List of tornadoes in the Philippines

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The Manila tornado, rated EF1, as it moves through Sampaloc, Manila on August 14, 2016. Timelapse of Manila Tornado, 14 Aug 2016.gif
The Manila tornado, rated EF1, as it moves through Sampaloc, Manila on August 14, 2016.

The Philippines experiences an average of 8 tornadoes annually, although most of them are relatively weak and short-lived. It is not uncommon for the country to have tornadoes. The average intensities can range between EF0 and EF2 in the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF Scale), but some are identified as EFU due to insufficient data. Reports of tornadoes have increased since 2009. As of 2024, the highest tornadic activity was recorded in 2022 with a total number of 37 reported tornadoes. [1] These tornadoes tend to be mild compared to the strong tornadoes in the United States. [2] Waterspouts are also a general occurrence in the area, but in some instances, these can classify as a tornado once it reaches land. Most of these tornadoes typically form during the wet season and sometimes accompanied by typhoons.

Contents

Climatology

A tornado, also known locally as buhawi, is a violently rotating column of air that descends from the base of a thunderstorm onto the ground. They typically form during severe thuderstorms or in the right-front quadrant of tropical cyclones, relative to its track with tropical storm intensity. Around half of tropical cylones can produce tornadoes in regions where the air has a brief trajectory over land, paired together with a strong convection. [3]

The country is situated near the equator with a tropical climate, characterized by relatively high temperature, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. It is also located west from the Pacific Ocean, making the country susceptible to natural disasters including typhoons. During the wet season, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts up north into the country. Warm, moist air is pushed upwards into the atmosphere which then cools and condenses into moisture, causing an increase in severe thunderstorms and tropical cyclones. [4] The southwest moonsoon or habagat also influences severe weather as warm, moist air travel towards the northeast portion of the country, causing heavy rainfall. [5]

The Bacolor, Pampanga tornado of June 22, 2023 where it damaged several houses in Barangay Cabalantian. Bacolor, Pampanga tornado, June 2023.png
The Bacolor, Pampanga tornado of June 22, 2023 where it damaged several houses in Barangay Cabalantian.

There are multiple tornado hotspots in the Philippines, with Central Luzon and the Greater Manila Area having the most recorded tornadic activity. Luzon is surrounded by the Zambales Mountain Range to the west and the Sierra Madre Mountain Range to the east which influences atmospheric instability through orographic effect. Manila Bay also contributes with weather conditions by bringing warm, humid air towards the regions. [6] [7] Another tornado hotspot is located in central Mindanao, where tornadoes are heavily concentrated in Cotabato due to a similar effect. [8] The flash rate density in these areas are significantly higher compared to Visayas which only has two known smaller tornado hotspots, specifically in Panay, Negros, and much of the central region. [9] However, it is not yet possible to determine the influence of oscillations on tornado formation due to insufficient data. [1] Some of these tornadoes go unreported due to them being too weak to cause casualties or they touch down on rural areas with little to no population. Although in recent years, reports of tornadoes have increased due to the rise of internet access in the country, primarily through social media and news outlets.

PAGASA, High Radar Echoes (63 dBz) spotted on a doppler weather radar near Metro Manila during the Manila tornado. PAGASA, High Radar Echoes (63 dBz) spotted near Metro Manila at 4,30pm , 14 Aug 2016.jpg
PAGASA, High Radar Echoes (63 dBz) spotted on a doppler weather radar near Metro Manila during the Manila tornado.

The country currently does not have an active tornado alert system in place. The metorological agency, PAGASA, stated that they do not have the capability to set tornado warnings or tornado bulletins yet. [10] Instead, they rely on doppler weather radars and storm chasers on the ground to gather data on tornadoes. The most notable tornado incident is the Manila tornado, where a rare EF1 tornado swept through Metro Manila, caused by heavy monsoon rains. [11] It damaged more than 100 buildings and 2 people were injured. [12] Another notable example is an extremely rare EF2 tornado in Arayat, Pampanga during Typhoon Ewiniar (2024). This tornado reached estimated wind speeds of up to 201 km/h (125 mph), damaging at least 30 homes and 2 school buildings. Fortunately, no one was reported injured from the tornado. [13]

List of tornadoes

This list includes confirmed tornado incidents that had reported casualties.

Pre-2000s

EventDateCityProvinceNo. of TornadoesCasualties
Macabebe–Masantol tornadoJune 13, 1968 Macabebe & Masantol Pampanga 112 fatalities, 42 injured
The tornado formed shortly before midnight and moved through two villages, south of Clark Air Base, Pampanga where it destroyed 40 homes. A total of 8 people died in Macabebe while 4 people died in Masantol. [14] [15]
Malita tornadoJune 3, 1989 Malita Davao Occidental 113 fatalities, 2 missing
A low pressure area located west of Mindanao caused the formation of a tornado. [16] Accompanied by flash flooding, it destroyed 150 homes and 2 bridges. A total of 13 people were killed, four of them were children, including a 9-month old baby. [17] [18]
Manukan tornadoJune 12, 1990 Manukan Zamboanga del Norte 136 fatalities, >100 injured, 44 missing
At around 19:00 local time, a potential EF2 tornado struck through Manukan, more than 16 km away from nearby town, Dipolog. [1] It destroyed 59 houses, mostly made from coconut leaves and carried people, plants, and animals into the sea. [19] At least 36 people were killed, more than 100 people were injured, and 44 people went missing. [20]
Lubang tornadoAugust 12, 1991 Lubang Occidental Mindoro 11 fatality
A total of 10 houses were destroyed, 20 others that are partially damaged, and one person was killed when a tornado struck the town. [21]
Cabanglasan tornadoAugust 16, 1991 Cabanglasan Bukidnon 16 fatalities, 15 missing
The tornado hit four villages, damaging several homes and uprooting trees. A total of 6 people were killed by debris that were flung by the tornado and 15 people went missing, including several children. [21]
Misamis Oriental tornadoJuly 2, 1994near Cagayan de Oro Misamis Oriental 12 fatalities, 11 missing
Four riverside villages near the city of Cagayan de Oro were hit by a tornado, leaving 2 children killed and 11 other people missing. [22]
San Fernando, Pampanga tornadoOctober 16, 1994 San Fernando Pampanga 13 fatalities
A tornado struck an evacuation center filled with people displaced by mudflows from Mount Pinatubo and killed 3 people. [22]
Datu Piang tornadoNovember 29, 1994 Datu Piang Maguindanao del Sur 114 fatalities
Eight farming villages were hit by a tornado during a heavy downpour. At least 160 houses and a school were destroyed, and 14 people went missing and feared dead. [23]
1995 Valencia, Bukidnon tornadoSeptember 29, 1995 Valencia Bukidnon 114 fatalities
A tornado touched down on a hilltop, causing a landslide that buried several families. It destroyed 67 homes and killed 14 people, seven of them were children with the youngest being 2-years old. [24]

2000s

EventDateCityProvinceNo. of TornadoesCasualties
Typhoon Lingling (Nanang) November 6, 2001 Mambajao Camiguin 122 fatalities
The typhoon triggered flash floods and the formation of a tornado that struck the island. Several people died in floods while others were killed after being hit by falling trees and debris. [25]
Sasmuan tornadoMay 11, 2006 Sasmuan Pampanga 11 fatality, 2 injured
Two villages were hit by a tornado at around 21:00 local time, destroying 50 houses and causing a power outage. A person died from a heart attack while two others sustained injuries from flying debris. [26]
2007 Bulacan–Pampanga tornado eventJuly 30, 2007 Baliwag, Bustos, & Candaba respectively Bulacan & Pampanga 22 injured
On July 30, around 16:00 local time, the towns of Baliwag and Bustos in Bulacan were struck by a tornado which lasted over 7-minutes long, where at least 27 houses were damaged in Baliwag, while at least 31 houses were damaged in Bustos. [27] On the same day, another tornado hit nearby Candaba, Pampanga. More than 12 houses were destroyed and 2 people were injured, one of them is a child. [28] [29]
San Rafael, Bulacan tornadoAugust 7, 2007 San Rafael Bulacan 11 injury
The town was struck by a tornado in the early morning, where it destroyed 27 houses and tossed a farmer into a nearby rice field, leaving him with minor injuries. [30] [31]
San Antonio, Zambales tornadoAugust 8, 2007 San Antonio Zambales 11 fatality
The town was hit by a tornado at around 15:00 local time, where at least 12 houses were damaged and a person was killed. [32] [33]
Typhoon Fengshen (Frank) June 21, 2008 Sagay Negros Occidental 11 fatality
During Typhoon Fengshen, a tornado struck the coastal village of Molocaboc, destroying 16 houses and left one person dead. [34]
Palauig tornadoAugust 4, 2008 Palauig Zambales 11 fatality, 14 injured
A tornado overturned a bus on a national highway heading north of Zambales at around 10:00 local time, killing a student and injuring 14 other people. [35]
Tupi, South Cotabato tornadoMarch 16, 2008 Tupi South Cotabato 12 injured
Four farming villages were hit by a tornado at 15:00 local time caused by continuous heavy rainfalls, damaging at least 69 homes and caused a power outage that lasted for several hours. The tornado left 2 people injured from a falling tree and displaced 71 families. [36]
Tropical Storm Nangka (Feria) June 23, 2009 Perez & Can-avid Quezon & Eastern Samar 24 fatalities, 2 injured
Two tornadoes appeared during Tropical Storm Nangka. In Perez, a boat with 15 passengers were hit by a tornado at around 01:00 local time, killing 4 people and injured 2 others. [37] [38] Another tornado hit four villages in Can-avid, damaging 26 houses. [39]
Oton tornadoAugust 10, 2009 Oton Iloilo 120 injured
A tornado struck near an elementary school, injuring 20 pupils. [39]

2010s

EventDateCityProvinceNo. of TornadoesCasualties
Bantayan tornadoAugust 17, 2010 Bantayan Cebu 11 injured
One child was injured when he was hit by a flying galvanized iron sheet that was flung by a tornado. At least 27 houses were also reported damaged. [40] [41]
Argao tornadoAugust 19, 2010 Argao Cebu 12 injured
A couple of days after Bantayan, another tornado struck Argao at around 02:00 local time during a heavy downpour which lasted for two minutes. Around 14 houses were damaged and one person was injured after getting hit by a hard object after her house collapsed. [40] [42]
Tropical Storm Meari (Falcon) June 24, 2011 Quezon City Metro Manila 11 injured
A tornado appeared during Tropical Storm Meari and struck seven villages. Homes had their roofs peeled off, while trees and electric posts were toppled. A total of 30 houses were damaged. [43] [44]
Cagayan de Oro tornadoJuly 29, 2011 Cagayan de Oro Misamis Oriental 120 injured
Two barangays were hit by a tornado at around 16:00 local time, damaging at least 70 houses and injured 20 people, with one of the people got injured from a steel roofing. [45]
2011 Valencia, Bukidnon tornadoSeptember 3, 2011 Valencia Bukidnon 11 fatality, 4 injured
At around 16:30 local time, a tornado hit three barangays and destroyed at least 39 houses. It left 4 people injured and a toddler dead. [46]
Lake Sebu tornadoApril 10, 2012 Lake Sebu South Cotabato 11 fatality, 2 injured
At around 14:30 local time, a strong tornado hits two villages that caused several damaged homes, killed a 12-year-old girl, and 2 others injured. [47] [48]
Pinamungajan tornadoMay 16, 2012 Pinamungajan Cebu 13 injured
At least 68 houses were damaged and 3 people were injured when a tornado struck a barangay in Pinamungajan. [49]
Kabasalan tornadoSeptember 15, 2012 Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay 11 injured
A tornado damaged several houses and buildings, including the town's public market at 03:15 local time, which lasted for 5-minutes. Only one person was confirmed to be injured, caused by a corrugated galvanized iron sheet that was flung, while the actual true number of people injured were undetermined. [50] [51] [52]
Infanta tornadoOctober 25, 2012 Infanta Quezon 11 injured
Four barangays were struck by a tornado, leaving at least 15 houses damaged and a person injured. [53]
Liguasan tornadoMarch 25, 2013 Liguasan Marsh Maguindanao 112 fatalities
A tornado capsized an overloaded boat carrying 18 people as it travelled through the marsh, leaving 12 people dead. [54]
Minglanilla–Talisay tornadoJune 18, 2013 Minglanilla & Talisay Cebu 13 injured
At around 14:00 local time, a potential EF2 tornado first touched down in Minglanilla. [1] It damaged at least 50 houses and an animal feeds factory. The tornado reached estimated wind speed of up to 200 km/h (124 mph) and injured 3 people. [55] At 15:45 local time, the tornado reached Talisay where at least 8 houses were damaged. [56] A day later, Minglanilla was declared under the state of calamity. [57]
Tropical Storm Rumbia (Gorio) June 29, 2013 Jomalig Quezon 14 injured
A total of 42 houses were damaged by the tornado during Tropical Storm Rumbia and four people were injured, including a 2-month old baby. [58] [59]
2013 Cebu tornadoNovember 4, 2013 Olango Island, Lapu-Lapu, Mandaue, Compostela, Danao, & Carmen Cebu 113 injured
At 16:50 local time, a severe thunderstorm was identified in Northern Bohol, heading northwest towards Olango Island. At 19:45 local time, PAGASA recorded wind speeds of around 80 km/h as it heads to the island. [60] The tornado touched down and blew the roof of a chapel, damaged a basketball court, and a barangay hall. As it reached Mactan, Lapu-Lapu, a total of at least 37 buildings were damaged, trees were uprooted, and a few people were injured. At 20:00 local time, the tornado reached Mandaue, a total of 27 houses were damaged and several people were injured. Parkmall, a local shopping mall in Mandaue also sustained some minor damages. [61] [62] It then moved north towards Compostela, where it damaged 3 houses. Meanwhile, in Danao, one person was injured after being hit by debris, while in Carmen, the tornado injured another person after being hit by the steel gate that was carried by strong winds. [63] It was then classified as a potential EF2 tornado. [1]
Midsayap tornadoMay 24, 2014 Midsayap Cotabato 12 fatalities, 1 injury
Several houses were damaged by uprooted trees caused by a tornado that left 2 people dead and a person injured. [64]
Calbayog tornadoJune 27, 2014 Calbayog Samar 13 injured
The tornado hit a barangay and destroyed 85 houses, most were made of light materials. It injured 3 people and around 500 people were affected. [65]
Isabela, Negros Occidental tornadoOctober 22, 2014 Isabela Negros Occidental 12 injured
At around 13:20 local time, a tornado damaged a total of 106 houses, a health center, a public market, and a school which lasted for 15-minutes. [66] Two people were injured. [67]
Zamboanga City tornadoJune 10, 2015 Zamboanga City Zamboanga del Sur 11 injured
The town was hit by a tornado at 19:00 local time, destorying at least 28 homes and injured a person. [68]
Pikit tornadoAugust 13, 2015 Pikit Cotabato 17 injured
The tornado struck several residential communities, leaving 151 houses destroyed. It also destroyed a mosque and a school building. [69] [70]
Manila tornado August 14, 2016 Manila & Quezon City Metro Manila 12 injured
A rare EF1 tornado struck Metro Manila at around 16:30 local time, caused by heavy monsoon rains. As early as 16:00 local time, a severe thunderstorm was spotted over Manila Bay moving east towards the metropolitan area. [11] [12] The tornado first touched down in Baseco Compound and was seen traveling towards Intramuros and Sampaloc, before dissipating in Mariana, Quezon City. [71] [72] It lasted for around 15 minutes where it damaged more than 100 buildings, including the National Press Club in Intramuros, and injured 2 people. [73]
Tampakan tornadoAugust 30, 2016 Tampakan South Cotabato 11 injured
Several houses were destroyed and some agricultural crops were damaged by a tornado. A person was injured when an uprooted tree fell onto a house. [74]
Manapla tornadoDecember 13, 2016 Manapla Negros Occidental 17 injured
More than 80 structures were destroyed including a covered court and a church. 2 people were left injured. [75] [76]
Bacolod tornadoJune 15 & 16, 2017 Bacolod Negros Occidental 219 injured
On June 15, at 19:30 local time, a tornado struck three barangays and destroyed at least 19 houses. [77] A day later, at 20:30 local time, another tornado hit several villages and destroyed 13 houses. Both tornadoes left 19 people injured. [78]
Tropical Storm Kai-tak (Urduja) December 16, 2017 Caibiran Biliran 114 fatalities
At 19:00 local time, torrential rains and a tornado that were brought by the typhoon resulted in a landslide that burried multiple houses and killing 14 people. [79] [80] [81]
Davao City tornadoJuly 22, 2018 Davao City Davao del Sur 12 injured
Over 300 people evecuated and 2 injured after a tornado hit two coastal areas in Davao City and caused damages. [82] [83]
Typhoon Mangkhut (Ompong) September 14, 2018 Marikina Metro Manila 12 injured
At around 17:00 local time, a tornado struck multiple areas in Markina during Typhoon Mangkhut. Multiple structures including Markina Shoe Museum and Kapitan Moy Residence were partially damaged and a century-old tree was uprooted. It left several homes damaged and injured 2 people after being electrocuted by a live wire. [84] [85] [86]
Magalang tornadoJuly 29, 2019 Magalang Pampanga 17 injured
Multiple houses and a school building were damaged by a tornado, leaving 5 students and two others injured after getting hit by fallen debris. [87] [88]
Marogong tornadoAugust 3, 2019 Marogong Lanao del Sur 14 injured
A tornado destroyed 15 houses, a mosque, and a school building. Four students from the school were injured. [89] [90]
Typhoon Phanfone (Ursula) December 25, 2019 Calapan Oriental Mindoro 11 injured
At least 5 homes were damaged as a tornado appeared during Tyhoon Phanfone. A 50-year old local market also suffered major damage inflicted by the tornado. [91] [92]

2020s

EventDateCityProvinceNo. of TornadoesCasualties
Cotabato City tornadoApril 21, 2022 Cotabato City Maguindanao del Norte 11 injured
A total of 60 houses were damaged by a tornado on the riverside. It also damaged multiple pump boats and injured one person. [93]
M'lang tornadoJune 2, 2022 M'lang Cotabato 13 injured
More than 100 houses were damaged and 3 people were injured when a tornado struck several villages during a heavy rainfall. [94]
Iloilo province tornado eventJanuary 3, 2023 Iloilo City, Oton & Lambunao Iloilo 22 injured
At 05:30 local time, a tornado struck the Arevalo district in Iloilo City and nearby Oton, Iloilo where it damaged more than 200 houses and injured 2 people when an uprooted coconut tree hit their house. [95] At 23:00 local time, another tornado hit Lambunao, Iloilo where it damaged 22 houses. [96]
Bacolor tornadoJune 22, 2023 Bacolor Pampanga 11 injured
At around 18:00 local time, a tornado struck two barangays and damaged 32 structures, including a church and a gasoline station. A power outage occured after several trees were toppled. One person was reportedly injured from the incident. [97] [98] [99]
San Juan, Batangas tornadoSeptember 27, 2024 San Juan Batangas 12 injured
The tornado partially damaged a public market and several structures after it hit two baanagays. The incident left 2 people injured in a vehicular accident. [100] [101]
Iloilo City tornadoApril 29, 2025 Iloilo City Iloilo 11 injured
A tornado ripped apart a portion of a hotel's entrance ceiling in Iloilo City and damaged several vehicles, leaving a food delivery rider injured. [102]
Daet tornado September 14, 2025 Daet Camarines Norte 12 fatalities, 2 injured
At around 04:30 local time, a tornado touched down and struck the town. It damaged several houses, uprooted trees, and killed 2 people while 2 others were injured. [103] [104]
Typhoon Ragasa (Nando) September 2025 Santa Maria, Olongapo, Masinloc, & Meycauayan respectively Ilocos Sur, Zambales, & Bulacan 41 injury
Multiple tornadoes were reported during the typhoon, often accompanied by monsoon winds. On September 22, a tornado struck three villages in Santa Maria, Ilocus Sur where it damaged 48 houses. [105] [106] Two days later, three additional tornadoes hit Zambales and Bulacan. At 14:00 local time, a tornado damaged 3 houses and toppled trees in Olongapo, Zambales. [107] Meanwhile in Masinloc, at around 16:00 local time, another tornado tore through a public market. At 16:45 local time, a tornado in Meycauayan, Bulacan damaged 13 houses and scattered multiple debris. A person was injured after falling from a motorcycle due to strong winds. [108]

List of tornadoes with no reported casualties

This list includes confirmed tornado incidents that had no reported casualties but had reported damages.

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also

References

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