List of mammals of North America north of Mexico

This is a list of North American mammals. It includes all mammals currently found in North America north of Mexico, whether resident or as migrants. There is a separate list of Mexican mammals. This article does not include species found only in captivity. Mammal species which became extinct in the last 10,000 to 13,000 years are also included in this article. Each species is listed, with its binomial name. Most established introduced species occurring across multiple states and provinces are also noted.

Some species are identified as indicated below:

• (A) = Accidental: occurrence based on one or a few records, and unlikely to occur regularly
• (E) = Extinct : died out between 13,000 years ago and the present
• (Ex) = Extirpated : no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations exist elsewhere
• (I) = Introduced : population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - extinct, EW - extinct in the wild

CR - critically endangered, EN - endangered, VU - vulnerable

NT - near threatened, LC - least concern

DD - data deficient, NE - not evaluated

(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014 ^[1] )

and Endangered Species Act:

E - endangered, T - threatened

XN, XE - experimental non essential or essential population

E(S/A), T(S/A) - endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance

(selected only taxa found in the US, the data is current as of March 28, 2014 ^[2] )

Opossums

Didelphidae

• Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana ^{[n 1] [n 2]} LC

Armadillos

Dasypodidae

• Beautiful armadillo, Dasypus bellus (E)
• Nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus ^{[n 3]} LC

Chlamyphoridae

• American glyptodont, Glyptotherium floridanum (E)

Pampatheriidae

• American giant armadillo, Holmesina septentrionalis (E)

Sloths

Megalonychidae

Jefferson's ground sloth

• Jefferson ground sloth, Megalonyx jeffersonii ^[9] (E)

Megatheriidae

• American giant ground sloth, Eremotherium laurillardi (E)

Mylodontidae

• Harlan's ground sloth, Paramylodon harlani (E)

Nothrotheriidae

• Shasta ground sloth, Nothrotheriops shastensis ^[9] (E)

Rodents

Aplodontiidae

• Mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa ^{[n 3]} LC

(ssp. A. r. nigra: E)

Beavers

North American beaver

• North American beaver, Castor canadensis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Giant beaver, Castoroides ohioensis ^[9] (E)

Jumping mice

• Eastern woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Western woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus abietorum ^[10]
• Northern meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius ^{[n 3]} LC

(Preble's meadow jumping mouse, Z. h. preblei: T) and:

• Southern meadow jumping mouse, Zapus luteus ^[10]

• South-western jumping mouse, Zapus princeps ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Oregon jumping mouse, Zapus oregonus ^[10]
  • South Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus pacificus ^[10]
  • North-western jumping mouse, Zapus saltator ^[10]
• North Pacific Jumping Mouse, Zapus trinotatus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Central Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus montanus ^[10]

Porcupines

• North American porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum ^{[n 3]} LC

Capybaras

• Pinckney's capybara, Neochoerus pinckneyi (E)
• Holmes's capybara, Neochoerus aesopi (E)

Geomyidae

There has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of pocket gopher should be recognized as full species, and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive.

Botta's pocket gopher

• Yellow-faced pocket gopher, Cratogeomys castanops ^{[n 3]} LC
• Desert pocket gopher, Geomys arenarius ^{[n 1] [n 4]} NT
• Attwater's pocket gopher, Geomys attwateri ^{[n 1]} LC
• Baird's pocket gopher, Geomys breviceps ^{[n 1]} LC
• Plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC and:
  • Hall's pocket gopher, Geomys jugossicularis ^{[11] [10]}
  • Sand Hills pocket gopher, Geomys lutescens ^{[11] [10]}
• Knox Jones's pocket gopher, Geomys knoxjonesi ^{[n 1]} LC
• Texas pocket gopher, Geomys personatus ^{[n 6]} LC and:
  • Strecker's pocket gopher, Geomys streckeri ^{[11] [10]}
• Southeastern pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Llano pocket gopher, Geomys texensis ^{[n 1]} LC
• Botta's pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae ^{[n 7]} LC
• Camas pocket gopher, Thomomys bulbivorus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Wyoming pocket gopher, Thomomys clusius ^{[n 1]} LC
• Idaho pocket gopher, Thomomys idahoensis ^{[n 1]} LC
• Mazama pocket gopher, Thomomys mazama ^{[n 3]} LC
• Mountain pocket gopher, Thomomys monticola ^{[n 3]} LC
• Northern pocket gopher, Thomomys talpoides ^{[n 3]} LC
• Townsend's pocket gopher, Thomomys townsendii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Southern pocket gopher, Thomomys umbrinus ^{[n 3]} LC

Heteromyidae

Ord's kangaroo rat

• Ord's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Gulf Coast kangaroo rat, Dipodomys compactus ^{[n 1]} LC
• Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys microps ^{[n 3]} LC
• Panamint kangaroo rat, Dipodomys panamintinus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Stephens's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys stephensi ^{[n 3]} VUE
• Narrow-faced kangaroo rat, Dipodomys venustus ^{[n 3]} LC
  • Big-eared kangaroo rat, Dipodomys (venustus) elephantinus ^{[n 8] [n 9]}
• Agile kangaroo rat, Dipodomys agilis ^{[n 3] [11] [10]} LC
• Heermann's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys heermanni ^{[n 3]} LC

(Morro Bay kangaroo rat, D. h. morroensis: E)

• California kangaroo rat, Dipodomys californicus ^{[n 1]} LC
• Giant kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ingens ^{[n 3]} ENE
• Banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis ^{[n 3]} NT
• Texas kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator ^{[n 3]} VU
• Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami ^{[n 3]} LC

(San Bernardino kangaroo rat, D. m. parvus: E)

• Fresno kangaroo rat, Dipodomys nitratoides ^{[n 3]} VU

(Fresno subspecies D. n. exilis and Tipton kangaroo rat, D. n. nitratoides: E)

• Desert kangaroo rat, Dipodomys deserti ^{[n 3]} LC
• Dulzura kangaroo rat, Dipodomys simulans ^{[n 1]} LC
• Mexican spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys irroratus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Dark kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops megacephalus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Pale kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops pallidus ^{[n 3]} LC
• White-eared pocket mouse, Perognathus alticola ^{[n 3]} VU
• Arizona pocket mouse, Perognathus amplus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Olive-backed pocket mouse, Perognathus fasciatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Plains pocket mouse, Perognathus flavescens ^{[n 7]} LC
• Silky pocket mouse, Perognathus flavus ^{[n 3]} LC
• San Joaquin pocket mouse, Perognathus inornatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Little pocket mouse, Perognathus longimembris ^{[n 3]} LC

(Pacific pocket mouse, P. l. pacificus: E)

• Merriam's pocket mouse, Perognathus merriami ^{[n 3]} LC
• Columbia Plateau pocket mouse, Perognathus parvus ^{[n 7]} LC and:
  • Great Basin pocket mouse, Perognathus mollipilosus ^{[11] [10]}
• Bailey's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus baileyi ^{[n 3]} LC
• California pocket mouse, Chaetodipus californicus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Highland coarse-haired pocket mouse, Chaetodipus collis ^{[11] [10]} - split from Nelson's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus nelsoni ^{[n 3]} LC
• Chihuahuan pocket mouse, Chaetodipus eremicus ^{[n 1]} LC
• San Diego pocket mouse, Chaetodipus fallax ^{[n 3]} LC
• Long-tailed pocket mouse, Chaetodipus formosus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Hispid pocket mouse, Chaetodipus hispidus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Rock pocket mouse, Chaetodipus intermedius ^{[n 3]} LC
• Desert pocket mouse, Chaetodipus penicillatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Baja pocket mouse, Chaetodipus rudinoris ^{[n 10]} LC
• Spiny pocket mouse, Chaetodipus spinatus ^{[n 3]} LC

Squirrels

Eastern gray squirrel

Black-tailed prairie dog

Woodchuck

Golden-mantled ground squirrel

Eastern chipmunk

• Harris's antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus harrisii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Texas antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus interpres ^{[n 1] [n 4]} LC
• White-tailed antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus leucurus ^{[n 3] [n 11]} LC
• San Joaquin antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus nelsoni ^{[n 3]} EN
• Abert's squirrel, Sciurus aberti ^{[n 3]} LC
• Arizona gray squirrel, Sciurus arizonensis ^{[n 3]} DD
• Mexican gray squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster ^{[n 12]} LC
• Eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Western gray squirrel, Sciurus griseus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Mexican fox squirrel, Sciurus nayaritensis ^{[n 13]} LC
• Fox squirrel, Sciurus niger ^{[n 3]} LC

(Delmarva fox squirrel, S. n. cinereus: E)

• Douglas squirrel, Tamiasciurus douglasii ^{[n 3]} LC
• North American red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ^{[n 3]} LC

(Mount Graham red squirrel, T. h. grahamensis: E) and:

• Fremont's squirrel, Tamiasciurus fremonti ^{[11] [10]}

• Northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus ^{[n 3]} LC

(Carolina northern flying squirrel G. s. coloratus and Virginia northern flying squirrel G. s. fuscus: E)

• Southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans ^{[n 3]} LC
• Humboldt's flying squirrel, Glaucomys oregonensis
• Gunnison's prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC
• White-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys leucurus ^{[n 1] [n 4]} LC
• Black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Utah prairie dog, Cynomys parvidens ^{[n 1] [n 4]} ENT
• Alaska marmot, Marmota broweri ^{[n 1]} LC
• Hoary marmot, Marmota caligata ^{[n 3]} LC
• Yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris ^{[n 3]} LC
• Woodchuck, Marmota monax ^{[n 3]} LC
• Olympic marmot, Marmota olympus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Vancouver Island marmot, Marmota vancouverensis ^{[n 3]} CRE
• California ground squirrel, Otospermophilus beecheyi ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Douglas's ground squirrel, Otospermophilus douglasii ^[10]
• Rock squirrel, Otospermophilus variegatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus lateralis ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC
• Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus saturatus ^{[n 1] [n 4]} LC
• Mohave ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis ^{[n 3]} NT
• Spotted ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus spilosoma ^{[n 3]} LC
• Round-tailed ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus tereticaudus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Franklin's ground squirrel, Poliocitellus franklinii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Rio Grande ground squirrel, Ictidomys parvidens ^[11] - split from Mexican ground squirrel, Ictidomys mexicanus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Uinta ground squirrel, Urocitellus armatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Belding's ground squirrel, Urocitellus beldingi ^{[n 3]} LC
• Northern Idaho ground squirrel, Urocitellus brunneus ^{[n 3]} EN and:
  • Southern Idaho ground squirrel, Urocitellus endemicus ^{[n 3] [n 14]} VU
• Columbian ground squirrel, Urocitellus columbianus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Wyoming ground squirrel, Urocitellus elegans ^{[n 1]} LC
• Arctic ground squirrel, Urocitellus parryii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Richardson's ground squirrel, Urocitellus richardsonii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Townsend's ground squirrel, Urocitellus townsendii ^{[n 3]} VU
  • Townsend's ground squirrel, Urocitellus (townsendii) nancyae ^[12] VU
• Merriam's ground squirrel, Urocitellus canus ^{[n 1]} LC
• Piute ground squirrel, Urocitellus mollis ^{[n 1] [13]} LC
• Washington ground squirrel, Urocitellus washingtoni ^{[n 3]} NT
• Alpine chipmunk, Neotamias alpinus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Yellow pine chipmunk, Neotamias amoenus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Crater chipmunk, Neotamias cratericus ^[10]
• Gray-footed chipmunk, Neotamias canipes ^{[n 1]} LC
• Gray-collared chipmunk, Neotamias cinereicollis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Cliff chipmunk, Neotamias dorsalis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Merriam's chipmunk, Neotamias merriami ^{[n 3]} LC
• Least chipmunk, Neotamias minimus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Coulee chipmunk, Neotamias grisescens ^[10]
• California chipmunk, Neotamias obscurus ^{[n 1]} LC
• Yellow-cheeked chipmunk, Neotamias ochrogenys ^{[n 1]} LC
• Palmer's chipmunk, Neotamias palmeri ^{[n 3]} EN
• Panamint chipmunk, Neotamias panamintinus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Long-eared chipmunk, Neotamias quadrimaculatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Colorado chipmunk, Neotamias quadrivittatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Red-tailed chipmunk, Neotamias ruficaudus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Hopi chipmunk, Neotamias rufus ^{[n 1]} LC
• Allen's chipmunk, Neotamias senex ^{[n 1]} LC
• Siskiyou chipmunk, Neotamias siskiyou ^{[n 1]} LC
• Sonoma chipmunk, Neotamias sonomae ^{[n 3]} LC
• Lodgepole chipmunk, Neotamias speciosus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Townsend's chipmunk, Neotamias townsendii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Uinta chipmunk, Neotamias umbrinus ^{[n 3]} LC

Cricetidae

There has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of mice and voles should be recognized as full species, and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive.

Eastern meadow vole

Muskrat

Deer mouse

Cactus mouse

• Insular vole, Microtus abbreviatusLC and:
  • Singing vole, Microtus miurus ^{[n 14]} LC
• California vole, Microtus californicus ^{[n 3]} LC

(ssp. scirpen: E)

• Gray-tailed vole, Microtus canicaudus ^{[n 1]} LC
• Rock vole, Microtus chrotorrhinus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Long-tailed vole, Microtus longicaudus ^{[n 7]} LC
• Mexican vole, Microtus mexicanus ^{[n 15]} LC
  (including M. mogollonensis: LC, ssp. hualpaiensis: E) and:
  • Mogollon vole, Microtus mogollonensis ^{[n 15]}
• Montane vole, Microtus montanus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster ^{[n 3]} LC
• Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Creeping vole, Microtus oregoni ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC and:
  • Beach vole, M. p. breweri ^{[n 16] [n 4] [n 14]} VU
  • Western meadow vole, Microtus drummondii ^{[11] [10]} (M. p. dukecampbelli: E)
  • Florida salt marsh vole, Microtus dukecampbelli ^{[11] [10]}
• Woodland vole, Microtus pinetorum ^{[n 3]} LC
• Water vole, Microtus richardsoni ^{[n 3]} LC
• Townsend's vole, Microtus townsendii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Taiga vole, Microtus xanthognathus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Sagebrush vole, Lemmiscus curtatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus ^{[n 3]} LC
• White-footed vole, Arborimus albipes ^{[n 3]} LC
• Red tree vole, Arborimus longicaudus ^{[n 3]} NT
• California red tree mouse, Arborimus pomo ^{[n 1]} NT
• Western heather vole, Phenacomys intermedius ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern heather vole, Phenacomys ungava ^{[n 1]} LC
• Western red-backed vole, Myodes californicus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Southern red-backed vole, Myodes gapperi ^{[n 7]} LC
• Northern red-backed vole, Myodes rutilus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Northern bog lemming, Synaptomys borealis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Southern bog lemming, Synaptomys cooperi ^{[n 3]} LC
• Nearctic brown lemming, Lemmus trimucronatus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Beringian Brown lemming, Lemmus nigripes ^[10]
• Round-tailed muskrat, Neofiber alleni ^{[n 3]} LC
• Northern collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ^{[n 17]} LC
• Ungava collared lemming, Dicrostonyx hudsonius ^{[n 3]} LC
• Richardson's collared lemming, Dicrostonyx richardsoni ^{[n 1]} LC
• Nelson's collared lemming, Dicrostonyx nelsoni ^{[n 18]} LC
• Ogilvie Mountains collared lemming, Dicrostonyx nunatakensis ^{[n 19]} LC
• Unalaska collared lemming, Dicrostonyx unalascensis ^{[n 19]} DD
• White-throated woodrat, Neotoma albigula ^{[n 3]} LC
• Bushy-tailed woodrat, Neotoma cinerea ^{[n 3]} LC
• Arizona woodrat, Neotoma devia ^{[n 1]} LC
• Eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana ^{[n 3]} LC

(Key Largo woodrat, N. f. smalli: E)

• Dusky-footed woodrat, Neotoma fuscipes ^{[n 3]} LC

(ssp. riparia: E)

• Desert woodrat, Neotoma lepida ^{[n 3]} LC
• Bryant's woodrat, Neotoma bryanti ^[17] LC
• Allegheny woodrat, Neotoma magister ^{[n 1]} NT
• Mexican woodrat, Neotoma mexicana ^{[n 3]} LC
• Southern Plains woodrat, Neotoma micropus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Stephen's woodrat, Neotoma stephensi ^{[n 3]} LC
• White-toothed woodrat, Neotoma leucodon ^{[n 10]} LC
• Big-eared woodrat, Neotoma macrotis ^{[n 10]} LC
• Northern pygmy mouse, Baiomys taylori ^{[n 3]} LC
• Golden mouse, Ochrotomys nuttalli ^{[n 3]} LC
• Peromyscus anayapahensis ^[18] (E)
• California mouse, Peromyscus californicus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Cactus mouse, Peromyscus eremicus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Northern Baja deer mouse, Peromyscus fraterculus ^{[n 10]} LC
• Mesquite mouse, Peromyscus merriami ^{[n 3]} LC
• Canyon mouse, Peromyscus crinitus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern deermouse, Peromyscus maniculatus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Yukon deermouse, Peromyscus arcticus ^{[11] [10]}
  • Gambel's deermouse, Peromyscus gambelii ^{[11] [10]}
  • Southern deermouse, Peromyscus labecula ^{[11] [10]}
  • Western deermouse, Peromyscus sonoriensis ^{[11] [10]}
• Oldfield mouse, Peromyscus polionotus ^{[n 3]} LC

(Choctawhatchee beach mouse, P. p. allophrys, Perdido Key beach mouse, P. p. trissyllepsis, St. Andrews beach mouse, P. p. peninsularis, Alabama beach mouse, P. p. ammobates and Anastasia Island beach mouse, P. p. phasma: E, Southeastern beach mouse, P. p. niveiventris: T)

• White-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Cotton mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus ^{[n 3]} LC

(ssp. allapaticola: E)

• Brush mouse, Peromyscus boylii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Texas mouse, Peromyscus attwateri ^{[n 1]} LC
• Osgood's mouse, Peromyscus gratus ^{[n 1]} LC
• Northwestern deer mouse, Peromyscus keeni ^{[n 3]} LC
• Black-eared mouse, Peromyscus melanotis ^{[n 19]} LC
• Northern rock mouse, Peromyscus nasutus ^{[n 1] [n 20]} LC
• Giant island deer mouse, Peromyscus nesodytes ^[18] (E)
• Pinyon mouse, Peromyscus truei ^{[n 3]} LC
• Northern white-ankled deermouse Peromyscus laceianus ^{[11] [10]} - split from southern white-ankled mouse, Peromyscus pectoralis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Fulvous harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys fulvescens ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys humulis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Western harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Plains harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys montanus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Salt marsh harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys raviventris ^{[n 3]} ENE
• Mearn's grasshopper mouse, Onychomys arenicola ^{[n 1]} LC
• Northern grasshopper mouse, Onychomys leucogaster ^{[n 3]} LC
• Southern grasshopper mouse, Onychomys torridus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Florida mouse, Podomys floridanus ^{[n 3]} NT
• Hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Yellow-nosed cotton rat, Sigmodon ochrognathus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Arizona cotton rat, Sigmodon arizonae ^{[n 1]} LC
• Tawny-bellied cotton rat, Sigmodon fulviventer ^{[n 3]} LC
• Coues's rice rat, Oryzomys couesi ^{[n 1]} LC
• Common marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris ^{[n 3] [n 21]} LC (ssp. natator: E) and:
  • Texas marsh rice rat, Oryzomys texensis ^{[11] [10]}

Rabbits and hares

Leporidae

Black-tailed jackrabbit

• Pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis ^{[n 3]} LCE
• Antelope jackrabbit, Lepus alleni ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC
• Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Arctic hare, Lepus arcticus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Black-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus californicus ^{[n 3]} LC
• White-sided jackrabbit, Lepus callotis ^{[n 1] [n 4]} VU
• Alaskan hare, Lepus othus ^{[n 3]} LC
• White-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus townsendii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Swamp rabbit, Sylvilagus aquaticus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Desert cottontail, Sylvilagus audubonii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Brush rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani ^{[n 3]} LC (ssp. riparius: E)
• Eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Robust cottontail, Sylvilagus holzneri ^{[n 22]} VU and:
  • Manzano Mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus cognatus ^{[n 23] [n 14]} DD (formerly in Sylvilagus floridanus )
• Marsh rabbit, Sylvilagus palustris ^{[n 3]} LC

(Lower Keys marsh rabbit, S. p. hefneri: E)

• Mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Appalachian cottontail, Sylvilagus obscurus ^{[n 1]} NT
• New England cottontail, Sylvilagus transitionalis ^{[n 3]} VU
• Atzlan rabbit, Aztlanolagus agilis (E)

Ochotonidae

• Collared pika, Ochotona collaris ^{[n 3]} LC
• American pika, Ochotona princeps ^{[n 3]} LC
• Giant pika, Ochotona whartoni ^[18] (E)

Moles and shrews

Talpidae

Star-nosed mole

• Star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata ^{[n 3]} LC
• Hairy-tailed mole, Parascalops breweri ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Northern broad-footed mole, Scapanus latimanus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Southern broad-footed mole, Scapanus occultus
• Coast mole, Scapanus orarius ^{[n 3]} LC
• Townsend's mole, Scapanus townsendii ^{[n 3]} LC
• American shrew mole, Neurotrichus gibbsii ^{[n 3]} LC

Soricidae

Short-tailed shrew

Cinerous shrew

• Northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda ^{[n 3]} LC
• Southern short-tailed shrew, Blarina carolinensis ^{[n 1]} LC and:
  • Sherman's short-tailed shrew, Blarina shermani ^[11]
  • Everglades short-tailed shrew, Blarina peninsulae ^[6]
• Elliot's short-tailed shrew, Blarina hylophaga ^{[n 1]} LC
• North American least shrew, Cryptotis parva ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Berlandier's least shrew, Cryptotis berlandieri ^[11]
• Cockrum's gray shrew, Notiosorex cockrumi ^{[n 10]} LC
• Crawford's gray shrew, Notiosorex crawfordi ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Ticul's gray shrew, Notiosorex tataticuli ^[11]
• Long-tailed shrew, Sorex dispar ^{[n 24]} LC and:
  • Gaspé shrew, Sorex gaspensis ^{[n 25] [n 14]}
• Smoky shrew, Sorex fumeus ^{[n 3]} LC
• American pygmy shrew, Sorex hoyi ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Western pygmy shrew, Sorex eximius ^[11]
• Dwarf shrew, Sorex nanus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Ornate shrew, Sorex ornatus ^{[n 7]} LC (ssp. relictus: E)
• Inyo shrew, Sorex tenellus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Marsh shrew, Sorex bendirii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Southern montane shrew, Sorex monticolus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Northern montane shrew, Sorex obscurus ^[11]
  • New Mexico shrew, Sorex neomexicanus ^{[n 10] [n 14]} DD
• Pacific shrew, Sorex pacificus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Baird's shrew, Sorex bairdi ^{[n 1] [n 14]} LC
• American water shrew, Sorex palustris ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC and:
  • Eastern water shrew, Sorex albibarbis ^[11]
  • Western water shrew, Sorex navigator ^[11] and:
    • Glacier Bay water shrew, Sorex alaskanus ^{[n 26] [n 4] [n 14]} DD
• Fog shrew, Sorex sonomae ^{[n 1]} LC
• Vagrant shrew, Sorex vagrans ^{[n 7]} LC
• Cinereus shrew, Sorex cinereus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Maryland shrew, Sorex cinereus fontinalis ^{[3] [19] [20]}
• Olympic shrew, Sorex rohweri ^{[n 27]} LC (formerly in Sorex cinereus )
• Prairie shrew, Sorex haydeni ^{[n 1]} LC
• Saint Lawrence Island shrew, Sorex jacksoni ^{[n 22] [n 4]} LC
• Southeastern shrew, Sorex longirostris ^{[n 3]} LC
• Mount Lyell shrew, Sorex lyelli ^{[n 3]} LC
• Preble's shrew, Sorex preblei ^{[n 3]} LC
• Pribilof Island shrew, Sorex pribilofensis ^{[n 7]} EN
• Barren ground shrew, Sorex ugyunak ^{[n 1]} LC
• Eurasian least shrew, Sorex minutissimus ^[10] LC or:
  • Alaska tiny shrew, Sorex yukonicus ^{[n 19] [n 14]} LC
• Arctic shrew, Sorex arcticus ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC
• Maritime shrew, Sorex maritimensis ^{[n 10]} LC
• Tundra shrew, Sorex tundrensis ^{[n 1]} LC
• Arizona shrew, Sorex arizonae ^{[n 1]} LC
• Merriam's shrew, Sorex merriami ^{[n 3]} LC
• Trowbridge's shrew, Sorex trowbridgii ^{[n 3]} LC

Bats

Vespertilionidae

Indiana bat

Mexican long-nosed bat

• Western pipistrelle, Pipistrellus hesperus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern pipistrelle, Pipistrellus subflavus ^{[n 3]} VU
• Big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Evening bat, Nycticeius humeralis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern red bat, Lasiurus borealis ^{[n 28]} LC
• Desert red bat, Lasiurus frantzii ^[11] - split from southern red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii ^{[n 16]} LC
• Seminole bat, Lasiurus seminolus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Southern yellow bat, Dasypterus ega ^{[n 28]} LC
• Northern yellow bat, Dasypterus intermedius ^{[n 3]} LC
• Western yellow bat, Dasypterus xanthinus ^{[n 1]} LC
• Hoary bat, Aeorestes cinereus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Hawaiian hoary bat, Aeorestes semotus ^[10] (L. c. semotus: E)
• Allen's big-eared bat, Idionycteris phyllotis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Spotted bat, Euderma maculatum ^{[n 3]} LC
• Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Townsend's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii ^{[n 3]} LC

(ssp. C. t. virginianus and C. t. ingens: E)

• Southwestern myotis, Myotis auriculus ^{[n 1] [n 29]} LC
• Southeastern myotis, Myotis austroriparius ^{[n 3]} LC
• California myotis, Myotis californicus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Western small-footed myotis, Myotis ciliolabrum ^{[n 1]} LC and:
  • Dark-nosed small-footed myotis, Myotis melanorhinus ^{[n 30] [n 14]} LC
• Guatemalan myotis, Myotis cobanensisDD
• Long-eared myotis, Myotis evotis ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC
• Gray bat, Myotis grisescens ^{[n 3]} VUE
• Keen's myotis, Myotis keenii ^{[n 3]} LC
• Eastern small-footed myotis, Myotis leibii ^{[n 3]} EN
• Little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus ^{[n 3]} EN
• Northern long-eared myotis, Myotis septentrionalis ^{[n 1]} NT
• Indiana bat, Myotis sodalis ^{[n 3]} NTE
• Fringed myotis, Myotis thysanodes ^{[n 3]} LC
• Cave myotis, Myotis velifer ^{[n 3]} LC
• Long-legged myotis, Myotis volans ^{[n 3]} LC
• Yuma myotis, Myotis yumanensis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans ^{[n 3]} LC
• Arizona myotis, Myotis occultus ^{[n 31]} LC

Molossidae

• Wagner's mastiff bat, Eumops glaucinus ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Florida bonneted bat, Eumops floridanus ^[7] CRE (formerly in Eumops glaucinus )
• Western mastiff bat, Eumops perotis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Underwood's mastiff bat, Eumops underwoodi ^{[n 3]} LC
• Pallas's mastiff bat, Molossus molossus ^{[n 32]} LC and:
  • Pug-nosed mastiff bat, Molossus milleri (Bermuda) ^[10]
• Pocketed free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops femorosaccus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Big free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops macrotis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis ^{[n 3]} LC

Antrozoidae

• Pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus ^{[n 3]} LC

Mormoopidae

• Ghost-faced bat, Mormoops megalophylla ^{[n 3]} LC
• Pristine mustached bat, Pteronotus pristinus (E) ^{[n 33]}

Phyllostomidae

• Mexican long-tongued bat, Choeronycteris mexicana ^{[n 3]} NT
• Hairy-legged vampire bat, Diphylla ecaudata ^{[n 3]} LC
• Velvety fruit-eating bat, Enchisthenes hartii ^{[n 23]} LC
• Mexican long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris nivalis ^{[n 3] [n 11]} ENE
• Lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ^{[n 34]} VU
  (Previously considered a subspecies of L. curasoae: L. c. yerbabuenae)
• California leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus californicus ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC

Carnivores

Felidae

Jaguar

• Jaguarundi, Herpailurus yagouaroundi ^{[n 3]} LC

(Gulf Coast jaguarundi, H. y. cacomitli and Sinaloan jauguarundi H. y. tolteca: E)

• Homotherium serum (E)
• Ocelot, Leopardus pardalis ^{[n 3]} LCE
• Margay, Leopardus wiedii ^{[n 35]} NT
• Canada lynx, Lynx canadensis ^{[n 3]} LCT
• Bobcat, Lynx rufus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Miracinonyx inexpectatus (E)
• Miracinonyx trumani (E)
• Panthera atrox (E)
• Jaguar, Panthera onca ^{[n 3]} NTE
• Panthera spelaea (E)
• Cougar, Puma concolor ^{[n 3]} LCT(S/A)

(ssp. P. c. couguarE)

• Smilodon fatalis (E)

Canines

Gray wolf

• Dire wolf, Aenocyon dirus ^[9] (E)
• Coyote, Canis latrans ^{[n 3]} LC
• Gray wolf, Canis lupus ^{[n 3]} LCE (and XN)
• Red wolf, Canis rufusCRE
• Dhole, Cuon alpinus (Ex) ENE
• Gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus ^{[n 3] [n 5]} LC
• Island fox, Urocyon littoralis ^{[n 1] [n 4]} NT

(ssp. U.l. littoralis, U. l. catalinae, U. l. santarosae and U. l. santacruzae: E)

• Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Kit fox, Vulpes macrotis ^{[n 3]} LC (ssp. mutica: E)
• Swift fox, Vulpes velox ^{[n 3]} LC (ssp. hebes: E)
• Red fox, Vulpes vulpes ^{[n 3] [n 36]} LC

Bears

• Short-faced bear, Arctodus simus ^[9] (E)
• Florida cave bear, Tremarctos floridanus (E)
• Brown bear, Ursus arctos ^{[n 37]} LC (includes grizzly bear, U. a. horribilis: T, XN and
  Alaskan brown bear or Kodiak bear, U. a. middendorffi)
• American black bear, Ursus americanus ^{[n 3]} LCT(S/A)
  (Louisiana black bear U. a. luteolus: T)
• Polar bear, Ursus maritimus ^{[n 3]} VUT

Procyonidae

• Ringtail, Bassariscus astutus ^{[n 3]} LC
• White-nosed coati, Nasua narica ^{[n 3]} LC
• Raccoon, Procyon lotor ^{[n 3]} LC

Mustelids

River otter

• Sea otter, Enhydra lutris ^{[n 3]} EN

(ssp. E. l . nereis and E. l . kenyoni: T, ssp. E. l . nereis also XN)

• Wolverine, Gulo gulo ^{[n 3] [n 38]} LC
• North American river otter, Lontra canadensis ^{[n 3]} LC
• American marten, Martes americana ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Pacific marten, Martes caurina ^{[11] [10]}
• Beringian ermine, Mustela erminea ^{[n 3]} LC and:
  • Haida ermine, Mustela haidarum ^[10] NE
  • American ermine, Mustela richardsonii ^[10] NE
• Least weasel, Mustela nivalis ^{[n 3] [n 39]} LC
• Black-footed ferret, Mustela nigripes ^{[n 3]} ENE (and XN)
• Long-tailed weasel, Neogale frenata ^{[n 3]} LC
• Sea mink, Neogale macrodon ^{[n 23] [18]} (E) EX
• American mink, Neogale vison ^{[n 3]} LC
• Fisher, Pekania pennanti ^{[n 3]} LC
• American badger, Taxidea taxus ^{[n 3]} LC

Mephitidae

• Hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus leuconotus ^{[n 40]} LC (merged with western hog-nosed skunk Conepatus mesoleucus)
• Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis ^{[n 3]} LC
• Hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura ^{[n 3]} LC
• Western spotted skunk, Spilogale gracilis ^{[n 1]} LC and:
  • Desert spotted skunk, Spilogale leucoparia ^[10]
• Alleghanian spotted skunk, Spilogale putorius ^{[n 3] [n 21]} VU and:
  • Plains spotted skunk, Spilogale interrupta ^[10]
• Short-faced skunk, Brachyprotoma obtusata (E)

Eared seals

• Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi ^{[n 3] [n 41]} LCT
• Northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus ^{[n 3]} VU
• Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus ^{[n 3]} NT

(ssp. E. j. monteriensis: LC, ssp. E. j. jubatus: EN) T (except west of 144° W, where E)

• California sea lion, Zalophus californianus ^{[n 3]} LC

Odobenidae

• Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus ^{[n 3]} VU

Earless seals

Harbor seal

• Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata ^{[n 3]} VU
• Bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Ribbon seal, Histriophoca fasciata ^{[n 3]} LC
• Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris ^{[n 3]} LC
• Caribbean monk seal, Neomonachus tropicalis ^{[n 42]} (E) EX
• Hawaiian monk seal, Neomonachus schauinslandi ^{[n 23]} (Hawaiian Islands only) CRE
• Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina ^{[n 3]} LC
• Spotted seal, Phoca largha ^{[n 1]} LCT
• Ringed seal, Pusa hispida ^{[n 3]} LC
• Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus ^{[n 3]} LC

Perissodactyla

Horses

• Equus alaskae (E)
• Mexican horse, Equus conversidens ^[9] (E)
• Equus fraternus (E)
• Giant horse, Equus giganteus (E)
• Yukon wild horse, Equus lambei (E)
• Niobrara horse, Equus niobrarensis (E)
• Western horse, Equus occidentalis (E)
• Equus semiplicatus (E)
• Scott's horse, Equus scotti (E)
• Hagerman horse, Equus simplicidens (E)
• Stilt-legged horse, Haringtonhippus francisci (E)

Tapirs

• Baird's tapir, Tapirus bairdiiEN
• Cope's tapir, Tapirus copei (E)
• California tapir, Tapirus californicus (E)
• Merriam's tapir, Tapirus merriami (E)
• Florida tapir, Tapirus veroensis (E)

Artiodactyla

Camelidae

• Camelops hesternus ^[9] (E)
• Camelops kansanus (E)
• Camelops minidokae (E)
• Stilt-legged llama, Hemiauchenia macrocephala (E)
• Stout-legged llama, Palaeolama mirifica (E)

Tayassuidae

• Long-nosed peccary, Mylohyus nasutus ^[9] (E)
• Collared peccary, Dicotyles tajacu ^{[n 3]} LC
• Flat-headed peccary, Platygonus compressus ^[9] (E)
• White-lipped peccary, Tayassu pecariVU

Bovines

American bison

• Ancient bison, Bison antiquus (E)
• American bison, Bison bison ^{[n 3]} NT (Wood bison, B. b. athabascae: T)
• Giant bison, Bison latifrons (E)
• Bison occidentalis ^[24] (E)
• Steppe wisent, Bison priscus (E)
• Harlan's muskox, Bootherium bombifrons ^[9] (E)
• Shrub-ox, Euceratherium collinum ^[9] (E)
• Muskox, Ovibos moschatus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Harrington's mountain goat, Oreamnos harringtoni ^[9] (E)
• Bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis ^{[n 3]} LC

(Desert bighorn sheep, O. c. nelsoni and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep, O. c. sierrae: E)

• Dall sheep, Ovis dalli ^{[n 3]} LC
• Giant muskox, Praeovibos priscus (E)
• Saiga antelope, Saiga tatarica (Ex) CR

(ssp. S. t. tatarica: EN, ssp. S. t. mongolicaEN)

• Soergel's ox, Soergelia mayfieldi (E)

Cervidae

• Moose, Alces alces ^{[n 43]} LC
• Stag-moose, Cervalces scotti ^[9] (E)
• Mountain deer, Navahoceros fricki (E)
• Elk (wapiti), Cervus canadensis ^{[n 44]} LC
  • Eastern elk, C. c. canadensis (E) EX
  • Merriam's elk, C. c. merriami (E) EX
• Mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus ^{[n 3]} LC
• American mountain deer, Odocoileus lucasi (E)
• White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus ^{[n 3]} LC

(Columbian white-tailed deer, O. v. leucurus and Key deer, O. v. clavium: E)

• Caribou, Rangifer tarandus ^{[n 45]} VU

(Migratory woodland caribou, R. t. caribou: E)

Antilocapridae

• Pronghorn, Antilocapra americana ^{[n 3]} LC

(Baja California pronghorn, A. a. peninsularis: E, Sonoran pronghorn, A. a. sonoriensis: E)

• Pacific pronghorn, Antilocapra pacifica (E)
• Dwarf pronghorn, Capromeryx minor (E)
• Barbour's pronghorn, Hayoceros barbouri (E)
• Shuler's pronghorn, Tetrameryx shuleri (E)
• Conkling's pronghorn, Stockoceros conklingi (E)

Cetacea

Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)

Killer whales, Orcinus orca
near Unimak Island,
eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska

• White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris ^{[n 28]} LC
• Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus ^{[n 28]} LC
• Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis ^{[n 28]} LC
• Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba ^{[n 28]} LC
• Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis ^{[n 16]} LC
• Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris ^{[n 28]} LC
• Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene ^{[n 16]} LC
• Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata ^{[n 28]} LC
• Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis ^{[n 28]} LC and:
  • Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis ^{[n 16] [n 14]} DD
• Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus ^{[n 28]} LC
  • Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops (truncatus) gillii ^[8]
• Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei ^{[n 12]} LC
• Northern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis ^{[n 28]} LC
• Pacific white-sided dolphin, Sagmatias obliquidens ^{[n 28]} LC
• False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens ^{[n 28]} NT
• Killer whale, Orcinus orca ^{[n 28]} DDE
• Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus ^{[n 28]} LC
• Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas ^{[n 28]} LC
• Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus ^{[n 3]} LC
• Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata ^{[n 28]} LC
• Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra ^{[n 16]} LC

Monodontidae

• Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas ^{[n 3]} LCE (Cook Inlet subpopulation: CR)
• Narwhal, Monodon monoceros ^{[n 28]} LC

Porpoise

• Harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena ^{[n 28]} LC
• Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli ^{[n 28]} LC

Kogiidae

• Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps ^{[n 28]} LC
• Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima ^{[n 28]} (Hawaiian Islands only) LC

Physeteridae

• Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus ^{[n 28]} VUE

Ziphiidae (beaked whales)

Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus

• Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus ^{[n 28]} LC
• Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris ^{[n 28]} LC
• True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus ^{[n 28]} LC
• Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens ^{[n 28]} LC
• Stejneger's beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri ^{[n 28]} NT
• Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens ^{[n 28]} DD
• Hubbs' beaked whale, Mesoplodon carlhubbsi ^{[n 28]} DD
• Perrin's beaked whale, Mesoplodon perrini ^{[n 22]} EN
• Hector's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hectori ^{[n 46]} (A) DD
• Pygmy beaked whale, Mesoplodon peruvianus ^{[n 47]} (A) LC
• Tropical bottlenose whale, Indopacetus pacificus ^{[7] [26]} LC
• Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus ^{[n 28]} NT
• Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris ^{[n 28]} LC
• Giant beaked whale, Berardius bairdii ^{[n 28]} LC (collective name for two species - Baird's beaked whale and Arnoux's beaked whale)

Eschrichtiidae

• Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus ^{[n 28]} LCE

Balaenopteridae (rorquals)

• Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus ^{[n 28]} ENE

(ssp. brevicauda - pygmy blue whale: DD, ssp. musculus North Pacific stock: LR/cd, ssp. musculus North Atlantic stock: VU)

• Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus ^{[n 28]} VUE
• Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis ^{[n 28]} ENE
• Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata ^{[n 28]} LC
• Species split from the Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) ^{[n 28]} (A) LC:

• Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera brydei ^[27]
• Rice's whale, Balaenoptera riceiCR ^[27]

• Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae ^{[n 28]} LCE

Balaenidae

• Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus ^{[n 3]} LCE (Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea subpopulation: LR/cd, Svalbard-Barents Sea (Spitsbergen) subpopulation: EN)
• North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis ^{[n 28]} CRE
• North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica ^{[n 30]} (A) (Alaska) ENE (Northeast Pacific subpopulation: CR)

Sirenia (sea cows)

Manatee, Trichechus manatus
Crystal River, Florida

Trichechidae

• West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus ^{[n 3]} VUE

(ssp. T. m . manatus - Antillean or Caribbean manatee: EN, ssp. T. m . latirostris - Florida manatee: EN)

Dugongidae

• Steller's sea cow, Hydrodamalis gigas ^{[7] [18]} (E) EX

Proboscidea

Physical reconstruction of a mammoth and a mastodon

Elephantidae

• Columbian mammoth, Mammuthus columbi ^[9] (E)
• Pygmy mammoth, Mammuthus exilis ^[9] (E)
• Woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius ^{[18] [28]} (E)

Mammutidae

• American mastodon, Mammut americanum ^[9] (E)

Gomphothere

• Cuvieronius hyodon (E)
• Stegomastodon aftoniae (E)
• Stegomastodon mirificus (E)
• Stegomastodon nebrascensis (E)
• Stegomastodon primitivus (E)

Introduced mammals

Echimyidae - Echimyinae, Myocastorini

• Nutria, Myocastor coypus ^{[n 48]} (I) LC

Muroidea

• House mouse, Mus musculus ^{[n 42] [n 49]} (I) LC
• Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus ^{[n 50]} (I) LC
• Black rat, Rattus rattus ^{[n 50]} (I) LC
• Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans ^{[n 23] [n 51]} (I) LC (Hawaiian Islands only)

Leporidae

• European hare, Lepus europaeus ^{[n 52]} (I) LC
• Cape hare, Lepus capensis ^[4] (I) LC
• European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus ^{[n 53]} EN (I)

Cercopithecidae

• Vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus ^{[32] [33] [34] [35] [36]} (I) LC
• Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata ^[37] (I) LC
• Rhesus macaque, Macaca mulatta ^{[n 19] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]} (I) LC

Herpestidae

• Small Indian mongoose, Urva auropunctata ^{[n 23]} (I) (Hawaii) LC

Mustelidae

• Beech marten, Martes foina ^[7] (I) LC

Equidae

• Feral horse, Equus ferus caballus ^{[n 54]} (I)
• Feral donkey (feral burro) Equus africanus asinus ^{[n 55]} (I)

Suidae

• Feral pig or wild boar Sus scrofa ^{[n 56]} (I) LC

Bovidae

• Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia ^{[n 57] [n 58]} (I) VU
• Feral goat, Capra aegagrus hircus ^{[n 59]} (I)
• Bezoar ibex, Capra aegagrus aegagrus ^{[3] [n 60]} (I) LC
• Blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra ^{[n 57] [n 61]} (I) LC
• Nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus ^{[n 57] [n 62]} (I) LC
• Feral cattle, Bos (primigenius) taurus ^{[n 63]} (I)
• Bezoar ibex, Capra aegagrus aegagrus ^{[3] [n 64]} (I) LC
• Siberian ibex, Capra sibirica ^[51] (I) NT
• Mouflon, Ovis aries musimon ^{[n 65]} (I) VU
• Gemsbok, Oryx gazella ^{[3] [n 66]} (I) LC

Cervidae

• Chital, Axis axis ^{[n 57] [n 67]} (I) LC
• Indian hog deer, Axis porcinus ^{[7] [54]} (I) EN
• Sika deer, Cervus nippon ^{[n 57] [45]} (I) LC
• Red deer, Cervus elaphus ^{[n 68]} (I) LC
• European fallow deer, Dama dama ^{[n 57] [45]} (I) LC
• Sambar, Rusa unicolor ^{[n 12] [n 69]} (I) VU

See also

• List of birds of North America
• List of mammals of Mexico
• Mammals of the Caribbean
• List of mammals of Greenland
• List of mammals of Central America
• List of mammals of South America
• Great American Interchange
• List of mammal genera
• Lists of mammals by region
• List of reptiles of North America
• List of amphibians of North America
• List of U.S. state mammals
• List of U.S. state birds
• List of U.S. state reptiles
• List of U.S. state amphibians

Notes

1. 
   Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
2. Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - as Opossum, D. marsupialis (merged Mexican, D. marsupialis and D. virginiana).
3. 
   Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
4. Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - mentioned only in the description of another species as possible split.
5. Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.
6. Texas pocket gopher, Geomys personatus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
   Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] - as 2 distinct species: Texas Pocket Gopher G. personatus and Strecker's Pocket Gopher G. streckeri.
7. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
   Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - described as the nominative species and 1 or 2 additional distinct species.
8. Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002. ^[4]
9. Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) ^[6] and IUCN Red List, ^[7] also probably North American Mammals NMNH SI ^[5] and Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - Dipodomys elephantinus merged with D. venustus as D. venustus elephantinus.
10. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
11. Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - range not clear because described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.
12. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
13. Mexican fox squirrel, Sciurus nayaritensis: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - only as Apache fox squirrel S. apache.
14. Not recognized as a separate species in the Mammal Diversity Database v. 1.10. ^[10]
15. Mexican vole, Microtus mexicanus:
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List ^[7] - M. mexicanus.
    Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002 ^[4] - only M. mogollonensis.
    North American Mammals NMNH SI ^[5] - M. mexicanus listed, but only M. mexicanus mogollensis (Arizona and New Mexico) described in "Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus)" chapter.
    IUCN Red List ^[7] - M. mexicanus sometimes split in two species: M. mexicanus and M. mogollonensis. ^{[14] [15]}
    12 subspecies are recognized, 4 occur in the USA (1991 ^[16] ), Hualapai Mexican vole M. m. hualpaiensis is listed as endangered (E) under the Endangered Species Act. ^{[2] [16]}
16. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
17. Northern collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - as 3 distinct species: Peary Land collared lemming D. groenlandicus, Bering collared lemming D. rubricatus and Victoria collared lemming D. kilangmiutak
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with D. exsul .
18. Nelson's collared lemming, Dicrostonyx nelsoni: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - as 2 distinct species: Nelson's collared lemming D. nelsoni and St. Lawrence Island collared lemming D. exsul.
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] - mentioned only in the description of D. groenlandicus as possible split (D. exsul).
19. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
20. Northern rock mouse, Peromyscus nasutus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - mentioned only in the description of rock mouse, Peromyscus difficilis that P. difficilis was formerly known as P. nasuts, so range is not clear because these species are merged here.
21. Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.
22. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
23. Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
24. Long-tailed shrew, Sorex dispar: IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    
    Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] North American Mammals NMNH SI ^[5]
    - as 2 distinct species: longtail/long-tailed shrew S. dispar and Gaspé shrew S. gaspensis.
25. Gaspé shrew, Sorex gaspensis: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] North American Mammals NMNH SI ^[5]
26. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
27. North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
28. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
29. Southwestern myotis, Myotis auriculus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - mentioned only in the description of long-eared myotis, M. evotis as possible split, occurring in southern N. Mexico.
30. North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
31. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
32. Velvety free-tailed bat: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Kays & Wilson 2002 ^[4] - it is believed that colonies found in buildings in the Florida Keys were members of Molossidae .
33. Prinstine mustached bat: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) ^[6] - possibly Florida.
    Extinct at the end of Pleistocene - in the USA found in Rancholabrean cave deposits in southern Florida (Monkey Jungle Hammock). ^[21]
34. Lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - as southern long-nosed bat L. curasoae (L. yerbabuenae was included ^[22] in L. curasoae as a subspecies ^[23] ).
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - mentioned only in the description of L. nivalis under the junior synonym ^[22] L. sanborni as possible split, so range is not clear here.
35. Margay: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3). ^[6]
    Kays & Wilson 2002: ^[4] last record in Texas from 1852. ^[4]
36. Red fox, Vulpes vulpes: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - as North American V. fulva distinct from the Old World species V. vulpes.
37. Brown bear, Ursus arctos: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - as 2 distinct species: grizzly bear, U. horribilis and Kodiak bear, U. middendorffi, also distinct from the "worldwide" species U. arctos.
38. Wolverine, Gulo gulo: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - as North American G. luscus distinct from the Old World species G. gulo.
39. Least weasel, Mustela nivalis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - as North American M. rixosa distinct from the Old World species M. nivalis.
40. American hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus leuconotus: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Kays & Wilson 2002 ^[4] - as 2 distinct species: eastern hog-nosed skunk C. leuconotus and western hog-nosed skunk C. mesoleucus.
41. Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - as Guadalupe fur seal A. philippi , formerly A. townsendi.
42. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
43. Moose, Alces americanus: North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] - as North American A. americanus (distinct from Eurasian elk A. alces).
    
    Alces alces: IUCN Red List, ^[7] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002. ^[4]
44. Elk, Cervus canadensis: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI ^[5] (species list from the database).
    Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI ^[5] (Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List ^[7] - as "worldwide" C. elaphus (not North American C. canadensis.)
45. Caribou, Rangifer tarandus: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI, ^[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - as 3 distinct species: woodland caribou, R. caribou, barren-ground caribou, R. arcticus and Greenland caribou R. tarandus.
46. Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
47. Pygmy beaked whale: Kays & Wilson 2002: ^[4] one record in North America, Division of Mammals Collections NMNH SI: ^[25] two strandings in California (2001 and 2012).
48. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
49. House mouse: Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
    Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) ^[6] - only general range description.
50. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Kays & Wilson 2002. ^[4]
51. Polynesian rat ^{[29] [30]}
52. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), ^[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
53. European rabbit: Baker et al. 2003. ^[3]
    Kays & Wilson 2002 ^[4] - range not clear (islands on Pacific Coast).
    Introduced to Hawaii. ^[31]
54. Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - Feral horse, Equus caballus, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) ^[6] - Horse Equus ferus - feral.
55. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3). ^[6]
56. Sus scrofa : Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - feral pig or wild boar, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) ^[8] - wild boar (Swine), Kays & Wilson 2002 ^[4] - wild boar, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) ^[6] - wild boar - feral populations, IUCN Red List ^[7] - wild boar - introduced.
57. Baker et al. 2003, ^[3] Kays & Wilson 2002, ^[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), ^[6] IUCN Red List. ^[7]
58. Barbary sheep - free ranging. ^{[44] [45]}
59. Feral goat: Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - goat Capra hircus, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) ^[6] - goat C. hircus - feral populations (USA).
    Goat - free-ranging, Hawaii. ^[46]
60. Bezoar ibex - free-ranging: Florida Mountains near Deming New Mexico. ^[47]
61. Blackbuck - free ranging. ^{[44] [45] [47] [48]}
62. Nilgai - semi-free-ranging ^[44] /free-ranging. ^[45]
63. Feral cattle: Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - domestic cattle Bos taurus, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) ^[6] - aurochs, B. taurus - feral populations.
    For example feral cattle in Hawaii. ^{[49] [50]}
64. Bezoar ibex - free-ranging: Florida Mountains near Deming New Mexico. ^[47]
65. Mouflon: Baker et al. 2003 ^[3] - European mouflon sheep Ovis aries, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) ^[6] - red sheep Ovis aries - mouflon introduced, improved domestic stock feral.
    Feral sheep - free-ranging - Hawaii ^[46] and Texas. ^[52]
66. Gemsbok - free ranging. ^{[53] [47]}
67. Chital - free-ranging. ^[44]
68. Red deer, elaphus division (not canadensis division) - introduced ^[6]
69. Sambar - free ranging. ^[45]

• Species listed in Baker et al. 2003, but omitted in this article: European ferret, Mustela putorius, Himalayan tahr, Hemitragus jemlahicus.

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Further reading

• Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). Mammals of North America . Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN   0-691-07012-1.
• Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN   0-395-91098-6.
• Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice & Clyde Jones (1 December 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). Occasional Papers. Museum of Texas Tech University (229). ISSN   0149-175X . Retrieved 9 March 2014.

External links

• American Society of Mammalogists
• Databases: Division of Mammals: Department of Vertebrate Zoology: NMNH - i.e. printable Field Guide to mammals of North America
• Search the Division of Mammals Collections - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
• Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) - database of mammalian taxonomy
• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Search results: mammalia, North America, 2014-03-29)
• Endangered Species Program - US Fish & Wildlife Service
• Species Search - US Fish & Wildlife Service
• Endangered Species Act - National Marine Fisheries Service - NOAA
• List of Endangered and threatened wildlife - US Government Printing Office