Nageia

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Nageia
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Recent
Podocarpus nageia SZ137.png
Nageia nagi [1]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnosperms
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Podocarpaceae
Genus: Nageia
Gaertn. 1788 not Roxb. 1832 (syn of Putranjiva in Putranjivaceae) [2]
Type species
Nageia nagi
Synonyms [3]

Decussocarpusde Laub.

Nageia is a genus of conifers belonging to the podocarp family Podocarpaceae. [4] Nageia includes evergreen shrubs and trees, from one to 54 meters in height. A 2009 treatment of the genus recognized five species. [5] Some authors consider Nageia formosensis to be a separate species from Nageia nagi, thus recognizing six species. The podocarp genera have been reshuffled by various botanists. Most recently, several species formerly classed as Nageia were moved to the new genus Retrophyllum , while Nageia falcata and Nageia mannii were moved to the new genus Afrocarpus .

Contents

Description

Nageia are evergreen woody plants that usually grow as trees but may also rarely be shrubs, varying in height from one to 54 meters. [6] The branching is irregular. [7] The thin and hard bark often peels with scale-like plates. [7]

The leaves are simple and flat. The phyllotaxis or leaf arrangement can be spiral or subopposite and nearly decussate. [7] [8] The leaf petioles are frequently twisted so the leaves form a flat plane around the shoot. [6] [7] The leaf blade is elliptic, ovate-elliptic or lanceolate in shape. [6] [7] Juvenile leaves are similar in shape to the adult leaves but may be larger or smaller depending on the species. [8] The leaves have multiple parallel longitudinal veins converging toward the ends. Stomata may be found on either both surfaces of the leaf or only the abaxial or underside. The leaf surface is coriaceous. [7]

Nageia are generally dioecious, with male pollen cones and female seed cones borne on separate individual plants but may sometimes be monoecious. The cones are pedunculate and develop from axillary buds. [7] [8]

The pollen cones are long and ovoid-cylindric in shape. They may be solitary or grow in small spicate groups of two to six cones. [7] [8] Each pollen cone has numerous spirally inserted microsporophylls. The microsprophylls may be triangular or apiculate in shape. Each of them has two basal pollen sacs with bisaccate pollen. [7]

The seed cones are solitary and have long peduncles. They have several sterile and one or rarely two fertile scales, each fertile scale with one seed producing ovule. [7] Depending on the species, as the cone matures, the sterile scales may fuse and become fleshy as in the closely related Podocarpus or they may wither. [7] [8] A part of the cone scale supporting the ovule develops into a drupe-like fleshy covering known as the epimatium. [6] [7] The fleshy parts of the cones attract birds, which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. [9]

The species of Nageia are distinguished from similar Podocarpus and the other genera in the Podocarpaceae by their broad, flat subopposite leaves with no midrib, superficially similar to those of the unrelated Agathis (Araucariaceae). Nageia is the only genus in Podocarpaceae with multi-veined leaves.

Distribution

Nageia can be found in the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests of Asia and Australasia, from Assam in eastern India across Southeast Asia to southern China and southern Japan, and across Malesia, from the Malay peninsula across Indonesia to New Guinea and New Britain. [3] An outpost of N. wallichiana is found in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests of southern India, where it is thought to be a relatively recent colonist in biogeographical terms.

Nageia, like many podocarps, can usually be found scattered throughout the forest mixed with other trees, and is rarely if ever found growing in pure stands. The wood is yellowish, typical of podocarps, and a few species are locally important for lumber.

The oldest fossils of the genus are known from the Early Cretaceous of Japan, China and Russia. [10]

Classification

The genus contains six species: [3] [7]

ImageScientific nameDistribution
Nageia fleuryi - Chang Xie Zhu Bo .jpg Nageia fleuryi S China, E Indochina
Nageia formosensis Taiwan
Nageia maxima Sarawak
Nageia motleyi S Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
Nageia nagi kz5.jpg Nageia nagi S China (incl. Hainan), Kyushu in Japan, Taiwan
Gardenology.org-IMG 8126 qsbg11mar.jpg Nageia wallichiana SW India; widespread from Assam + Yunnan to Maluku
formerly included [3]

moved to other genera: Acmopyle Afrocarpus Amentotaxus Cephalotaxus Dacrycarpus Dacrydium Falcatifolium Madhuca Parasitaxus Podocarpus Prumnopitys Putranjiva (Putranjivaceae) Retrophyllum Sundacarpus

  1. N. acutifolia — Podocarpus acutifolius
  2. N. affinis — Podocarpus affinis
  3. N. alpina — Podocarpus lawrencei
  4. N. amara — Sundacarpus amarus
  5. N. andina — Prumnopitys andina
  6. N. angustifolia — Podocarpus parlatorei
  7. N. appressa — Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
  8. N. argotaenia — Amentotaxus argotaenia
  9. N. aristulata — Podocarpus angustifolius
  10. N. beccarii — Dacrydium beccarii
  11. N. bracteata — Podocarpus bracteatus
  12. N. chilina — Podocarpus salignus
  13. N. chinensis — Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
  14. N. comptonii — Retrophyllum comptonii
  15. N. coriacea — Podocarpus coriaceus
  16. N. corrugata — Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
  17. N. costalis — Podocarpus costalis
  18. N. cumingii — Dacrycarpus cumingii
  19. N. cupressina — Dacrycarpus imbricatus
  20. N. curvifolia — Prumnopitys montana
  21. N. dacrydioides — Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
  22. N. discolor — Podocarpus neriifolius
  23. N. drouyniana — Podocarpus drouynianus
  24. N. elata — Podocarpus elatus
  25. N. elongata — Podocarpus elongatus
  26. N. endlicheriana — Podocarpus neriifolius
  27. N. ensifolia — Podocarpus spinulosus
  28. N. eurhyncha — Sundacarpus amarus
  29. N. excelsa — Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
  30. N. falcata — Afrocarpus falcatus
  31. N. falciformis — Falcatifolium falciforme
  32. N. ferruginea — Prumnopitys ferruginea
  33. N. flagelliformis — Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
  34. N. glomerata — Podocarpus glomeratus
  35. N. gnidioides — Podocarpus gnidioides
  36. N. hallii — Podocarpus cunninghamii
  37. N. insignis — Amentotaxus argotaenia
  38. N. japonica (Siebold ex Endl.) Kuntze 1891 not Gaertn. 1788 - Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
  39. N. kirkiana — Podocarpus acutifolius
  40. N. koraiana — Cephalotaxus harringtonii
  41. N. laeta — Podocarpus spinulosus
  42. N. lambertii — Podocarpus lambertii
  43. N. latifolia (Thunb.) Kuntze 1891 not Gordon 1858 - Podocarpus latifolius
  44. N. leptostachya — Podocarpus neriifolius
  45. N. macrophylla — Podocarpus macrophyllus
  46. N. macrostachya — Podocarpus oleifolius
  47. N. madagascariensis — Podocarpus madagascariensis
  48. N. mannii — Afrocarpus mannii
  49. N. mannii var. dawei — Afrocarpus dawei
  50. N. mannii var. usambarensis — Afrocarpus usambarensis
  51. N. meyeriana — Afrocarpus falcatus
  52. N. minor — Retrophyllum minus
  53. N. montana — Prumnopitys montana
  54. N. neglecta — Podocarpus neriifolius
  55. N. neriifolia — Podocarpus neriifolius
  56. N. nivalis — Podocarpus nivalis
  57. N. novae-caledoniae — Podocarpus novae-caledoniae
  58. N. nubigena — Podocarpus nubigenus
  59. N. oleifolia — Podocarpus oleifolius
  60. N. palembanica — Madhuca palembanica
  61. N. pancheri — Acmopyle pancheri
  62. N. parvifolia — Podocarpus lawrencei
  63. N. piresii — Retrophyllum piresii
  64. N. polystachya — Podocarpus polystachyus
  65. N. purdieana — Podocarpus purdieanus
  66. N. putranjiva — Putranjiva roxburghii
  67. N. rospigliosii — Retrophyllum rospigliosii
  68. N. rumphii — Podocarpus rumphii
  69. N. salicifolia — Podocarpus salicifolius
  70. N. sellowii — Podocarpus sellowii
  71. N. spicata — Prumnopitys taxifolia
  72. N. spinulosa — Podocarpus spinulosus
  73. N. sprucei — Podocarpus sprucei
  74. N. taxoides — Falcatifolium taxoides
  75. N. tenuifolia — Dacrycarpus vieillardii
  76. N. teysmannii — Podocarpus teysmannii
  77. N. thevetiifolia — Podocarpus polystachyus
  78. N. thunbergii — Podocarpus latifolius
  79. N. totara — Podocarpus totara
  80. N. usta — Parasitaxus ustus
  81. N. valdiviana — Prumnopitys andina
  82. N. vieillardii — Dacrycarpus vieillardii
  83. N. vitiensis — Retrophyllum vitiense

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<i>Podocarpus</i> Genus of conifers in the family Podocarpaceae

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<i>Prumnopitys</i> Genus of conifers

Prumnopitys is a genus of conifers belonging to the family Podocarpaceae. The nine recognized species of Prumnopitys are densely branched, dioecious evergreen trees up to 40 metres in height.

<i>Podocarpus macrophyllus</i> Species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae

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<i>Sundacarpus</i> Single-species genus of conifers

Sundacarpus is a monotypic genus of conifers containing a single species Sundacarpus amarus, belonging to the family Podocarpaceae. Sundacarpus was designated a genus by C.N.Page in 1989; formerly it had been classified variously as a species of Podocarpus or of Prumnopitys.

<i>Dacrycarpus dacrydioides</i> Coniferous tree endemic to New Zealand

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, commonly known as kahikatea and white pine, is a coniferous tree endemic to New Zealand. A podocarp, it is New Zealand's tallest tree, gaining heights of 60 m and a life span of 600 years. It was first described botanically by the French botanist Achille Richard in 1832 as Podocarpusdacrydioides, and was given its current binomial name Dacrycarpus dacrydioides in 1969 by the American botanist David de Laubenfels. Analysis of DNA has confirmed its evolutionary relationship with other species in the genera Dacrycarpus and Dacrydium.

<i>Prumnopitys andina</i> Species of conifer

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<i>Retrophyllum</i> Genus of conifers

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<i>Afrocarpus mannii</i> Species of conifer

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Amentotaxus hatuyenensis is a species of conifer in the yew family, Taxaceae. It is endemic to Vietnam.

<i>Nageia nagi</i> Species of plant

Nageia nagi, the Asian bayberry, is plant species in the family Podocarpaceae named by Carl Peter Thunberg. Nageia nagi is native to China, Japan, and Taiwan. It was formerly called Podocarpus nagi.

<i>Nageia wallichiana</i> Species of conifer

Nageia wallichiana is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is a tree 10–54 m high, found in Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Nageia wallichiana is the most widely distributed species among the seven species in the genus Nageia. If the land areas of China and Japan are excluded, its distribution nearly coincides with that of the genus and includes both the western outliers in India and the easternmost part on Normanby Island. It is one of the most extensive conifer ranges recognized and is similar to Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Podocarpus neriifolius.

<i>Retrophyllum rospigliosii</i> Species of conifer

Retrophyllum rospigliosii is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is a large evergreen tree native to the montane rainforests of Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia in South America.

References

  1. ↑ illustration from Flora Japonica, Sectio Prima (Tafelband). 1870 by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini
  2. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Nageia Roxb.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Famiiles, Nageia Gaertn.
  4. ↑ Christopher N. Page. 1990. "Podocarpaceae" pages 332-346. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN   978-0-387-51794-0
  5. ↑ James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. Conifers of the World. Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA. ISBN   978-0-88192-974-4.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Earle, Christopher J. (2012). "Nageia". The Gymnosperm Database, conifers.org. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Farjon, Aljos (2010). A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Leiden: Brill. p. 518. ISBN   9789004177185.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Nageia". eFloras: Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 1999. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  9. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 79 竹柏属 zhu bai shu Nageia Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 191. 1788.
  10. ↑ Liu, Xiao-Yan; Gao, Qi; Jin, Jian-Hua (July 2015). "Late Eocene leaves of Nageia (section Dammaroideae ) from Maoming Basin, South China and their implications on phytogeography: Late Eocene Nageia section Dammaroideae from South China". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (4): 297–307. doi:10.1111/jse.12133. S2CID   83810731.
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