856 | 5275 | 2016 | [48] | ||
K2-32c | Transit | <0.0381 | 0.269 | <2.7 | 619 | 20.6602 | 0.1399 | 12.31 | G9 V | 0.856 | 5275 | 2016 | [49] | ||
K2-32d | Transit | 0.0324 | 0.306 | 1.38 | 537 | 31.7154 | 0.1862 | 12.31 | G9 V | 0.856 | 5275 | 2016 | [50] | ||
K2-33b | Transit | <3.7 | 0.450 | 850 | 5.424865 | 0.0409 | 15.714 | M3.3 | 0.56 | 3540 | 2016 | [51] | |||
K2-34b | Transit | 1.773 | 1.44 | 0.800 | 1715 | 2.995610 | 0.0465 | <0.022 | 11.548 | F9 V | 0.640 | 6132 | 2016 | [52] | |
K2-35b | Transit | 0.172 | 979 | 5.608352 | 0.055 | 14.35 | K4 V | 0.70 | 4402 | 2016 | [53] | ||||
K2-35c | Transit | 0.118 | 2.399964 | 0.031 | 14.35 | K4 V | 0.70 | 4402 | 2016 | [54] | |||||
K2-36b | Transit | 0.118 | 1232 | 1.42266 | 0.0230 | 11.80 | K2 V | 0.80 | 4924 | 2016 | [55] | ||||
K2-36c | Transit | 0.250 | 793 | 5.34059 | 0.0555 | 11.80 | K2 V | 0.80 | 4924 | 2016 | [56] | ||||
K2-37b | Transit | 0.144 | 974 | 4.44117 | 0.0511 | 12.52 | G3 V | 0.90 | 5413 | 2016 | [57] | ||||
K2-37c | Transit | 0.245 | 861 | 6.42904 | 0.0654 | 12.52 | G3 V | 0.90 | 5413 | 2016 | [58] | ||||
K2-37d | Transit | 0.244 | 663 | 14.09189 | 0.1103 | 12.52 | G3 V | 0.90 | 5413 | 2016 | [59] | ||||
K2-38b | Transit | 0.0378 | 0.138 | 17.5 | 1184 | 4.01593 | 0.0506 | 11.39 | 631 | G2 V | 2.24 | 5757 | 2016 | [60] | |
K2-38c | Transit | 0.0311 | 0.216 | 3.6 | 858 | 10.56103 | 0.0964 | 11.39 | G2 V | 2.24 | 5757 | 2016 | [61] | ||
K2-39b | Transit | 0.125 | 0.509 | 1.17 | 1356 | 4.60497 | 0.0574 | 0.152 | 10.83 | 0.660 | 4881 | 2016 | [62] | ||
WASP-75b (K2-40b) | Transit | 1.07 | 1.270 | 0.69 | 2.484193 | 0.0375 | <0.056 | 11.45 | 260 | F9 | 1.14 | 6100 | 2013 | [63] | |
WASP-157b (K2-41b) | Transit | 0.576 | 0.998 | ~1190 | 3.951623 | 0.0499 | 0.0 | 12.9 | 1100 | G2 V | 1.06 | 5772 | 2016 | [64] | |
K2-42b | Transit | 0.192 | 6.68796 | 0.0617 | 1309 | 0.7 | 4613 | 2016 | [65] | ||||||
K2-43b | Transit | 0.402 | 3.471149 | 0,0.201 | 15.6 | 600 | K7 V | 0.57 | 3841 | 2016 | [66] | ||||
K2-43c | Transit | 0.216 | 2.198884 | 0.0148 | 15.6 | 600 | K7 V | 0.57 | 3841 | 2019 | [67] | ||||
K2-58b | Transit | 0.231 | 7.052475 | 0.0692 | 12.415 | 593 | K2 V | 0.857 | 5134 | 2016 | [68] | ||||
K2-58c | Transit | 0.0185 | 2.537071 | 0.0350 | 12.415 | 593 | K2 V | 0.857 | 5134 | 2016 | [69] | ||||
K2-58d | Transit | 0.0199 | 22.881590 | 0.1517 | 12.415 | 593 | K2 V | 0.857 | 5134 | 2016 | [70] | ||||
K2-80d | Transit | 0.228 | 28.8673 | 0.1778 | 658.7 | 2018 | |||||||||
K2-111b | Transit | 0.0271 | 0.17 | 680 | 0.89 | 5730 | 2017 | ||||||||
K2-111c | Radial velocity | 0.0356 | 15.6785 | 0.1166 | 680 | 0.89 | 5730 | 2020 | |||||||
K2-138b | Transit | 12.21 | 597 | K1 V | 0.93 | 5378 | 2018 | ||||||||
K2-138c | Transit | 12.21 | 597 | K1 V | 0.93 | 5378 | 2018 | ||||||||
K2-138d | Transit | 12.21 | 597 | K1 V | 0.93 | 5378 | 2018 | ||||||||
K2-138e | Transit | 12.21 | 597 | K1 V | 0.93 | 5378 | 2018 | ||||||||
K2-138f | Transit | 12.21 | 597 | K1 V | 0.93 | 5378 | 2018 | ||||||||
K2-138g | Transit | 0.249? | 41.97 | 12.21 | 597 | K1 V | 0.93 | 5378 | 2018 | ||||||
K2-141b | Transit | 2018 | |||||||||||||
HATS-36b (K2-145b) | Transit | 2.79 | 1.235 | 2.12 | 1356 | 4.17524 | 0.0529 | 14.386 | G0 V | 2017 | |||||
K2-146b | Transit | 2018 | |||||||||||||
K2-147b | Transit | 0.123 | 0.961917 | 0.0159 | 296.1 | 2018 | |||||||||
K2-148b | Transit | 674 | 2018 | ||||||||||||
K2-155d | Transit | 0.015 | 0.146 | 289 | 40.6835 | 0.1937 | low | 200 | 2018 | ||||||
K2-187b | Transit | 0.773981 | 0.016322 | 12.864 | 1090 | G | 0.966999 | 5477 | 2018 | ||||||
K2-187c | Transit | 2.871788 | 0.0391185 | 12.864 | 1090 | G | 0.966999 | 5477 | 2018 | ||||||
K2-187d | Transit | 7.149079 | 0.0718533 | 12.864 | 1090 | G | 0.966999 | 5477 | 2018 | ||||||
K2-187e | Transit | 13.608341 | 0.11036 | 12.864 | 1090 | G | 0.966999 | 5477 | 2018 | ||||||
K2-229b | Transit | 2018 | |||||||||||||
K2-236b | Transit | 2017 | |||||||||||||
K2-239b | Transit | 14.549 | 101.5 | M3 V | 0.4 | 3420 | 2018 | ||||||||
K2-239c | Transit | 0.0028 | 0.089 | 427 | 7.775 | 0.0576 | 14.549 | 101.5 | M3 V | 0.4 | 3420 | 2018 | |||
K2-239d | Transit | 399 | 14.549 | 101.5 | M3 V | 0.4 | 3420 | 2018 | |||||||
K2-288Bb | Transit | 0.17 | 226.36 | 31.393463 | 0.164 | 0.33 | 2019 | ||||||||
K2-315b | Transit | 0.085 | 460 | 3.1443189 | 0.0234 | 17.67 | 185 | M3.5 V | 0.174 | 3300 | 2020 | [71] |
These are lists of planets. A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor its remnant. The best available theory of planet formation is the nebular hypothesis, which posits that an interstellar cloud collapses out of a nebula to create a young protostar orbited by a protoplanetary disk. There are eight planets within the Solar System; planets outside of the solar system are also known as exoplanets.
The Kepler space telescope is a defunct space telescope launched by NASA in 2009 to discover Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars. Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler, the spacecraft was launched into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit. The principal investigator was William J. Borucki. After nine and a half years of operation, the telescope's reaction control system fuel was depleted, and NASA announced its retirement on October 30, 2018.
Kepler-5 is a star located in the constellation Cygnus in the field of view of the Kepler Mission, a NASA project aimed at detecting planets in transit of, or passing in front of, their host stars as seen from Earth. One closely-orbiting, Jupiter-like planet, named Kepler-5b, has been detected around Kepler-5. Kepler-5's planet was one of the first five planets to be discovered by the Kepler spacecraft; its discovery was announced on January 4, 2010 at the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society after being verified by a variety of observatories. Kepler-5 is larger and more massive than the Sun, but has a similar metallicity, a major factor in planet formation.
Kepler-9b is one of the first planets discovered outside the solar system (exoplanets) by NASA's Kepler Mission. It revolves around the star Kepler-9 within the constellation Lyra. Kepler-9b is the largest of three planets detected in the Kepler system by transit method; its mass is roughly half that of the planet Saturn, and it is the largest planet in its system. Kepler-9b and Kepler-9c display a phenomenon called orbital resonance, in which gravitational pull from each planet alters and stabilizes the orbit of the other. The planet's discovery was announced on August 26, 2010.
An exoplanet is a planet located outside the Solar System. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the first detection of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star 51 Pegasi. Some exoplanets have been imaged directly by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the transit method and the radial-velocity method. As of 1 April 2024, there are 5,653 confirmed exoplanets in 4,161 planetary systems, with 896 systems having more than one planet. This is a list of the most notable discoveries.
Kepler-10, formerly known as KOI-72, is a Sun-like star in the constellation of Draco that lies 607 light-years from Earth. Kepler-10 was targeted by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, as it was seen as the first star identified by the Kepler mission that could be a possible host to a small, transiting exoplanet. The star is slightly less massive, slightly larger, and slightly cooler than the Sun; at an estimated 11.9 billion years in age, Kepler-10 is 2.3 times the age of the Sun.
A Kepler object of interest (KOI) is a star observed by the Kepler space telescope that is suspected of hosting one or more transiting planets. KOIs come from a master list of 150,000 stars, which itself is generated from the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). A KOI shows a periodic dimming, indicative of an unseen planet passing between the star and Earth, eclipsing part of the star. However, such an observed dimming is not a guarantee of a transiting planet, because other astronomical objects—such as an eclipsing binary in the background—can mimic a transit signal. For this reason, the majority of KOIs are as yet not confirmed transiting planet systems.
Planet Hunters is a citizen science project to find exoplanets using human eyes. It does this by having users analyze data from the NASA Kepler space telescope and the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It was launched by a team led by Debra Fischer at Yale University, as part of the Zooniverse project.
BD+ 20° 594b is a massive exoplanet discovered by the Kepler spacecraft in collaboration with the HARPS spectrometer at La Silla in Chile.
K2-33b is a very young super-Neptune exoplanet, orbiting the pre-main-sequence star K2-33. It was discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft on its "Second Light" mission. It is located about 456 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Scorpius. The exoplanet was found by using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured.
The exoplanet naming convention is an extension of the system used for naming multiple-star systems as adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). For exoplanets orbiting a single star, the name is normally formed by taking the name of its parent star and adding a lowercase letter. A provisional IAU-sanctioned standard exists to accommodate the naming of planets that orbit two stars, which are known as circumbinary planets. A limited number of exoplanets have IAU-sanctioned proper names. Other naming systems exist.
K2-236b is a Neptune-like exoplanet that orbits an F-type star. It is also called EPIC 211945201 b. Its mass is 27 Earths, it takes 19.5 days to complete one orbit of its star, and is 0.148 AU from its star. Its discovery was announced in 2018. This was the first exoplanet discovered by scientists based in India. The discoverers were Abhijit Chakraborty (PRL), Arpita Roy (Caltech), Rishikesh Sharma (PRL), Suvrath Mahadevan, Priyanka Chaturvedi, Neelam J.S.S.V Prasad (PRL), and B. G. Anandarao (PRL).
K2-66b is a confirmed mega-Earth orbiting the subgiant K2-66, about 520 parsecs (1,700 ly) from Earth in the direction of Aquarius. It is an extremely hot and dense planet heavier than Neptune, but with only about half its radius.
Kepler-1658b is a hot Jupiter, a type of gas giant exoplanet, that orbits an F-type star called Kepler 1658, located about 2629 light-years away from the Solar System. It is the first planet identified by the Kepler space telescope after its launch in 2009, but later ruled out as false alarm since its transit could not be confirmed. A study published in 2019 established it as a planet, describing it as "the closest known planet in terms of orbital period to an evolved star." Analysis of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data in 2022 showed that it is gradually spiraling into its star.