Badrinath

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Badrinath
Town
Badrinath Temple- Uttarakhand.jpg
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Badrinath
Location in Uttarakhand, India
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Badrinath
Badrinath (India)
Coordinates: 30°44′38″N79°29′35″E / 30.744°N 79.493°E / 30.744; 79.493
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Uttarakhand
District Chamoli
Area
 • Total
3 km2 (1 sq mi)
Elevation
3,300 m (10,800 ft)
Population
 (2011) [1]
 • Total
2,438
 • Density810/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Hindi [2]
 • Additional official Sanskrit [3] [4]
 • Regional Marchha, Garhwali
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
246422 [5]
Vehicle registration UK 11
Website badrinath-kedarnath.gov.in
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Badrinath
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Char Dham

Badrinath is a town and nagar panchayat in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is a Hindu holy place, and is one of the four sites in India's Char Dham pilgrimage. It is also part of India's Chota Char Dham pilgrimage circuit and gets its name from the Badrinath Temple.

Contents

Etymology

Badrinath derives from the Sanskrit compound Badarīnātha, consisting of the terms badarī (jujube tree) and nātha (lord), an epithet of Vishnu. [6] It is also known as Badarikashrama.

History

In earlier days, pilgrims used to walk hundreds of miles to visit the Badrinath temple. [7] The temple has been repeatedly destroyed by earthquakes and avalanches. As late as the First World War, the town consisted only of the 20-odd huts used by the temple's staff, but the site drew thousands each year and up to 50,000 on its duodecennial festivals (every twelve years). [8] In recent years its popularity has increased still more, with an estimated 600,000 pilgrims visiting during the 2006 season, [9] compared to 90,676 in 1961. [10] The temple in Badrinath is also a sacred pilgrimage site for Vaishnavites. Badrinath is also gateway to several mountaineering expeditions headed to mountains like Nilkantha. [7]

Temple

The Badrinath temple is the main attraction in the town. According to legend, Adi Shankaracharya discovered a black stone image of Lord Badrinarayan made of Shaligram stone in the Alaknanda River. He originally enshrined it in a cave near the Tapt Kund hot springs. [10] [11] In the sixteenth century, the King of Garhwal moved the murti to the present temple. [10] The temple is approximately 50 ft (15 m) tall with a small cupola on top, covered with a gold gilt roof. [10] The facade is built of stone, with arched windows. A broad stairway leads up to a tall arched gateway, which is the main entrance. The architecture resembles a Buddhist vihara (temple), with the brightly painted facade also more typical of Buddhist temples. [12] Just inside is the mandapa, a large pillared hall that leads to the garbha grha, or main shrine area. The walls and pillars of the mandapa are covered with intricate carving. [12] [13]

Legend

According to the Bhagavata Purana, "There in Badrikashram, the supreme being (Vishnu), in his incarnation as the sages Nara and Narayana, had been undergoing great penance since time immemorial for the welfare of all living entities" (Bhagavata Purana 3.4.22).

The Badrinath area is referred to as Badari or Badarikaashram (बदरिकाश्रम) in Hindu scriptures. It is a place sacred to Vishnu, particularly in Vishnu's dual form of Nara-Narayana. Thus, in the Mahabharata, Krishna, addressing Arjuna, says, "Thou wast Nara in a former body, and, with Narayana for thy companion, didst perform dreadful austerity at Badari for many myriads of years." [14] [15]

As per one legend, when the goddess Ganga was requested to descend on earth to help the suffering humanity at the request of Bhagiratha, the earth was unable to withstand the force of her descent. Therefore, the mighty Ganga (Ganges) was split into two holy channels, with Alaknanda as one of them.

Another lore states that the area was full of Badari, a wild berry. Vishnu meditated here and Lakshmi took the form of the Badari tree to provide shade for him from scorching sun. [16]

The mountains around Badrinath are mentioned in the Mahabharata, when the Pandavas were said to have died one by one, when ascending the slopes of a peak in western Garhwal called Swargarohini (literal meaning - the 'Ascent to Heaven'). The Pandavas passed through Badrinath and the town of Mana, 4 km north of Badrinath, on their way to Svarga (heaven). There is also a cave in Mana where Vyasa, according to legend, wrote the Mahabharata. [10]

The area around Badrinath was celebrated in Padma Purana as abounding in spiritual treasures.

This place is considered holy in Jainism as well. In Jainism, Himalaya is also called Ashtapad because of its eight different mountain range Gaurishankar, Kailash, Badrinath, Nanda, Drongiri, Nara-Narayana and Trishuli. Rishabhanatha attained Nirvana on Mount Kailash situated in the Himalayan range and according to Jain faith (Nirvankand), from Badrinath numerous Jain Muni got Moksha by doing Tapsya. According to Shrimadbhagwat, at this place Rishabhdev's father Nabhirai and mother Marudevi had done hard Tapa after Rishabhdev's Rajyabhishek and taken Samadhi. Even today footprint of Nabhirai at Neelkanth mountain attracts everybody towards him. [10]

Geography

Badrinath has an average elevation of 3,100 metres (10,170 feet). It is in the Garhwal Himalayas, on the banks of the Alaknanda River. The town lies between the Nar and Narayana mountain ranges 9 km east of Nilkantha peak (6,596m). Badrinath is located 62 km northwest of Nanda Devi peak and 301 km north of Rishikesh. From Gaurikund (near Kedarnath) to Badrinath by road is 233 km.

According to the Köppen climate system, Badrinath's climate is humid continental (Dfb) bordering a subtropical highland climate (Cfb).

Climate data for Badrinath, Uttarakhand
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)4.3
(39.7)		6.0
(42.8)		10.0
(50.0)		15.0
(59.0)		18.6
(65.5)		20.4
(68.7)		19.1
(66.4)		18.6
(65.5)		17.1
(62.8)		13.7
(56.7)		9.7
(49.5)		6.5
(43.7)		13.2
(55.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)−0.3
(31.5)		1.2
(34.2)		5.0
(41.0)		9.3
(48.7)		12.6
(54.7)		15.0
(59.0)		14.9
(58.8)		14.7
(58.5)		12.6
(54.7)		8.3
(46.9)		4.5
(40.1)		1.5
(34.7)		8.3
(46.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−4.9
(23.2)		−4.6
(23.7)		0.0
(32.0)		3.6
(38.5)		6.7
(44.1)		9.6
(49.3)		10.8
(51.4)		10.8
(51.4)		8.1
(46.6)		3.0
(37.4)		−0.6
(30.9)		−3.4
(25.9)		3.3
(37.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)145.0
(5.71)		139.0
(5.47)		163.0
(6.42)		77.0
(3.03)		54.0
(2.13)		102.0
(4.02)		325.0
(12.80)		312.0
(12.28)		188.0
(7.40)		63.0
(2.48)		45.0
(1.77)		67.0
(2.64)		1,680
(66.15)
Source: [17]

Demographics

As of 2011 Indian Census, Badrinath had a total population of 2,438, of which 2,054 were males and 384 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 68. The total number of literates in Badrinath was 2,265, which constituted 92.9% of the population with male literacy of 95.4% and female literacy of 79.7%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Badrinath was 95.6%, of which male literacy rate was 97.1% and female literacy rate was 86.9%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 113 and 22 respectively. Badrinath had 850 households in 2011. [1]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 "Census of India: Badrinath". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  2. ↑ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 47. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  3. ↑ Trivedi, Anupam (19 January 2010). "Sanskrit is second official language in Uttarakhand". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  4. ↑ "Sanskrit second official language of Uttarakhand". The Hindu. 21 January 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  5. ↑ "Badrinath Pin code". pin-code.net. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  6. ↑ Books, Kausiki (24 October 2021). Skanda Purana: Vaishnava Khanda: Badrinath Kshetra Mahatmya: English Translation only without Slokas. Kausiki Books. p. 13.
  7. 1 2 Wylie, C.G. "Himalayan journal : A PRE-SWISS ATTEMPT ON NILKANTA(1947)". The Himalayan Club. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  8. ↑ EB (1911).
  9. ↑ The Hindu newspaper, 17 November 2006
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nautiyal, Govind Prasad, Call of Badrinath, Shri Badrinath-Kedarnath Temples Committee, 1962.
  11. ↑ Randhir Prakashan, The Holy Places of Uttarakhand Yatra.
  12. 1 2 Sen Gupta, Subhadra, Badrinath and Kedarnath - The Dhaams in the Himalayas, 2002. ISBN   81-7167-617-0
  13. ↑ "Sri Badrinath Perumal temple". Dinamalar. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  14. ↑ Dowson's Classical Dictionary of Hindu mythology
  15. ↑ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p.  75.
  16. ↑ "Shri Badarinath Kedarnath Temple Committee". badrinath-kedarnath.gov.in. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  17. ↑ "BADRINATH CLIMATE". CLIMATE-DATA.ORG. Retrieved 5 May 2020.

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References

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