Thomas Indian School

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Thomas Indian School
Thomas Indian School Admin Bldg 1983.jpg
Thomas Indian School Administration Building, 1981
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LocationNY 438 on Cattaraugus Reservation, Irving, New York
Coordinates 42°32′22″N78°59′48″W / 42.53944°N 78.99667°W / 42.53944; -78.99667
Built1900
Architectural styleGeorgian Revival
NRHP reference No. 73001188 [1]
Added to NRHPJanuary 25, 1973

Thomas Indian School, also known as the Thomas Asylum of Orphan and Destitute Indian Children, is a historic school and national historic district located near Irving at the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation in Erie County, New York. The institution was first established in 1855 by missionaries Asher Wright and his wife Laura Wright to house the orphaned and kidnapped Seneca children of the reservation under the federal policy of forced assimilation. [2] The complex was built in about 1900 by New York State as a self-supporting campus. Designed by the New York City firm Barney and Chapman, the campus contains the red brick Georgian Revival style main buildings and a multitude of farm and vocational buildings. [3]

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. [1]

Numerous works address the stories of former residents of Native American boarding schools in Western New York and Canada, such as Thomas Indian School, Mohawk Institute Residential School (also known as Mohawk Manual Labour School and Mush Hole Indian Residential School) in Brantford, Southern Ontario, Haudenosaunee boarding school, and the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania; the impact of those and similar schools on their communities; and community efforts to overcome those impacts. Examples include: the film Unseen Tears: A Documentary on Boarding School Survivors, [4] Ronald James Douglas' graduate thesis titled Documenting ethnic cleansing in North America: Creating Unseen Tears, [5] and the Legacy of Hope Foundation's online media collection: "Where are the Children? Healing the Legacy of the Residential Schools". [6]

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Asher Wright was an American Presbyterian missionary, who worked among the people of the Seneca Nation, of the native Iroquois of the northeastern United States from 1831 to 1875. His most notable work was the extensive translation and linguistics work he did among the Seneca people. Asher and his wife Laura Maria Sheldon were based in the Seneca mission on the Buffalo Creek Reservation. After 1845, they relocated along with the Buffalo Creek Seneca to the Cattaraugus Reservation following the sale of Buffalo Creek to developers from the Ogden Company. Alongside their missionary and ministry work, the Wrights recorded the Seneca language and culture. Integral to their work was the education of the Seneca people, especially teaching literacy to the people in their own language. In 1855 they founded the Thomas Asylum for Orphan and Destitute Children, later named the Thomas Indian School.

References

  1. 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. Burich, Keith R. (2007). ""No Place to Go": The Thomas Indian School and the "Forgotten" Indian Children of New York". Wíčazo Ša Review. 22 (2): 93–110. doi:10.1353/wic.2007.0015. ISSN   0749-6427. JSTOR   30131236. S2CID   159954138.
  3. "Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)" (Searchable database). New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation . Retrieved July 1, 2016.Note: This includes T. Robins Brown (December 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Thomas Indian School" (PDF). Retrieved July 1, 2016. and Accompanying five photographs
  4. "Unseen Tears: A Documentary on Boarding School Survivors". Indian Country Today Media Network. December 2, 2010.
  5. Douglas, Ronald James (2010). "Documenting ethnic cleansing in North America: Creating unseen tears (AAT 1482210)". ProQuest   757916758.
  6. Legacy of Hope Foundation. "Healing the Legacy of the Residential Schools". Where Are the Children?.