Sequoiadendron

Sequoiadendron Temporal range: Santonian– Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Trees in Sequoia National Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnospermae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Cupressales
Family:	Cupressaceae
Subfamily:	Sequoioideae
Genus:	Sequoiadendron J.Buchholz
Type species
Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindley) J.Buchholz
Species
S. giganteum (Lindl.) J.Buchholz † S. chaneyi † S. tchucoticum
Synonyms [1]
Sequoiadendron synonymy Americus Hanford, rejected name SteinhaueraC.Presl1838, not Goepp. 1835 (Altingiaceae) WashingtoniaWinslow1854, rejected name, not H. Wendl. 1879 (Arecaceae) not Raf. ex J.M. Coult. & Rose 1900 (Apiaceae) WellingtoniaLindl. 1853, illegitimate homonym, not Meisn. 1840 (Sabiaceae)

Sequoiadendron is a genus of evergreen trees, with three species, only one of which survives to the present: ^[1]

• Sequoiadendron giganteum , extant, commonly known as wellingtonia, giant redwood and giant sequoia, ^[2] growing naturally in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California ^[3]
• † Sequoiadendron chaneyi , the predecessor of Sequoiadendron giganteum, found mostly in the Nevada area of the Tertiary Colorado Plateau until the late Miocene ^[4]
• † Sequoiadendron tchucoticum Late Cretaceous; Enmyvaam River Basin, Russia ^[5]

Fossil record

Sequoiadendron chaneyi foliage fossil, Nevada, United States

Sequoiadendron fossil pollen and macrofossils may have been found as early as the Late Cretaceous ^[5] and throughout the Northern Hemisphere, ^[6] including locations in western Georgia in the Caucasus region. ^[7]

References

1. "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
2. "Wellingtonia – Sequoiadendron giganteum". NatureSpot. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
3. "2013 county distribution map". Biota of North America.
4. Axelrod, Daniel L. (1959). "Late Cenozoic evolution of the Sierran Bigtree forest". Evolution. 13 (1): 9–23. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb02990.x . JSTOR   2405942.
5. A. B. Sokolova; M. G. Moiseeva (2016). "A New Species of the Genus Sequoiadendron Buchholz (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Enmyvaam River Basin, Central Chukotka" . Paleontological Journal. 50 (1): 96–107. doi:10.1134/S003103011601010X. S2CID   129990538.
6. Chaney, Ralph W (1950). "A Revision of Fossil Sequoia and Taxodium in Western North America Based on the Recent Discovery of Metasequoia". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 40 (3): 188. doi:10.2307/1005641. JSTOR   1005641.
7. Shatilova, Irina; Mchedlishvili, Nino; Rukhadze, Luara; Kvavadze, Eliso (2011). The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia. Tbilisi: Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology. ISBN   978-9941-9105-3-1.