List of governors of Massachusetts

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The governor of Massachusetts is the head of government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces.

Contents

Since 1780, 65 people have been elected governor, six to non-consecutive terms (John Hancock, Caleb Strong, Marcus Morton, John Davis, John Volpe, and Michael Dukakis), and seven lieutenant governors have acted as governor without subsequently being elected governor. Thomas Talbot served a stint as acting governor, but was elected governor several years later. Prior to 1918 constitutional reforms, both the governor's office and that of lieutenant governor were vacant on one occasion, when the state was governed by the Governor's Council.

List of governors

Colonial Massachusetts

The colonial history of Massachusetts begins with the founding first of the Plymouth Colony in 1620, and then the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628. The Dominion of New England combined these and other New England colonies into a single unit in 1686, but collapsed in 1689. In 1692 the Province of Massachusetts Bay was established, merging Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, which then included the territory of present-day Maine.

Colonial governors of Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colony were elected annually by a limited subset of the male population (known as freemen), while Dominion officials and those of the 1692 province were appointed by the British crown. In 1774 General Thomas Gage became the last royally appointed governor of Massachusetts. He was recalled to England after the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775, by which time the Massachusetts Provincial Congress exercised de facto control of Massachusetts territory outside British-occupied Boston. Between 1775 and the establishment of the Massachusetts State Constitution in 1780 the state was governed by the provincial congress and an executive council.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1780–present

The constitution of Massachusetts created the offices of governor [1] and lieutenant governor, [2] to be elected annually. [3] Terms were lengthened to two years in 1918, to last until their successor was inaugurated, which would be at least the first Wednesday in the January after their election. [4] This was changed to the Thursday following the first Wednesday in the January after the election in 1950, [5] and terms were lengthened to four years in 1966. [6]

Governors of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElection Lt. Governor [a]
1 John Hancock 1770-crop.jpg   John Hancock
(1737–1793)
[7] [8] 		October 25, 1780 [9] [10]
–
February 18, 1785
(resigned) [b] 		None [14] 1780   Thomas Cushing
1781
1782
1783
1784
— Thomas Cushing, Member of Continental Congress.jpg Thomas Cushing
(1725–1788)
[15] 		February 18, 1785 [9]
–
May 27, 1785
(lost election)		None [14] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
2 James Bowdoin II by Feke full length.jpg James Bowdoin
(1726–1790)
[16] 		May 27, 1785 [9]
–
June 1, 1787
(lost election)		None [14] 1785 Thomas Cushing
1786
3 John Hancock 1770-crop.jpg John Hancock
(1737–1793)
[7] [8] 		June 1, 1787 [c]
–
October 8, 1793
(died in office)		None [14] 1787
1788 Benjamin Lincoln
1789 Samuel Adams
1790
1791
1792
1793
4 Samuel Adams by John Singleton Copley.jpg Samuel Adams
(1722–1803)
[17] [18] 		October 8, 1793 [9]
–
June 2, 1797
(did not run)		None [14] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
Democratic-
Republican [14] 		1794 Moses Gill [d]
1795
1796
5 IncreaseSumnerBySharples.jpg Increase Sumner
(1746–1799)
[19] [20] 		June 2, 1797 [9]
–
June 7, 1799
(died in office)		 Federalist [14] 1797
1798
1799
— John Singleton Copley - Portrait of Govenor Moses Gill - 07.117 - Rhode Island School of Design Museum.jpg Moses Gill
(1733–1800)
[21] 		June 7, 1799 [9]
–
May 20, 1800
(died in office)		 Federalist [22] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
— Seal of Massachusetts.svg Governor's Council
chaired by Thomas Dawes
[23] 		May 20, 1800 [9]
–
May 30, 1800		—Governor's
Council
acting		Vacant
6 Portrait of Caleb Strong (1745-1819) (frame cropped).jpg Caleb Strong
(1745–1819)
[24] [25] 		May 30, 1800 [9] [26]
–
May 29, 1807
(lost election)		 Federalist [14] 1800
1801 Samuel Phillips Jr.
1802 Edward Robbins [e]
1803
1804
1805
1806
7 James Sullivan.jpg James Sullivan
(1744–1808)
[27] [28] 		May 29, 1807 [9] [29]
–
December 10, 1808
(died in office)		 Democratic-
Republican [14] 		1807 Levi Lincoln Sr.
1808
— Levi Lincoln Sr.jpg Levi Lincoln Sr.
(1749–1820)
[30] [31] 		December 10, 1808 [9]
–
June 3, 1809
(lost election)		 Democratic-
Republican [22] 		Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
8 ChristopherGoreByTrumbull.jpg Christopher Gore
(1758–1827)
[32] [33] 		June 3, 1809 [9] [34]
–
June 2, 1810
(lost election)		 Federalist [14] 1809 David Cobb
9 Nathaniel Jocelyn - Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814) - 1943.1816 - Harvard Art Museums.jpg Elbridge Gerry
(1744–1814)
[35] [36] 		June 2, 1810 [37]
–
May 30, 1812
(lost election)		 Democratic-
Republican [14] 		1810 William Gray
1811
10 Portrait of Caleb Strong (1745-1819) (frame cropped).jpg Caleb Strong
(1745–1819)
[24] [25] 		May 30, 1812 [9] [38]
–
June 1, 1816
(did not run) [24] 		Federalist [14] 1812 William Phillips Jr. [e]
1813
1814
1815
11 Gilbert Stuart, Govenor John Brooks, c. 1820, HAA.jpg John Brooks
(1752–1825)
[39] [40] 		June 1, 1816 [41]
–
May 30, 1823
(did not run) [39] 		Federalist [14] 1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
12 William Eustis.jpg William Eustis
(1753–1825)
[42] [43] 		May 30, 1823 [44]
–
February 6, 1825
(died in office)		 Democratic-
Republican [45] 		1823 Marcus Morton
1824
— Marcus Morton.jpg Marcus Morton
(1784–1864)
[46] [47] 		February 6, 1825 [48]
–
May 27, 1825
(successor took office)		 Democratic-
Republican [22] 		Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
13 LLincolnJr.jpg Levi Lincoln Jr.
(1782–1868)
[49] [50] 		May 27, 1825 [51]
–
January 21, 1834
(did not run) [49] 		Democratic-
Republican [45] 		1825 Thomas L. Winthrop [e]
1826
1827
1828
National
Republican [45] 		1829
1830
Apr. 1831
Nov. 1831
1832
14 John Davis (Massachusetts Governor).jpg John Davis
(1787–1854)
[52] [53] 		January 21, 1834 [54]
–
March 3, 1835
(resigned) [f] 		National
Republican [45] 		1833 Samuel Turell Armstrong [g]
Whig [45] 1834
— Samuel Turell Armstrong.png Samuel Turell Armstrong
(1784–1850)
[55] [56] 		March 3, 1835 [57]
–
January 13, 1836
(lost election) [h] 		Whig [22] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
15 Edward Everett.jpg Edward Everett
(1794–1865)
[58] [59] 		January 13, 1836 [60]
–
January 18, 1840
(lost election)		 Whig [45] 1835 George Hull [g]
1836
1837
1838
16 Marcus Morton.jpg Marcus Morton
(1784–1864)
[46] [47] 		January 18, 1840 [61]
–
January 9, 1841
(lost election)		 Democratic [45] 1839
17 John Davis (Massachusetts Governor).jpg John Davis
(1787–1854)
[52] [53] 		January 9, 1841 [62]
–
January 18, 1843
(lost election)		 Whig [45] 1840
1841
18 Marcus Morton.jpg Marcus Morton
(1784–1864)
[46] [47] 		January 18, 1843 [63]
–
January 9, 1844
(lost election)		 Democratic [45] 1842 Henry H. Childs
19 George Nixon Briggs.jpg George N. Briggs
(1796–1861)
[64] [65] 		January 9, 1844 [66]
–
January 13, 1851
(lost election)		 Whig [45] 1843 Henry W. Cushman
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
20 George Boutwell, Brady-Handy photo portrait, ca1870-1880.jpg George S. Boutwell
(1818–1905)
[67] [68] 		January 13, 1851 [69]
–
January 14, 1853
(did not run) [67] 		Democratic [45] 1850
1851
21 JohnCliffordByBenoni.jpg John H. Clifford
(1809–1876)
[70] [71] 		January 14, 1853 [72]
–
January 12, 1854
(did not run) [70] 		Whig [45] 1852 William C. Plunkett
22 EmoryWashburn.jpg Emory Washburn
(1800–1877)
[73] [74] 		January 12, 1854 [75]
–
January 9, 1855
(lost election)		 Whig [45] 1853
23 GovHenryJGardner.jpg Henry Gardner
(1819–1892)
[76] [77] 		January 9, 1855 [78]
–
January 2, 1858
(lost election)		 Know Nothing [45] 1854 Simon Brown
1855 Henry Wetherby Benchley [i]
1856
24 Nathaniel Prentice Banks.jpg Nathaniel P. Banks
(1816–1894)
[79] [80] 		January 2, 1858 [81]
–
January 2, 1861
(did not run) [79] 		Republican [45] 1857 Eliphalet Trask
1858
1859
25 Houghton MS Am 1084 (59) - Andrew - edit.jpg John Albion Andrew
(1818–1867)
[82] [83] 		January 2, 1861 [84]
–
January 6, 1866
(did not run) [82] 		Republican [45] 1860 John Z. Goodrich
1861 John Nesmith
1862 Joel Hayden
1863
1864
26 Alexander H. Bullock.png Alexander Bullock
(1816–1882)
[85] [86] 		January 6, 1866 [87]
–
January 9, 1869
(did not run) [85] 		Republican [88] 1865 William Claflin
1866
1867
27 William Claflin - Brady-Handy.jpg William Claflin
(1818–1905)
[89] [90] 		January 9, 1869 [91]
–
January 5, 1872
(did not run) [89] 		Republican [88] 1868 Joseph Tucker
1869
1870
28 William B. Washburn - Brady-Handy.jpg William B. Washburn
(1820–1887)
[92] [93] 		January 5, 1872 [94]
–
April 30, 1874
(resigned) [j] 		Republican [88] 1871
1872 Thomas Talbot
1873
— GovThomasTalbot.jpg Thomas Talbot
(1818–1885)
[95] [96] 		April 30, 1874 [97]
–
January 7, 1875
(lost election)		 Republican [98] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
29 GovWilliamGaston.jpg William Gaston
(1820–1894)
[99] [100] 		January 7, 1875 [101]
–
January 6, 1876
(lost election)		 Democratic [88] 1874 Horatio G. Knight [i]
30 AHRice.jpg Alexander H. Rice
(1818–1895)
[102] [103] 		January 6, 1876 [104]
–
January 2, 1879
(did not run) [102] 		Republican [88] 1875
1876
1877
31 GovThomasTalbot.jpg Thomas Talbot
(1818–1885)
[95] [96] 		January 2, 1879 [105]
–
January 8, 1880
(did not run) [95] 		Republican [88] 1878 John Davis Long
32 JDLong.jpg John Davis Long
(1838–1915)
[106] [107] 		January 8, 1880 [108]
–
January 4, 1883
(did not run) [106] 		Republican [88] 1879 Byron Weston
1880
1881
33 BenFrankButler.jpg Benjamin Butler
(1818–1893)
[109] [110] 		January 4, 1883 [111]
–
January 3, 1884
(lost election)		 Democratic [88] 1882 Oliver Ames [i]
34 GovGeorgeDRobinson.jpg George D. Robinson
(1834–1896)
[112] [113] 		January 3, 1884 [114]
–
January 6, 1887
(did not run) [112] 		Republican [88] 1883
1884
1885
35 Oliver Ames 1831-1895.jpg Oliver Ames
(1831–1895)
[115] [116] 		January 6, 1887 [117]
–
January 2, 1890
(did not run) [115] 		Republican [88] 1886 John Q. A. Brackett
1887
1888
36 JohnQABrackett.jpg John Q. A. Brackett
(1842–1918)
[118] [119] 		January 2, 1890 [120]
–
January 8, 1891
(lost election)		 Republican [88] 1889 William H. Haile [i]
37 GovWilliamERussell.jpg William E. Russell
(1857–1896)
[121] [122] 		January 8, 1891 [123]
–
January 4, 1894
(did not run) [121] 		Democratic [88] 1890
1891
1892 Roger Wolcott [i]
38 Frederick T. Greenhalge.jpg Frederic T. Greenhalge
(1842–1896)
[124] [125] 		January 4, 1894 [126]
–
March 5, 1896
(died in office)		 Republican [88] 1893
1894
1895
39 Roger Wolcott by Frederic Porter Vinton.jpg Roger Wolcott
(1847–1900)
[127] [128] 		March 5, 1896 [129]
–
January 4, 1900
(did not run) [127] 		Republican [88] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
1896 Winthrop M. Crane
1897
1898
40 Winthrop Murray Crane.jpg Winthrop M. Crane
(1853–1920)
[130] [131] 		January 4, 1900 [132]
–
January 8, 1903
(did not run) [130] 		Republican [88] 1899 John L. Bates
1900
1901
41 GovJohnLBates.jpg John L. Bates
(1859–1946)
[133] [134] 		January 8, 1903 [135]
–
January 5, 1905
(lost election)		 Republican [88] 1902 Curtis Guild Jr. [i]
1903
42 WilliamLewisDouglas.jpg William Lewis Douglas
(1845–1924)
[136] [137] 		January 5, 1905 [138]
–
January 4, 1906
(did not run) [136] 		Democratic [88] 1904
43 Curtis Guild Jr.jpg Curtis Guild Jr.
(1860–1915)
[139] [140] 		January 4, 1906 [141]
–
January 7, 1909
(did not run) [139] 		Republican [88] 1905 Eben Sumner Draper
1906
1907
44 Ebenezer Sumner Draper crop.jpg Eben Sumner Draper
(1858–1914)
[142] [143] 		January 7, 1909 [144]
–
January 5, 1911
(lost election)		 Republican [145] 1908 Louis A. Frothingham [i]
1909
45 Governor Foss.png Eugene Foss
(1858–1939)
[146] [147] 		January 5, 1911 [148]
–
January 8, 1914
(lost election)		 Democratic [145] 1910
1911 Robert Luce [i]
1912 David I. Walsh
46 David I. Walsh (MA).jpg David I. Walsh
(1872–1947)
[149] [150] 		January 8, 1914 [151]
–
January 6, 1916
(lost election)		 Democratic [145] 1913 Edward P. Barry
1914 Grafton D. Cushing [i]
47 SamuelMcCall.jpg Samuel W. McCall
(1851–1923)
[152] [153] 		January 6, 1916 [154]
–
January 2, 1919
(did not run) [152] 		Republican [145] 1915 Calvin Coolidge
1916
1917
48 John Calvin Coolidge, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg Calvin Coolidge
(1872–1933)
[155] [156] 		January 2, 1919 [157]
–
January 6, 1921
(did not run) [k] 		Republican [145] 1918 Channing H. Cox
1919
49 Channing H Cox.png Channing H. Cox
(1879–1968)
[158] [159] 		January 6, 1921 [160]
–
January 8, 1925
(did not run)		 Republican [145] 1920 Alvan T. Fuller
1922
50 Alvin T Fuller.png Alvan T. Fuller
(1878–1958)
[161] [162] 		January 8, 1925 [163]
–
January 3, 1929
(did not run)		 Republican [145] 1924 Frank G. Allen
1926
51 Frank G Allen.png Frank G. Allen
(1874–1950)
[164] [165] 		January 3, 1929 [166]
–
January 8, 1931
(lost election)		 Republican [145] 1928 William S. Youngman [i]
52 Joseph B. Ely (MA).png Joseph B. Ely
(1881–1956)
[167] [168] 		January 8, 1931 [169]
–
January 3, 1935
(did not run) [167] 		Democratic [145] 1930
1932 Gaspar G. Bacon [i]
53 James Michael Curley official gubernatorial portrait photograph, 1935.jpeg James Michael Curley
(1874–1958)
[170] [171] 		January 3, 1935 [172]
–
January 7, 1937
(did not run) [l] 		Democratic [145] 1934 Joseph L. Hurley
54 Charles F. Hurley official portrait photograph, 1937.jpeg Charles F. Hurley
(1893–1946)
[173] [174] 		January 7, 1937 [175]
–
January 5, 1939
(lost nomination)		 Democratic [145] 1936 Francis E. Kelly
55 Leverett Saltonstall (MA).jpg Leverett Saltonstall
(1892–1979)
[176] [177] 		January 5, 1939 [178]
–
January 4, 1945
(did not run) [m] 		Republican [145] 1938 Horace T. Cahill
1940
1942
56 Maurice J. Tobin gubernatorial portrait photograph, 1945.jpeg Maurice J. Tobin
(1901–1953)
[179] [180] 		January 4, 1945 [181]
–
January 2, 1947
(lost election)		 Democratic [145] 1944 Robert F. Bradford [i]
57 Robert F. Bradford (Massachusetts Governor).jpg Robert F. Bradford
(1902–1983)
[182] [183] 		January 2, 1947 [184]
–
January 6, 1949
(lost election)		 Republican [145] 1946 Arthur W. Coolidge
58 PaulADever.jpg Paul A. Dever
(1903–1958)
[185] [186] 		January 6, 1949 [187]
–
January 8, 1953
(lost election)		 Democratic [145] 1948 Charles F. Sullivan
1950
59 Christian Archibald Herter (politician).jpg Christian Herter
(1895–1966)
[188] [189] 		January 8, 1953 [190]
–
January 3, 1957
(did not run) [188] 		Republican [145] 1952 Sumner G. Whittier
1954
60 Foster Furcolo, 60th Governor of Massachusetts.jpg Foster Furcolo
(1911–1995)
[191] [192] 		January 3, 1957 [193]
–
January 5, 1961
(did not run) [n] 		Democratic [145] 1956 Robert F. Murphy
1958
Vacant
61 John Volpe (1970).jpg John A. Volpe
(1908–1994)
[194] [195] 		January 5, 1961 [196]
–
January 3, 1963
(lost election)		 Republican [145] 1960 Edward F. McLaughlin Jr. [o]
62 Endicott Peabody (MA).png Endicott Peabody
(1920–1997)
[197] [198] 		January 3, 1963 [199]
–
January 7, 1965
(lost nomination)		 Democratic [145] 1962 Francis Bellotti
63 John Volpe (1970).jpg John A. Volpe
(1908–1994)
[194] [195] 		January 7, 1965 [200]
–
January 22, 1969
(resigned) [p] 		Republican [145] 1964 Elliot Richardson
1966 Francis Sargent
64 Governor Francis Sargent (cropped).jpg Francis Sargent
(1915–1998)
[201] [202] 		January 22, 1969 [203]
–
January 2, 1975
(lost election)		 Republican [145] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
1970 Donald Dwight
65 Michael Dukakis gubernatorial portrait photograph, 1975.jpeg Michael Dukakis
(b. 1933)
[204] [205] 		January 2, 1975 [206]
–
January 4, 1979
(lost nomination)		 Democratic [145] 1974 Thomas P. O'Neill III
66 Edward J. King.png Edward J. King
(1925–2006)		January 4, 1979 [207]
–
January 6, 1983
(lost nomination)		 Democratic [145] 1978
67 Michael Dukakis gubernatorial portrait photograph, 1983.jpeg Michael Dukakis
(b. 1933)
[204] [205] 		January 6, 1983 [208]
–
January 3, 1991
(did not run)		 Democratic [205] 1982 John Kerry
Vacant
1986 Evelyn Murphy
68 William F. Weld (MA).jpg Bill Weld
(b. 1945)
[209] 		January 3, 1991 [210]
–
July 29, 1997
(resigned) [q] 		Republican [209] 1990 Paul Cellucci
1994
69 Paul Cellucci gubernatorial photo.jpg Paul Cellucci
(1948–2013)
[211] 		July 29, 1997 [212]
–
April 10, 2001
(resigned) [r] 		Republican [211] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
1998 Jane Swift
— Jane Swift gubernatorial photo.jpg Jane Swift
(b. 1965)
[213] 		April 10, 2001 [214]
–
January 2, 2003
(did not run)		 Republican [213] Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
70 Mitt Romney's official gubernatorial portrait (cropped).jpg Mitt Romney
(b. 1947)
[215] 		January 2, 2003 [216]
–
January 4, 2007
(did not run)		 Republican [215] 2002 Kerry Healey
71 Deval Patrick official photo.jpg Deval Patrick
(b. 1956)
[217] 		January 4, 2007 [218]
–
January 8, 2015
(did not run)		 Democratic [217] 2006 Tim Murray
2010
Vacant
72 Charlie Baker official photo (cropped).jpg Charlie Baker
(b. 1956)
[219] 		January 8, 2015 [220]
–
January 5, 2023
(did not run)		 Republican [219] 2014 Karyn Polito
2018
73 Maura Healey, official portrait, governor (cropped).jpg Maura Healey
(b. 1971)
[221] 		January 5, 2023 [222]
–
Incumbent [s] 		Democratic [221] 2022 Kim Driscoll

Notes

  1. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  2. ↑ Hancock resigned abruptly in a "winter of increasing economic distress, political controversy, and social discord", [11] and was suffering ill health, particularly gout. [12] He announced his intention to resign on January 29, and left office on February 18. [13]
  3. ↑ Modern sources say Hancock took office on May 30, [7] but a contemporary source says it was June 1. [9]
  4. ↑ Represented the Federalist Party
  5. 1 2 3 Represented the Democratic-Republican Party
  6. ↑ Davis resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate. [52]
  7. 1 2 Represented the Whig Party
  8. ↑ Armstrong either did not receive or did not expect the Whig nomination, and so ran as an independent. [55]
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Represented the Republican Party
  10. ↑ Washburn resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate. [92]
  11. ↑ Coolidge was instead elected Vice President of the United States. [155]
  12. ↑ Curley instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate. [170]
  13. ↑ Saltonstall was instead elected to the United States Senate. [176]
  14. ↑ Furcolo instead ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to the United States Senate. [191]
  15. ↑ Represented the Democratic Party
  16. ↑ Volpe resigned, having been confirmed as United States Secretary of Transportation. [194]
  17. ↑ Weld resigned when nominated to be United States Ambassador to Mexico, but was not confirmed. [209]
  18. ↑ Cellucci resigned, having been confirmed as United States Ambassador to Canada. [211]
  19. ↑ Healey's term will expire on January 7, 2027.

References

  1. ↑ MA Const. chp II, § 1, art. I
  2. ↑ MA Const. chp II, § 2, art. I
  3. ↑ MA Const. chp II, § 1, art. II
  4. ↑ MA Const. amendment LXIV
  5. ↑ MA Const. amendment LXXX
  6. ↑ MA Const. amendment LXXXII
  7. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, pp. 689–690.
  8. 1 2 "John Hancock". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Burdick, William (1814). The Massachusetts Manual, Or, Political and Historical Register. C. Callender. p. 27.
  10. ↑ "John Hancock". Massachusetts Historical Society . Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  11. ↑ "Cotton Tufts to Abigail Adams, 11 April 1785", Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/04-06-02-0028. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Adams Family Correspondence, vol. 6, December 1784 – December 1785, ed. Richard Alan Ryerson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993, pp. 81–82.] Accessed March 6, 2023
  12. ↑ "John Hancock". History. November 9, 2009. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  13. ↑ "James Warren to John Adams, 28 January 1785", Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-16-02-0295. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Papers of John Adams, vol. 16, February 1784–March 1785, ed. Gregg L. Lint, C. James Taylor, Robert Karachuk, Hobson Woodward, Margaret A. Hogan, Sara B. Sikes, Sara Martin, Sara Georgini, Amanda A. Mathews, and James T. Connolly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012, pp. 498–500.] Accessed March 8, 2023
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Glashan 1979, p. 140.
  15. ↑ United States Congress. "Thomas Cushing (id: C001017)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress .
  16. ↑ "Bowdoin, James II". Maine: An Encyclopedia. September 28, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  17. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 690–691.
  18. ↑ "Samuel Adams". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  19. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 691–692.
  20. ↑ "Increase Sumner". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  21. ↑ "To George Washington from Moses Gill, 15 May 1793", Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-12-02-0460. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, vol. 12, 16 January 1793 – 31 May 1793, ed. Christine Sternberg Patrick and John C. Pinheiro. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005, pp. 576–577.] Accessed March 7, 2023
  22. 1 2 3 4 Glashan 1979, p. 136.
  23. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 692.
  24. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, pp. 692–693.
  25. 1 2 "Caleb Strong". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  26. ↑ "none". The Recorder. 1800-06-07. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-08. The Committee appointed to wait on the Governor elect, reported that he would wait upon the Legislature in the Representative's Chamber, tomorrow at 12 o'clock, to be qualified.
  27. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 693–694.
  28. ↑ "James Sullivan". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  29. ↑ "Legislature of Massachusetts". The Pittsfield Sun. 1807-06-06. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  30. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 694.
  31. ↑ "Levi Lincoln Sr". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  32. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 695.
  33. ↑ "Christopher Gore". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  34. ↑ "none". The Pittsfield Sun. 1809-06-10. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08. ... when His Excellency Christopher Gore, Esq. and His Honor David Cobb, Esq. Governor and Lt. Governor Elect, came in, and took and subscribed the Oaths and declarations made necessary by the Constitution of this Commonwealth to qualify them for exercising the Offices to which they have been elected.
  35. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 695–696.
  36. ↑ "Elbridge Gerry". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  37. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". The Recorder. 1810-06-12. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  38. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". The Recorder. 1812-06-09. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  39. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 696–697.
  40. ↑ "John Brooks". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  41. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". The Recorder. 1816-06-11. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  42. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 697–698.
  43. ↑ "William Eustis". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  44. ↑ "Legislature of Massachusetts". The Pittsfield Sun. 1823-06-05. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Glashan 1979, p. 142.
  46. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, pp. 698–699.
  47. 1 2 3 "Marcus Morton". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  48. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". The Pittsfield Sun. Pittsfield, Massachusetts. 1825-02-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  49. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 699.
  50. ↑ "Levi Lincoln Jr". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  51. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". New England Farmer. 1825-06-03. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  52. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, p. 700.
  53. 1 2 "John Davis". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  54. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Post. 1834-01-22. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  55. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 700–701.
  56. ↑ "Samuel Turell Armstrong". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  57. ↑ "A Proclamation". The Pittsfield Sun. Pittsfield, Massachusetts. 1835-03-19. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  58. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 701–702.
  59. ↑ "Edward Everett". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  60. ↑ "State Legislature". Fall River Monitor. 1836-01-16. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  61. ↑ "The Ceremony". The Pittsfield Sun. 1840-01-23. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  62. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". The Recorder. 1841-01-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  63. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". The Recorder. 1843-01-24. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  64. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 702–703.
  65. ↑ "George Nixon Briggs". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  66. ↑ "Our State Legislature". The Recorder. 1844-01-16. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  67. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 703–704.
  68. ↑ "George Sewall Boutwell". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  69. ↑ "Mass. Legislature". New England Farmer. 1851-01-18. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  70. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 704–705.
  71. ↑ "John Henry Clifford". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  72. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Evening Transcript. 1853-01-14. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  73. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 705.
  74. ↑ "Emory Washburn". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  75. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". New England Farmer. 1854-01-14. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  76. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 706.
  77. ↑ "Henry Joseph Gardner". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  78. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Evening Transcript. 1855-01-09. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  79. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 706–707.
  80. ↑ "Nathaniel Prentice Banks". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  81. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". New England Farmer. 1858-01-09. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  82. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 707–708.
  83. ↑ "John Albion Andrew". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  84. ↑ "Review of the Week". New England Farmer. 1861-01-05. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  85. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 708–709.
  86. ↑ "Alexander Hamilton Bullock". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  87. ↑ "Legislature". Fall River Daily Evening News. 1866-01-08. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  88. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Glashan 1979, p. 144.
  89. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 709–710.
  90. ↑ "William Claflin". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  91. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". Fall River Daily Evening News. 1869-01-11. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  92. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 710–711.
  93. ↑ "William Barrett Washburn". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  94. ↑ "Morning News". Fall River Daily Evening News. 1872-01-06. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  95. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, p. 711.
  96. 1 2 "Thomas Talbot". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  97. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1874 sess., 401, accessed March 8, 2023
  98. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 138.
  99. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 712.
  100. ↑ "William Gaston". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  101. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Post. 1875-01-08. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  102. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 712–713.
  103. ↑ "Alexander Hamilton Rice". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  104. ↑ "Massachusetts Legislature". Boston Post. 1876-01-07. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  105. ↑ "The Legislature". The Boston Globe. 1879-01-02. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  106. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 713–714.
  107. ↑ "John Davis Long". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  108. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1880 sess., 12, accessed March 8, 2023
  109. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 714–715.
  110. ↑ "Benjamin Franklin Butler". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  111. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1883 sess., 12, accessed March 8, 2023
  112. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 715.
  113. ↑ "George Dexter Robinson". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  114. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1884 sess., 12, accessed March 8, 2023
  115. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 716.
  116. ↑ "Oliver Ames". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  117. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1887 sess., 13, accessed March 8, 2023
  118. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 716–717.
  119. ↑ "John Quincy Adams Brackett". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  120. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1890 sess., 14, accessed March 8, 2023
  121. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 717–718.
  122. ↑ "William Eustis Russell". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  123. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1891 sess., 16, accessed March 8, 2023
  124. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 718.
  125. ↑ "Frederic Thomas Greenhalge". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  126. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1894 sess., 15, accessed March 8, 2023
  127. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 718–719.
  128. ↑ "Roger Wolcott". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  129. ↑ "Deep Mourning". The North Adams Transcript. 1896-03-05. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  130. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 719–720.
  131. ↑ "Winthrop Murray Crane". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  132. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1900 sess., 14, accessed March 8, 2023
  133. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 720–721.
  134. ↑ "John Lewis Bates". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  135. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1903 sess., 16, accessed March 8, 2023
  136. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 721.
  137. ↑ "William Lewis Douglas". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  138. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1905 sess., 17, accessed March 8, 2023
  139. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 721–722.
  140. ↑ "Curtis Guild". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  141. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1906 sess., 16, accessed March 8, 2023
  142. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 722–723.
  143. ↑ "Ebenezer Sumner Draper". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  144. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1909 sess., 24, accessed March 8, 2023
  145. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Glashan 1979, p. 146.
  146. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 723–724.
  147. ↑ "Eugene Noble Foss". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  148. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1911 sess., 26, accessed March 8, 2023
  149. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 724.
  150. ↑ "David Ignatius Walsh". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  151. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1914 sess., 19, accessed March 8, 2023
  152. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 725.
  153. ↑ "Samuel Walker McCall". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  154. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1916 sess., 19, accessed March 8, 2023
  155. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 725–726.
  156. ↑ "John Calvin Coolidge". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  157. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1919 sess., 20, accessed March 8, 2023
  158. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 726–727.
  159. ↑ "Channing Harris Cox". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  160. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1921 sess., 21, accessed March 8, 2023
  161. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 727.
  162. ↑ "Alvan Tufts Fuller". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  163. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1925 sess., 22, accessed March 8, 2023
  164. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 727–728.
  165. ↑ "Frank G. Allen". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  166. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1929 sess., 24, accessed March 8, 2023
  167. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 728–729.
  168. ↑ "Joseph Buell Ely". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  169. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1931 sess., 29, accessed March 8, 2023
  170. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 729–730.
  171. ↑ "James Michael Curley". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  172. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1935 sess., 32, accessed March 8, 2023
  173. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 730.
  174. ↑ "Charles Francis Hurley". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  175. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1937 sess., 31, accessed March 8, 2023
  176. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 730–731.
  177. ↑ "Leverett Saltonstall". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  178. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1939 sess., 25, accessed March 8, 2023
  179. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 731.
  180. ↑ "Maurice Tobin". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  181. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1945 sess., 43, accessed March 8, 2023
  182. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 732.
  183. ↑ "Robert Fiske Bradford". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  184. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1947 sess., 36, accessed March 8, 2023
  185. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 732–733.
  186. ↑ "Paul Andrew Dever". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  187. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1949 sess., 25, accessed March 8, 2023
  188. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 733–734.
  189. ↑ "Christian Archibald Herter". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  190. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1953 sess., 208, accessed March 8, 2023
  191. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 734.
  192. ↑ "Foster John Furcolo". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  193. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1957 sess., 14, accessed March 8, 2023
  194. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, pp. 734–735.
  195. 1 2 "John Anthony Volpe". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  196. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1961 sess., 14, accessed March 8, 2023
  197. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 735–736.
  198. ↑ "Endicott Peabody". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  199. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1963 sess., 16, accessed March 8, 2023
  200. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1965 sess., 319, accessed March 8, 2023
  201. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 736–737.
  202. ↑ "Francis Williams Sargent". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  203. ↑ "Sargent in Governor Role As Volpe Sworn In at D.C." Transcript-Telegram. Associated Press. 1969-01-22. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  204. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 737.
  205. 1 2 3 "Michael Stanley Dukakis". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  206. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1975 sess., 299, accessed March 8, 2023
  207. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1979 sess., 254A, accessed March 8, 2023
  208. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1983 sess., 18A, accessed March 8, 2023
  209. 1 2 3 "William Floyd Weld". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  210. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1991 sess., 334A, accessed March 8, 2023
  211. 1 2 3 "Argeo Paul Cellucci". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  212. ↑ Phillips, Frank; Walker, Adrian (1997-07-30). "'Citizen Weld' Steps Out; Cellucci Steps Forward". The Boston Globe. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  213. 1 2 "Jane Maria Swift". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  214. ↑ Phillips, Frank (2001-04-11). "'Her Excellency': Swift Is First Woman To Serve As Mass. Governor". The Boston Globe. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  215. 1 2 "Mitt Romney". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  216. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 2003 sess., 4, accessed March 8, 2023
  217. 1 2 "Deval Patrick". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  218. ↑ Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 2007 sess., 9, accessed March 8, 2023
  219. 1 2 "Charlie Baker". National Governors Association. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  220. ↑ Miller, Joshua (January 8, 2015). "Charlie Baker Takes Over As 72d Governor of Mass". Boston Globe . Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  221. 1 2 "Maura Healey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  222. ↑ Platoff, Emma; Stout, Matt (January 5, 2023). "'Massachusetts Can, and Will, Lead the World': Maura Healey Sworn In As State's 73rd Governor". Boston Globe . Retrieved 2023-03-08.
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