| Salani | |
|---|---|
| सलाणी | |
 | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Uttarakhand [1] [2] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | sala1263 |
  Salani Approximate location of the Salani-speaking area in India | |
| Coordinates: 29°55′01″N78°42′36″E / 29.9170°N 78.7101°E | |
Salani is a Garhwali dialect spoken in the Pauri district of Uttarakhand, northern India. [3] [4] [5] G.A. Grierson has described it as "practically the same as Srinagaria". [6]
it is spoken to the South of Rathwali, in the Parganas of Malla, Tallā and Gañgā Salan, in the parganas to the immediate North and in Western portion of Pali pargana of Almora.
Below are the statistics of estimated number of speakers in different regions, as of early 20th century:
| Region | No. of speakers |
|---|---|
| Pauri(British Garhwal) | 207,832 |
| Almora | 15,176 |
| Dehradun | 5000 |
| Saharanpur | 250 |
| Bijnor | 1000 |
| Moradabad | 500 |
Bundeli or Bundelkhandi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India. It belongs to the Central Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Western Hindi subgroup.
Kumaoni is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over two million people of the Kumaon region of the state of Uttarakhand in northern India and parts of Doti region in Western Nepal. As per 1961 survey there were 1,030,254 Kumaoni speakers in India. The number of speakers increased to 2.2 million in 2011.
Garhwali is an Indo-Aryan language of the Central Pahari subgroup. It is primarily spoken by over 2.5 million Garhwali people in the Garhwal region of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas.
Sir George Abraham Grierson was an Irish administrator and linguist in British India. He worked in the Indian Civil Service but an interest in philology and linguistics led him to pursue studies in the languages and folklore of India during his postings in Bengal and Bihar. He published numerous studies in the journals of learned societies and wrote several books during his administrative career but proposed a formal linguistic survey at the Oriental Congress in 1886 at Vienna. The Congress recommended the idea to the British Government and he was appointed superintendent of the newly created Linguistic Survey of India in 1898. He continued the work until 1928, surveying people across the British Indian territory, documenting spoken languages, recording voices, written forms and was responsible in documenting information on 179 languages, defined by him through a test of mutual unintelligibility, and 544 dialects which he placed in five language families. He published the findings of the Linguistic Survey in a series that consisted of 19 volumes.
Ishkashimi is an Iranian language spoken predominantly in the Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan and in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan.
Palpa was the name of a purported language or dialect of western Nepal, apparently associated with Palpa District. A version of the New Testament was published in this language by the Serampore Mission Press in 1827. In a 1916 volume of the Linguistic Survey of India, G.A. Grierson reproduced an extract of this text, with a one-page description of its grammar "more as a curiosity than as evidence of an existing form of speech", as it had been "impossible to check its correctness" due to the absence of other specimens. He considers the language of this text to be a form of Nepali, but with some similarities to the Kumaoni spoken to the west in India.
Ahirwati is an Indo-Aryan dialect of India. It is spoken within the Ahirwal region located to the south-west of the capital Delhi. It belongs to the Rajasthani language group and is commonly taken to be a dialect of Mewati, but in many respects it is intermediate with the neighbouring varieties of Bangru and Bagri, and is especially close to Shekhawati.
The Dhimalish languages, Dhimal and Toto, are a small group of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, and the Jalpaiguri division of West Bengal, India.
Mahasu Pahari is a Western Pahari language spoken in Himachal Pradesh. It is also known as Mahasui or Mahasuvi. The speaking population is about 1,000,000 (2001). It is more commonly spoken in the Himachal Pradesh, Shimla (Simla) and Solan districts. It is to be known that Shimla and Solan were parts of the old Mahasu district. Himachal Pradesh State on 1 September, 1972 reorganised the districts dissolving Mahasu district. The Solan district was carved out of Solan and Arki tehsils of the then Mahasu district and tehsils of Kandaghat and Nalagarh of the then Shimla District of Punjab.
Sirmauri is a Western Pahari language spoken in the Sirmaur district in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Its two main varieties are Dharthi and Giripari.
Jaunsari is a Western Pahari language of northern India spoken by the Jaunsari people in the Chakrata and Kalsi blocks of Dehradun district in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state.
Angika is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken in some parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as in parts of Nepal.
Shahpuri is a Punjabi dialect spoken in the Sargodha Division of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Grierson considered it to be representative of Lahnda, but later opinions have tended to see it as a dialect of Punjabi that is transitional to Saraiki. Its name is derived from former Shahpur District.
Jatki, Jadgali, and other related terms have sometimes been used to refer to one or another of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Balochistan and neighbouring parts of Sindh and Punjab. These terms have their origin in the association between speakers of those languages and either the Jats or, more broadly, other settled agriculturalist communities.
Kishtwari or Kashtwari is a northern Indo-Aryan language closely related to the Kashmiri language, with strong influences from neighboring Western Pahari varieties, spoken in the Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Jaunpuri (जौनपुरी) is a Northern Indo-Aryan dialect spoken in parts of the Garhwal region in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Its speakers are found in the Jaunpur development block in the east of Tehri Garhwal district. Although a separate identity for Jaunpuri has been claimed, it is most commonly considered to be a dialect of Garhwali.
Nagpuria is spoken in the Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under Garhwali, belonging to the Central Pahari group(as per Grierson).
Rathwali(rāṭhavālī) or Rathi is spoken in the Pauri district of Uttarakhand state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under Garhwhali, belonging to the Central Pahari group(as per Grierson) which itself has been classified as a dialect of Hindi. It is also known as Rathi(rāṭhī). It comes under the Indo Aryan family.
Srinagaria is a dialect of Garhwali, belonging to the Central Pahari group. It is primarily spoken in the region around Srinagar in the Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand state and is regarded as the standard form of Garhwali.
Tehriyali or (Gangapariya) or simply is a dialect of Garhwali, belonging to the Central Pahari group. It is mostly spoken in the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand state.
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