This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 2021 to present.
# | Crew | Launch spacecraft | Habitation | Return spacecraft | Brief mission summary | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
329 | Oleg Novitsky (3) | 9 April 2021 Soyuz MS-18 | ISS (crew 64/65) | 17 October 2021 Soyuz MS-18 | ISS crew rotation. | |
Pyotr Dubrov Mark T. Vande Hei (2) | ISS (crew 64/65/66) | 30 March 2022 Soyuz MS-19 | ||||
330 | Shane Kimbrough (3) K. Megan McArthur (2) Akihiko Hoshide (3) Thomas Pesquet (2) | 23 April 2021 SpaceX Crew-2, Endeavour | ISS (crew 65/66) | 9 November 2021 SpaceX Crew-2, Endeavour | ISS crew rotation. | |
— | Frederick W. Sturckow | 22 May 2021 | First human spaceflight from the State of New Mexico. Reached an altitude of 89.24 km (55.45 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space, but not the FAI's definition. | |||
331 | Nie Haisheng (3) Liu Boming (2) Tang Hongbo | 17 June 2021 Shenzhou 12 | TSS | 17 September 2021 Shenzhou 12 | First crew to Tiangong Space Station. | |
— | David Mackay Michael Masucci Beth Moses Richard Branson Colin Bennett Sirisha Bandla | 11 July 2021 | Reached an altitude of 86 km (53 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space. | |||
332 | Jeff Bezos Mark Bezos Wally Funk Oliver Daemen | 20 July 2021 | Reached an altitude of 107 km (66 mi), crossing the FAI definition of space. | |||
333 | Jared Isaacman Sian Proctor Hayley Arceneaux Christopher Sembroski | 16 September 2021 Inspiration4, Resilience | 18 September 2021 Inspiration4, Resilience | |||
334 | Klim Shipenko Yulia Peresild | 5 October 2021 Soyuz MS-19 | ISS (Vyzov) | 17 October 2021 Soyuz MS-18 | ISS crew rotation. | |
Anton Shkaplerov (4) | ISS (crew 65/66) | 30 March 2022 Soyuz MS-19 | ||||
335 | Audrey Powers Chris Boshuizen Glen de Vries William Shatner | 13 October 2021 | Reached an altitude of 107 km (66 mi), crossing the FAI definition of space. | |||
336 | Zhai Zhigang (2) Wang Yaping (2) Ye Guangfu | 15 October 2021 Shenzhou 13 | TSS | 16 April 2022 Shenzhou 13 | Second crew to Tiangong Space Station. | |
337 | Raja Chari Thomas Marshburn (3) Kayla Barron Matthias Maurer | 11 November 2021 SpaceX Crew-3, Endurance | ISS (crew 66/67) | 6 May 2022 SpaceX Crew-3, Endurance | ISS crew rotation. | |
338 | Alexander Misurkin (3) Yusaku Maezawa Yozo Hirano | 8 December 2021, Soyuz MS-20 | ISS | 20 December 2021, Soyuz MS-20 | ||
339 | Laura Shepard Churchley Michael Strahan Dylan Taylor Evan Dick Lane Bess Cameron Bess | 11 December 2021 | Reached an altitude of greater than 100 km (62 mi), crossing the FAI definition of space. | |||
340 | Oleg Artemyev (3) Denis Matveev Sergey Korsakov | 18 March 2022, Soyuz MS-21 | ISS (crew 66/67) | 29 September 2022, Soyuz MS-21 | ISS crew rotation. | |
341 | Marty Allen Sharon Hagle Marc Hagle Jim Kitchen George Nield Gary Lai | 31 March 2022 | Reached an altitude of greater than 100 km (62 mi), crossing the FAI definition of space. | |||
342 | / Michael López-Alegría (5) Larry Connor Mark Pathy Eytan Stibbe | 8 April 2022, Axiom Mission 1, Endeavour | ISS | 25 April 2022, Axiom Mission 1, Endeavour | ||
343 | Kjell N. Lindgren (2) Robert Hines Samantha Cristoforetti (2) Jessica Watkins | 27 April 2022 SpaceX Crew-4, Freedom | ISS (crew 67/68) | 14 October 2022 SpaceX Crew-4, Freedom | ISS crew rotation. | |
344 | Hamish Harding Victor Correa Hespanha Evan Dick (2) Katya Echazarreta Jaison Robinson Victor Vescovo | 4 June 2022 | Reached an altitude of greater than 100 km (62 mi), crossing the FAI definition of space. | |||
345 | Chen Dong (2) Liu Yang (2) Cai Xuzhe | 5 June 2022 Shenzhou 14 | TSS | 4 December 2022 Shenzhou 14 | Third crew to Tiangong Space Station. | |
346 | Coby Cotton Mário Ferreira Vanessa O'Brien Clint Kelly III Sara Sabry Steve Young | 4 August 2022 | Reached an altitude of greater than 100 km (62 mi), crossing the FAI definition of space. | |||
347 | Sergey Prokopyev (2) Dmitry Petelin Francisco Rubio | 21 September 2022, Soyuz MS-22 | ISS (crew 67/68/69) | 27 September 2023, Soyuz MS-23 | ISS crew rotation. | |
348 | Nicole Aunapu Mann Josh A. Cassada Koichi Wakata (5) Anna Kikina | 5 October 2022 SpaceX Crew-5, Endurance | ISS (crew 68) | 12 March 2023 SpaceX Crew-5, Endurance | ISS crew rotation. | |
349 | Fei Junlong (2) Deng Qingming Zhang Lu | 29 November 2022 Shenzhou 15 | TSS | 3 June 2023 Shenzhou 15 | Fourth crew to Tiangong Space Station. | |
350 | Stephen G. Bowen (4) Warren Hoburg Sultan Al Neyadi Andrey Fedyaev | 2 March 2023 SpaceX Crew-6, Endeavour | ISS (crew 68/69) | 4 September 2023 SpaceX Crew-6, Endeavour | ISS crew rotation. | |
351 | Peggy Whitson (4) John Shoffner Ali AlQarni Rayyanah Barnawi | 21 May 2023 Axiom Mission 2, Freedom | ISS | 31 May 2023 Axiom Mission 2, Freedom | ||
— | Michael Masucci Frederick W. Sturckow Beth Moses Luke Mays Jamila Gilbert Christopher Huie | 25 May 2023 | Reached an altitude of 87.2 km (54.2 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space. | |||
352 | Jing Haipeng (4) Zhu Yangzhu Gui Haichao | 30 May 2023 Shenzhou 16 | TSS | 31 October 2023 Shenzhou 16 | Fifth crew to Tiangong Space Station. | |
— | Michael Masucci Walter Villadei Angelo Landolfi Nicola Pecile Pantaleone Carlucci Colin Bennett | 29 June 2023 | Reached an altitude of 85.1 km (52.9 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space. | |||
— | Frederick Sturckow Kelly Latimer Beth Moses Jon Goodwin Keisha Schahaff Anastatia Mayers | 10 August 2023 | Reached an altitude of 88.5 km (52.9 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space. | |||
353 | Jasmin Moghbeli Andreas Mogensen (2) Satoshi Furukawa (2) Konstantin Borisov | 26 August 2023 SpaceX Crew-7, Endurance | ISS (crew 69/70) | in orbit | ISS crew rotation. | |
— | Michael Masucci Beth Moses Adrian Reynard [1] Nicola Pecile Ken Baxter [2] / Timothy Nash [3] | 8 September 2023 | Reached an altitude of 88.56 km (55 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space. | |||
354 | Oleg Kononenko (5) Nikolai Chub | 15 September 2023, Soyuz MS-24 | ISS (69/70/71) | in orbit | ISS crew rotation. | |
Loral O'Hara | ISS (crew 69/70) | 6 April 2024, Soyuz MS-24 | ||||
— | Frederick Sturckow Kelly Latimer Beth Moses Trevor Beattie Namira Salim Ron Rosano | 6 October 2023 | Reached an altitude of 87.38 km (54.3 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space. | |||
355 | Tang Hongbo (2) Tang Shengjie Jiang Xinlin | 26 October 2023 Shenzhou 17 | TSS | in orbit | Sixth crew to Tiangong Space Station. | |
— | Michael Masucci Kelly Latimer Colin Bennett Alan Stern Kellie Gerardi Ketty Maisonrouge | 2 November 2023 | Reached an altitude of 87.2 km (54.2 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space. | |||
356 | / Michael López-Alegría (6) Walter Villadei Alper Gezeravcı / Marcus Wandt | 18 January 2024, Axiom Mission 3, Freedom | ISS | 09 February 2024, Axiom Mission 3, Freedom | ||
— | Frederick Sturckow Nicola Pecile / Lina Borozdina Robie Vaughn Franz Haider Neil Kornswiet | 26 January 2024 | Reached an altitude of 88.8 km (55.2 mi), crossing the U.S. definition of space. | |||
357 | Matthew Dominick Michael Barratt (3) Jeanette Epps Alexander Grebenkin | 4 March 2024 SpaceX Crew-8, Endeavour | ISS (crew 70/71) | in orbit | ISS crew rotation. | |
357 | Oleg Novitsky (4) Marina Vasilevskaya | 23 March 2024, Soyuz MS-25 | ISS | 6 April 2024, Soyuz MS-24 | ISS EP-21. | |
Tracy Caldwell-Dyson (3) | ISS (70/71) | in orbit | ISS crew rotation. |
A space station is a spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time and is therefore a type of space habitat. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. An orbital station or an orbital space station is an artificial satellite. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer crew and supplies. The purpose of maintaining an orbital outpost varies depending on the program. Space stations have most often been launched for scientific purposes, but military launches have also occurred.
Human spaceflight programs have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. Until the 21st century, human spaceflight programs were sponsored exclusively by governments, through either the military or civilian space agencies. With the launch of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of human spaceflight programs – commercial human spaceflight – arrived. By the end of 2022, three countries and one private company (SpaceX) had successfully launched humans to Earth orbit, and two private companies had launched humans on a suborbital trajectory.
Spacecraft call signs are radio call signs used for communication in crewed spaceflight. These are not formalized or regulated to the same degree as other equivalent forms of transportation, like aircraft. The three nations currently launching crewed space missions use different methods to identify the ground and space radio stations; the United States uses either the names given to the space vehicles or else the project name and mission number. Russia traditionally assigns code names as call signs to individual cosmonauts, more in the manner of aviator call signs, rather than to the spacecraft.
Spaceflight began in the 20th century following theoretical and practical breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert H. Goddard, and Hermann Oberth, each of whom published works proposing rockets as the means for spaceflight. The first successful large-scale rocket programs were initiated in Nazi Germany by Wernher von Braun. The Soviet Union took the lead in the post-war Space Race, launching the first satellite, the first animal, the first human and the first woman into orbit. The United States would then land the first men on the Moon in 1969. Through the late 20th century, France, the United Kingdom, Japan, and China were also working on projects to reach space.
VSSUnity, previously referred to as VSS Voyager, is a SpaceShipTwo-class suborbital rocket-powered crewed spaceplane. It is the second SpaceShipTwo to be built and is part of the Virgin Galactic fleet. It first reached space as defined by the United States on 13 December 2018, on the VP-03 mission.