Garhwali people

Last updated

Garhwali people
Portrait of a couple in a village at Uttarakhand,India.jpg
Regions with significant populations
Garhwal (Uttarakhand, India)
Languages
Garhwali
Religion
Om.svg Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Kumaoni people, Khas people

The Garhwali people are an Indian ethnolinguistic group native to the Garhwal, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, who speak Garhwali, an Indo-Aryan language. [1]

Contents

Etymology

In modern usage, "Garhwali" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, and ancestral or genetic origins is from the Garhwal Himalayas. Their ethnonym is derived from the word 'Garhwal' or 'Gadwal'.

The earliest reference to this region is in the Skanda Purana which called it Kedar Khand and Himvat. It describes the area that contained Gangadwar (Haridwar and Kankhala), Badrinath, Gandhamardan, and Kailash. [2]

History

Garhwal Kingdom

Location of Uttarakhand within India. India Uttarakhand locator map.svg
Location of Uttarakhand within India.
Location of Garhwal in Uttarakhand. Kumaon Garhwal.jpg
Location of Garhwal in Uttarakhand.
Portrait of a couple in a village at Uttarakhand, India Portrait of a couple in a village at Uttarakhand,India.jpg
Portrait of a couple in a village at Uttarakhand, India

The Kingdom of Garhwal was founded by Parmars. The area comprises 52 principalities called garhs (fortresses). These were small and had their own chiefs who were responsible for the welfare of the garhs. The Parmar dynasty ruled the Kingdom until 1803 before the "Gurkhas" invaded Kumaon and Garhwal, driving the Garhwal chief into the plains. For 12 years the Gurkhas ruled the country with an iron rod, until a series of encroachments by them on British territory led to the Anglo–Nepalese War in 1814. [3]

At the termination of the campaign, Garhwal and Kumaon were converted into British districts, while the Tehri principality was restored to a son of the former chief (that is King Pradymun), King Sudarshan Shah. A part of this kingdom was taken by the British, and later, it became known as the British Garhwal which spread over the area of 5,629  mi2 (14,580  km2). After the British rule, Garhwal made rapid development. Two battalions of the Indian army (the 39th Garhwal Rifles) were deployed in the area, stationed at the military cantonment of Lansdowne. Grain was one of the major corps of this area. Apart from this, cloth, while salt, borax, livestock, and wool were imported from Tibet. The administrative headquarters of the area were established at Pauri. Srinagar (Garhwal) was the largest city and served as an important trade center along with the town of Kotdwara which is situated at Oudh and Rohilkhand railway tracks. Later, it became a part of the Punjab Hill States Agency of British India. Most of the Uttarkashi district acceded to the Union of India in 1949.

Garhwali are known for their courage because they were preferred by the British as an army. Garhwali Kingdom was one of the few kingdoms that never came under the Muslim rule influence.

The history of Garhwal is older than that of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Worshipping Lord Shiva is attributing reverent honour and homage to him. According to the great Mahabharata, Garhwal is believed to be the land where the Vedas and the Shastras were made. [4]

Language

The Garhwali language (गढ़वळि भाख/भासा) is primarily spoken by the Garhwali people of the north-western Garhwal Division from the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas. The Garhwali language is classified as a Central Pahari language belonging to the Northern Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. Garhwali is one of the 325 recognised languages of India [5] which is spoken by over 2,267,314 people [6] such as Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar and Rudraprayag districts of Uttarakhand. [7]

The language has many regional dialects including: [8] Srinagari, Tehri (Gangapariya), Badhani, Dessaulya, Lohbya, Majh-Kumaiya, Bhattiani, Nagpuriya, Rathi, Salani (Pauri), Ravai, Parvati, Jaunpuri, Gangadi (Uttarkashi), Chandpuri. Srinagari dialect is the literary standard, while Pauri is generally regarded as the prominent one.

However, for a number of reasons, Garhwali is a rapidly shrinking language. The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages book authored by "Theo Baumann" has described Garhwali language one of the moribund languages that needs to be protected. [9]

Local deities

Chota Char Dham
Yamunotri temple and ashram.jpg
Yamunotri
Gangotri (ganga river).jpg
Gangotri
Kedarnath Temple.jpg
Kedarnath
Badrinath Temple , Uttarakhand.jpg
Badrinath
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Chandrabadni Devi Temple is located in Tehri Garhwal. The temple can be reached either from 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long rout Kandikhal to Srinagar-Tehri or 9 kilometres (5.6 mi)) long Jamnikhal en route Dev Prayag-Tehri via a link road of Jurana. It can also be reached via (1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi)) long bridle path.

The temple administration body organises several annual events including cultural and religious seminars. [10]

Rudraprayag
Umranarayan.jpg
Umra Narayan Koteshwar Mahadev
Dhari Devi.jpg Kalimathmaa.jpg
Dhari Devi Kalimath

Umra Narayan is situated between the mystic and peaceful hills of Rudraprayag where "Devine" temple of Lord Umra Narayan (Isth Dev of gram sann) is located. According to mythology, this temple was built during the time of Adi Shankracharya, and is believed that it was constructed by Adi Shankracharya when he was on his way to Lord Badrinath's temple. The temple has been now renovated and is 5–7 kilometres (3.1–4.3 mi) away from the central city of Rudraprayag.

It is also believed that most of the "Isth Devas" in the Garhwal region are the incarnation of "Lord Vishnu" (Narsingh Dev Ji), and sometimes even the incarnation of "Vishnu" itself.

Koteshwar Mahadev is located about three kilometres inside the 'heart' of Rudraprayag, Koteshwar Mahadev temple. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This place is presumed to be the same spot where Lord Shiva was stopped for meditation where he was on his way to Kedarnath. According to local mythology, this temple has its presence since the time of Bhasmasur (the Deadly Asur/demon), who received a boon from "Shiva" that turned a head into Bhasma or ashes whenever he touched with boon to anyone's head. Lord Shiva accompanied by another one reached to a cave which was the home of Lord Shiva, and finally lord "Vishnu" helped him by killing the demon. The temple is filled with fantastic energy/aura, and one can feel it. Few drops of water are continually running through the hill.

Dhari Devi temple of "Dhari Devi" is situated on the banks of the river Alaknanda. One has to travel 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Srinagar (Pauri Garhwal) on Srinagar-Badrinath highway to Kaliya Saur, and then turn down where one has to travel half of a kilometre towards Alaknanda river. The upper part of Goddess "Kali" is worshipped here. According to the local people, the face of the idol changes as a girl, a woman, and an old lady according to the passage of time. This idol is located in an open area. Many times, villagers and some philanthropists tried to build a roof for Goddess, but their efforts returned empty handed as the roof gets dismantle every time. As per "Srimad Devi Bhagwat", there are 108 Shakta pithas as in India, and this is one of them.

Kalimath , also known as "Kaviltha", is a village which is regarded as a divine place and Shakta pitha. It lies at an altitude of around 6,000 feet (1,800 m) (1,800 m) on the river Saraswati in the Himalayas, surrounded by the peaks of Kedarnath in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. Kalimath is situated close to Ukhimath and Guptakashi. It is one of the "Siddha Peeths" of the region and is regarded a respectful place with religious importance. The temple of the goddess Kali is located in this village and is visited by many devotees throughout the year, especially during the "Navratras". There are 108 Shakta pithas in India, and this is one of them as described in the "Srimad Devi Bhagwat". The upper part of goddess Kali is worshipped in "Dhari Devi". Goddess Kali killed the demon "Raktavija" here in this area. After killing the demon, they went under the earth. Usually they have their own pantheon consisted of rural deities who are worshipped through Jagar (ritual), these deities include Narsingh, Bhairav, Nagaraja (Nagaraja is believed to be form of Krishna according to local legends), Pandav and Draupadi etc. This pantheon was headed by Durga and Mahadev, who is referred to by many names such as Bhagwati, Surkanda, Kali, Bhavani, Nanda etc. They also worship their ancestors who were locally known as Bhumiyal, which literally means guardians of Land each and every Garhwali villages have their own Bhumiyal they are worshipped in a small stone made shrine known as Thaan where they are represented by small rocks placed inside the thaan. Usually during the crops were offered to Bhumiyal as a way to thanking them for protecting the village.

Notable people

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Art

Social work and activism

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Historical figures

Religion

Science and academics

Indian Armed Forces

Gallantry award recipients

Prominent names

Bureaucracy

Judiciary

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Business and industry

Sports

Mountaineering

Mixed Martial Arts

Shooting

Chess

  • Parimarjan Negi (third-youngest chess grand-master in history, Arjuna Award 2010)

Athletics

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Journalism and literature

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garhwal division</span> Administrative division in India

Garhwal is one of the two administrative divisions of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Lying in the Himalayas, it is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Kumaon, on the south by Uttar Pradesh state, and on the northwest by Himachal Pradesh state. It includes the districts of Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar, Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag, Tehri Garhwal, and Uttarkashi. The people of Garhwal are known as Garhwali and speak the Garhwali language. The administrative center for Garhwal division is the town of Pauri. The Divisional Commissioner is the administrative head of the Division, and is a senior Indian Administrative Service officer. As the administrative head of the division, the Commissioner is overall incharge of the 7 districts in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, and is aided in his duties by an additional commissioner and the district magistrates. Sushil Kumar is the divisional commissioner of the Garhwal Division since December 2021.

New Tehri is a city and a municipal board in Tehri Garhwal District in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is the administrative headquarters of Tehri Garhwal District. This urban municipality area has 11 wards, from Vidhi Vihar to Vishwakarma Puram.

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References

  1. ↑ Anup Chandola (2000). Discovering Brides. Writers Club Press. p. 28. ISBN   978-0595099009.
  2. ↑ Rawat, Ajay S. Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective.
  3. ↑ Negi, Thakur; Semwal, Shailendra (27 May 2017). "VIDEO: गढ़वाल रियासत के वीर योद्धा का समाधि स्थल बदहाल". Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  4. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "Kingdom that Mughals could never win". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  5. ↑ "India languages". We make learning fun. Hindikids. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  6. ↑ "Census of India - Statement 1". 6 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  7. ↑ Claus-Peter Zoller (March 1997). "Garhwali. A language of India". Ethnologue . Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  8. ↑ "Garhwali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  9. ↑ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". UNESCO . Retrieved 14 May 2013. Search 'Garhwali'
  10. ↑ "Chandrabadni Devi Temple". euttaranchal.com. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  11. ↑ "Dehradun's Manish to represent India in Japan's Asian Walking Championship 2017 - Himalayan Buzz". Himalayan Buzz. 12 February 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  12. ↑ "Pawan Suyal Profile". NDTV . Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  13. ↑ "7 Popular Cricket Players from Uttarakhand - Himalayan Buzz". Himalayan Buzz. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
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