List of birds of North America

Last updated

The first edition of the Check-list of North American Birds of the American Ornithological Society, published in 1886 Checklist of North American birds.pdf
The first edition of the Check-list of North American Birds of the American Ornithological Society, published in 1886

The lists of birds in the light blue box below are divided by biological family. The lists are based on The AOS Check-list of North American Birds of the American Ornithological Society [1] and The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World [2] supplemented with checklists from Panama, Greenland, and Bermuda. It includes the birds of Greenland, Canada, the United States (excluding Hawaii), Mexico, Central America, Bermuda, and the West Indies.

Contents

Taxonomy

The taxonomic treatment [3] (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the accompanying bird lists adheres to the conventions of the AOS's (2019) Check-list of North American Birds, the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North America birds. The AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the Check-list, "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept (BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups" (AOS 2019). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy is an alternative phylogenetic arrangement based on DNA-DNA hybridization.

Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in North America as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to denote certain categories of species:

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild
CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable
NT - Near Threatened, LC - Least Concern
(v. 2019, the data is current as of July 25, 2019

and Endangered Species Act:

E - endangered, T - threatened
XN, XE - experimental non essential or essential population
E(S/A), T(S/A) - endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(including taxa not necessarily found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014

Tinamous

Order: Tinamiformes    Family: Tinamidae

The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), which includes the rheas, emus, and kiwis.

Screamers

Order: Anseriformes    Family: Anhimidae

The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs, and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes.

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Canada goose Branta canadensis DSC03376.JPG
Canada goose

Order: Anseriformes    Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

Guans, chachalacas, and curassows

Black guan, Chamaepetes unicolor Black Guan.jpg
Black guan, Chamaepetes unicolor

Order: Galliformes    Family: Cracidae

The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.

Guineafowl

Helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) Helmeted Guineafowl in the Drakensberg of Natal.jpg
Helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris)

Order: Galliformes    Family: Numididae

Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.

New World quail

California quail Callipepla californica1.jpg
California quail

Order: Galliformes    Family: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Wild turkey Wild turkey.jpg
Wild turkey

Order: Galliformes    Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

Flamingos

Caribbean flamingo Caribbean flamingo10.jpg
Caribbean flamingo

Order: Phoenicopteriformes    Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos (genus Phoenicopterus monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

Grebes

Clark's grebe ClarksGrebe23.jpg
Clark's grebe

Order: Podicipediformes    Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-sized diving birds. They breed on fresh water, but often visit the sea when migrating and in winter. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers; however, their feet are placed far back on their bodies, making them quite ungainly on land.

Pigeons and doves

Inca dove IncaDove.jpg
Inca dove

Order: Columbiformes    Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Sandgrouse

Order: Pterocliformes    Family: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Cuckoos

Black-billed cuckoo BlackbilledCuckoo23.jpg
Black-billed cuckoo

Order: Cuculiformes    Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.

Nightjars and allies

Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor -British Columbia -Canada-8c.jpg
Common nighthawk

Order: Caprimulgiformes    Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.

Oilbird

Order: Steatornithiformes    Family: Steatornithidae

The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the oil palm.

Potoos

Order: Nyctibiiformes    Family: Nyctibiidae

The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.

Swifts

White-throated swift White-throated Swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) in flight.jpg
White-throated swift

Order: Apodiformes    Family: Apodidae

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Hummingbirds

Ruby-throated hummingbird Rubythroathummer65.jpg
Ruby-throated hummingbird

Order: Apodiformes    Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

Rails, gallinules and coots

King rail KingRail23.jpg
King rail

Order: Gruiformes    Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Finfoots

Order: Gruiformes    Family: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.

Limpkin

Limpkin Myakka Limpkin.jpg
Limpkin

Order: Gruiformes    Family: Aramidae

The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large rail, but is skeletally closer to the cranes. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the Caribbean, South America and southern Florida.

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes    Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Stilts and avocets

American avocet AmericanAvocet23.jpg
American avocet

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Oystercatchers

American oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus -Atlantic coast, New Jersey, USA-8 (5).jpg
American oystercatcher

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Lapwings and plovers

Killdeer Killdeer59.jpg
Killdeer

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

Sandpipers and allies

Greater yellowlegs GreaterYellowlegs23.jpg
Greater yellowlegs
Red-necked phalarope Rnphalarope04.jpg
Red-necked phalarope

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Glareolidae

Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.

Skuas and jaegers

Great skua Storkjove.1.jpg
Great skua

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Stercorariidae

Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

Auks, murres and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

A western gull in front of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco Westerngull.JPG
A western gull in front of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco
Ring-billed gull Ring Billed Gull.jpg
Ring-billed gull

Order: Charadriiformes    Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

Sunbittern

Order: Eurypygiformes    Family: Eurypygidae

The sunbittern is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus Eurypyga.

Tropicbirds

Red-billed tropicbird; a few breed on Swan Cay off the Caribbean coast. Phaethon aethereus Little Tobago.jpg
Red-billed tropicbird; a few breed on Swan Cay off the Caribbean coast.

Order: Phaethontiformes    Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans which have exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

Penguins

Order: Sphenisciformes    Family: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.

Loons

Pacific loon PacificLoon24.jpg
Pacific loon

Order: Gaviiformes    Family: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.

Albatrosses

Short-tailed albatross Short tailed Albatross1.jpg
Short-tailed albatross

Order: Procellariiformes    Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

Southern storm-petrels

Wilson's storm-petrel Oceanites oceanicusPCCA20070623-3634B.jpg
Wilson's storm-petrel

Order: Procellariiformes    Family: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes    Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

Shearwaters and petrels

Audubon's shearwater chick, this species breeds on Tiger Cays off the Caribbean coast. Audubon's Shearwater Chick.jpg
Audubon's shearwater chick, this species breeds on Tiger Cays off the Caribbean coast.

Order: Procellariiformes    Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Storks

Wood stork Woodstork17.jpg
Wood stork

Order: Ciconiiformes    Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes    Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black or black and white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Boobies and gannets

Blue-footed booby Nesting bluefoot.jpg
Blue-footed booby

Order: Suliformes    Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Darters

Order: Suliformes    Family: Anhingidae

Darters or anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water.

Cormorants and shags

Double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax-auritus-007.jpg
Double-crested cormorant

Order: Suliformes    Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.

Pelicans

Brown pelican Brown Pelican.jpg
Brown pelican

Order: Pelecaniformes    Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Snowy egret Egretta thula1.jpg
Snowy egret

Order: Pelecaniformes    Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Ibises and spoonbills

American white ibis White Ibis, Venice, FL.jpg
American white ibis

Order: Pelecaniformes    Family: Threskiornithidae

Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.

New World vultures

The California condor is one of North America's most endangered birds. California-condor.jpg
The California condor is one of North America's most endangered birds.

Order: Cathartiformes    Family: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.

Osprey

Osprey Osprey 1.jpg
Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes    Family: Pandionidae

Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.

Hawks, eagles, and kites

American goshawk Goshawkmale66.jpg
American goshawk

Order: Accipitriformes    Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Barn-owls

Barn owl Tyto alba close up.jpg
Barn owl

Order: Strigiformes    Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Owls

Barred owl Barred owl.jpg
Barred owl

Order: Strigiformes    Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Trogons

Cuban trogon Priotelus temnurus -Camaguey, Camaguey Province, Cuba-8.jpg
Cuban trogon

Order: Trogoniformes    Family: Trogonidae

Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide and have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They have compact bodies with long tails and short necks.

Hoopoes

Order: Upupiformes    Family: Upupidae

This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. There are three members of its family. The song is a trisyllabic oop-oop-oop, which gives rise to its English and scientific names.

Todies

Cuban tody Todus multicolor -Ciego de Avila Province, Cuba-8.jpg
Cuban tody

Order: Coraciiformes    Family: Todidae

Todies are a group of small near passerine forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resemble small kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards.

Motmots

Lesson's motmot Blue-crowned Motmot 1.jpeg
Lesson's motmot

Order: Coraciiformes    Family: Motmotidae

The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.

Kingfishers

Belted kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon femelle.jpg
Belted kingfisher

Order: Coraciiformes    Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes    Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

Puffbirds

Barred puffbird Nystalus-radiatus-001.jpg
Barred puffbird

Order: Piciformes    Family: Bucconidae

The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.

Jacamars

Rufous-tailed jacamar ARIRAMBA-DE-CAUDA-RUIVA ( Galbula ruficauda ).jpg
Rufous-tailed jacamar

Order: Piciformes    Family: Galbulidae

The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds.

New World barbets

Order: Piciformes    Family: Capitonidae

The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored.

Toucan-barbets

Order: Piciformes    Family: Semnornithidae

The toucan-barbets are birds of montane forests in the Neotropics. They are highly social and non-migratory.

Toucans

Keel-billed toucan Keel-billed toucan, costa rica.jpg
Keel-billed toucan

Order: Piciformes    Family: Ramphastidae

Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.

Woodpeckers

Red-naped sapsucker RedNapedSapsucker23.jpg
Red-naped sapsucker

Order: Piciformes    Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. (See Life histories ... (1939) by A. C. Bent.)

Falcons and caracaras

American kestrel Americankestrel65.jpg
American kestrel

Order: Falconiformes    Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

African and New World parrots

Green parakeet Green Parakeet -in tree -South Texas-8.jpg
Green parakeet

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.

Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes    Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Sapayoa

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Sapayoidae

The sapayoa is the only member of its family, and is found in the lowland rainforests of Panama and north-western South America. It is usually seen in pairs or mixed-species flocks.

Typical antbirds

Great antshrike Great Antshrike - Male.jpg
Great antshrike

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Thamnophilidae

The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.

Gnateaters

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Conopophagidae

The members of this small family are found across northern South America and into Central America. They are forest birds, usually seen on the ground or in the low understory.

Antpittas

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Grallariidae

Antpittas resemble the true pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.

Tapaculos

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Rhinocryptidae

The tapaculos are small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head.

Antthrushes

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Formicariidae

Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.

Ovenbirds and woodcreepers

Cocoa woodcreeper Cocoa Woodcreeper.jpg
Cocoa woodcreeper

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Furnariidae

Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.

Manakins

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Pipridae

The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects.

Cotingas

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Cotingidae

The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical Central and South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.

Tityras and allies

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Tityridae

Tityridae are suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae, and Cotingidae. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring.

Sharpbill

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Oxyruncidae

The sharpbill is a small bird of dense forests in Central and South America. It feeds mostly on fruit but also eats insects.

Royal flycatcher and allies

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Onychorhynchidae

The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae.

Tyrant flycatchers

Great kiskadee Myiozetetes-similis-001.jpg
Great kiskadee

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

Shrikes

Northern shrike Lanius excubitor 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg
Northern shrike

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Yellow-throated vireo Vireo-flavifrons-001.jpg
Yellow-throated vireo

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.

Crows, jays, and magpies

Clark's nutcracker ClarksNutcracker23.jpg
Clark's nutcracker

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Larks

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Swallows

Purple martin PurpleMartin cajay.jpg
Purple martin

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Penduline-tits

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a family of small passerine birds, related to the true tits. The verdin is the only North American representative of its family.

Long-tailed tits

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Aegithalidae

The long-tailed tits are a family of small passerine birds. Their plumage is typically dull gray or brown in color. There is only one North American representative of this primarily Palearctic family.

Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Wrens

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Gnatcatchers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.

Dippers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Cinclidae

They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. They are unique among passerines for their ability to dive and swim underwater.

Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Pycnonotidae

The bulbuls are a family of medium-sized passerine songbirds native to Africa and tropical Asia. These are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful striking songs.

Kinglets

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Regulidae

The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.

Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Donacobius

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Donacobiidae

The black-capped donacobius is found in wet habitats from Panama across northern South America and east of the Andes to Argentina and Paraguay

Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Muscicapidae

This a large family of small passerine birds found mostly in the Old World. All but two of the species below occur in North America only as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Thrushes and allies

Western bluebird WesternBluebird23.jpg
Western bluebird

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.

Starlings

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Sturnidae

Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.

Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Silky-flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Ptiliogonatidae

The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America. They are related to waxwings, and like that group, have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale-yellow.

Palmchat

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Dulidae

The palmchat is the only member of its family. Its name indicates its strong association with palms for feeding, roosting, and nesting.

Olive warbler

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Peucedramidae

The olive warbler is the only representative of its family. It was formally classified with the Parulidae, but DNA studies warrant its classification in a distinct family.

Accentors

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are small, fairly drab birds with thin sharp bills superficially similar, but unrelated to, sparrows. They are endemic to the Palearctic and only appear in North America as a vagrant.

Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, though some species show variation in color only in the breeding season.

Indigobirds

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Viduidae

The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches

Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds native to the Old World tropics. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.

Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Gray-crowned rosy-finch GreyCrownRosyfinch23.jpg
Gray-crowned rosy-finch

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that have been traditionally grouped with the Emberizeridae (New World sparrows), but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Thrush-tanager

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Rhodinocichlidae

This species was historically placed in family Thraupidae. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Emberizidae

Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family.

New World sparrows

Eastern towhee Eastern Towhee-27527-2.jpg
Eastern towhee

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

Chat-tanagers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Calyptophilidae

These two species were formerly classified as tanagers (family Thraupidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.

Hispaniolan tanagers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Phaenicophilidae

The members of this small family were formerly classified as tanagers and New World warblers (family Parulidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.

Puerto Rican tanager

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Nesospingidae

This species was formerly classified as a tanager (family Thraupidae) but was placed in its own family in 2017.

Spindalises

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Spindalidae

The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. They were formerly classified as tanagers but were placed in their own family in 2017.

Wrenthrush

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Zeledoniidae

Despite its name, this species is neither a wren nor a thrush, and is not closely related to either family. It was moved from the wood-warblers (Parulidae) and placed in its own family in 2017.

Cuban warblers

Oriente warbler Oriente warbler (Teretistris fornsi).JPG
Oriente warbler

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Teretistridae

These two species were formerly placed in the New World warblers (Parulidae) but were moved to their own family in 2017.

Yellow-breasted chat

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

Troupials and allies

Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus 0123.JPG
Red-winged blackbird

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red.

New World warblers

Nashville warbler NashvilleWarbler23.jpg
Nashville warbler

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Parulidae

The wood warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. In August 2011, the North American Committee of the AOS changed their classification of many of the wood warblers. Since this list is based on the AOS classification, changes to scientific names are updated here.

Mitrospingid tanagers

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Mitrospingidae

The members of this small family were previously included in Thraupidae ("true" tanagers). They were placed in this new family in 2017.

Cardinals and allies

Rose-breasted grosbeak RosebreastedGrosbeak08.jpg
Rose-breasted grosbeak

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

Tanagers and allies

Order: Passeriformes    Family: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Check-list of North American Birds (online)". American Ornithological Society. 2019.
  2. ↑ Lepage, Denis. "Bird Checklists of the World - North America". Avibase. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  3. ↑ Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: A Checklist (fifth and supplements up to July, 2005 ed.). Vista, California: Ibis Publishing. ISBN   0-934797-16-1.
  4. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Anhima cornuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22679723A92826187. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  5. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Netta erythrophthalma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22680354A92857172. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  6. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Pipile pipile". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22678401A177972653. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  7. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Leptotila rufaxilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  8. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Chordeiles nacunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22689723A93245296. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  9. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Tachornis squamata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22686751A93125297. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  10. ↑ Lepage, Denis. "Little Swift". Avibase. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  11. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Calliphlox amethystina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22688211A93187412. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  12. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Chlorestes notata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  13. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Chlorostilbon mellisugus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22687313A112399190. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  14. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazilia tobaci". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  15. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Anthracothorax viridigula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22687122A93141043. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  16. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Phaethornis longuemareus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22736557A95137406. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  17. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Chaetocercus jourdanii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22688290A93190560. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  18. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Lophornis ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22687181A130119414. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  19. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazilia brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  20. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Polytmus guainumbi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22687482A93154067. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  21. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Campylopterus ensipennis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22687078A179214927. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  22. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Porzana albicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22692690A93364764. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  23. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma caribbaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22698097A132625182. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698097A132625182.en .
  24. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Ciconia ciconia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697691A86248677. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  25. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Ixobrychus involucris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697294A93606613. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  26. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Trogon viridis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22736238A95128440. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  27. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Trogon violaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T61686959A95175649. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  28. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Momotus bahamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T61634940A95173793. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  29. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Psittacara leucophthalmus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22685682A93083034. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  30. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Sakesphorus canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T103657712A93819991. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  31. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Procnias averano". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22700965A93806811. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  32. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Procnias albus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22700957A93806627. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  33. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Tityra cayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T103676987A93792271. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
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