| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 538 (ancestry and ethnic origin; 2000 Census) [1] 2,910 (Sammarinese-born, 2014) [2] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| New York City and Michigan (Detroit and Troy) | |
| Languages | |
| English, Italian, Romagnol | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity (Roman Catholicism) [3] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Italian Americans |
Sammarinese Americans (Italian : Americani sammarinesi) are Americans of Sammarinese descent.
The largest Sammarinese-American communities are in Michigan, mostly in the cities of Troy and Detroit. [4] Sammarinese immigrants in Troy established institutions such as the San Marino Club and Re Monti Stentorian. [5] [6]
Until the early twentieth century, few people from San Marino emigrated to the United States. However, the number of Sammarinese immigrants in the US increased significantly, with most emigrating to the United States to escape poverty, carrying with them expectations of social and economic improvement.
Most of the immigrants who arrived after the First World War emigrated because they had relatives there, and acquired jobs through them. Between those years, the United States imposed several restrictive laws against immigration, such as the Quota Act (promulgated in 1921), which regulated the entry of immigrants by limiting their numbers by quota (the number of allowed immigrants from San Marino to US was at maximum 100). In the first Quota Act, Sammarinese migrants were counted in the Italian quota, however after 1924 San Marino was recognized as an independent European state.
The immigrants had to undergo medical examinations to verify physical and mental fitness. This set of obligations and limits together with the effects of the 1929 crash, reduced the number of Sammarinese emigrants. During these years, most Sammarinese emigrated to New York City and Detroit, as well as Sandusky, Ohio. Most Sammarinese then worked as dishwashers and tilers. In addition, Sammarinese women began to work out of their homes from the 50s and 60s as textile workers, working in both the factory and home. [7]
On September 3, 1929 the newspaper San Marino in New York, bringing news of that country, was first published. Several migrant associations of San Marino in the United States that aimed to help their compatriots in various aspects of their lives: the mortgage, illness, care among members and families, and maintaining traditions. Sammarinese associations include San Marino Social Club, founded in 1938 in Troy, and the San Marino Community of New York. [7]
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Romanian Americans are Americans who have Romanian ancestry. According to the 2017 American Community Survey, 478,278 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry, however other sources provide higher estimates, which are most likely more accurate, for the numbers of Romanian Americans in the contemporary United States; for example, the Romanian-American Network supplies a rough estimate of 1.2 million who are fully or partially of Romanian ethnicity. There is also a significant number of people of Romanian Jewish ancestry, estimated at 225,000.
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Finnish Americans comprise Americans with ancestral roots in Finland, or Finnish people who immigrated to and reside in the United States. The Finnish-American population is around 650,000. Many Finnish people historically immigrated to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the Iron Range of northern Minnesota to work in the mining industry; much of the population in these regions is of Finnish descent.
Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch and Flemish descent whose ancestors came from the Low Countries in the distant past, or from the Netherlands as from 1830 when the Flemish became independent from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands by creating the Kingdom of Belgium. Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam, which was exchanged with the English for Suriname at the Treaty of Breda (1667) and renamed New York City. The English split the Dutch colony of New Netherland into two pieces and named them New York and New Jersey. Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries.
The Italian diaspora is the large-scale emigration of Italians from Italy. There were two major Italian diasporas in Italian history. The first diaspora began around 1880, two decades after the Unification of Italy, and ended in the 1920s to the early 1940s with the rise of Fascist Italy. Poverty was the main reason for emigration, specifically the lack of land as mezzadria sharecropping flourished in Italy, especially in the South, and property became subdivided over generations. Especially in Southern Italy, conditions were harsh. From the 1860s to the 1950s, Italy was still a largely rural society with many small towns and cities having almost no modern industry and in which land management practices, especially in the South and the Northeast, did not easily convince farmers to stay on the land and to work the soil.
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The Romanian diaspora is the ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova. The concept does not usually include the ethnic Romanians who live as natives in nearby states, chiefly those Romanians who live in Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Therefore, the number of all Romanians abroad is estimated at 4–12 million people, depending on one's definition of the term "Romanian" as well as the inclusion respectively exclusion of ethnic Romanians living in nearby countries where they are indigenous. The definition of "who is a Romanian?" may range from rigorous conservative estimates based on self-identification and official statistics to estimates that include people of Romanian ancestry born in their respective countries as well as people born to various ethnic-minorities from Romania. As of 2015/16, over 97% of Romanian emigrants resided in OECD countries; and about 90% of Romanian emigrants in OECD countries lived in Europe, with the most common country of residence being Italy. The vast majority of Romanian emigrants are based in just ten countries, with the most common countries being Italy, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, United States, Hungary, France and Canada.
Albanian Americans are Americans of full or partial Albanian ancestry and heritage in the United States. They trace their ancestry to the territories with a large Albanian population in the Balkans and southern Europe, including Albania, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Montenegro. They are adherents of different religions and are predominantly Muslims and Christians, while some are irreligious.
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Lithuanian Americans refer to American citizens and residents of Lithuanian descent or were born in Lithuania.
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Maltese Americans are Americans with Maltese ancestry.
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San Marino competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1960, Sammarinese athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except for a single occasion. San Marino failed to register any athletes at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Emigration from Malta or the Maltese diaspora consists of Maltese people and their lineal descendants who emigrated from Malta. It was an important demographic phenomenon throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, leading to the creation of large diaspora’s concentrated in English-speaking countries such as Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and the United States.
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