Who's That Girl (soundtrack)

Last updated

"I had some very specific ideas in mind, music that would stand on its own as well as support and enhance what was happening on screen, and the only way to make that a reality was to have a hand in writing the tunes myself... [The] songs aren't necessarily about Nikki or written to be sung by someone like her, but there's a spirit to this music that captures both what the film and the character are about, I think."

—Madonna talking about the music of the film. [4]

Having some specific ideas in her mind about the music of the film, Madonna contacted Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray, who had helped to write and produce her third studio album True Blue in 1986. [4] Madonna explained to them that she needed an uptempo song and a downtempo song. [4] Madonna came to the recording studio one Thursday, and Leonard handed her a cassette of a recording of the chorus, which he had just finished working on. Madonna went to the backroom and completed the melody and the lyrics of the song, while Leonard worked on the other parts of it. [4] After finishing the lyrics, Madonna decided to name the song "Who's That Girl", and changed the title of Slammer to the same, considering it to be a better name. In Fred Bronson's book The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, Leonard explained that the song was recorded in one day with Madonna recording her vocals only once. Additional guitar and percussion tracks were added later. [4]

The downtempo song was developed on the following day, with Madonna writing the lyrics and Leonard composing the melody. [4] Named "The Look of Love", the song contains the line "Nowhere to run, no place to hide. From the look of love, from the eyes of pride". [5] Madonna was inspired by the look that actor James Stewart gave actress Grace Kelly in the 1954 film Rear Window . Madonna said: "I can't describe it, but that is the way I want someone to look at me when he loves me. It's the purest look of love and adoration. Like surrender. It's devastating." [5] After "The Look of Love", Madonna went on to develop two further songs with Bray as the producer. The first was called "Causing a Commotion", and was inspired by Penn and the couple's often tumultuous relationship. Madonna felt that her marriage to Penn was on the verge of breaking up, due to Penn's abusive and violent nature. [6] In a Rolling Stone article dated September 10, 1987, Madonna spoke about Penn's impact on her life and the song: "I don't like violence. I never condone hitting anyone, and I never thought that any violence should have taken place. But on the other hand, I understood Sean's anger, and believe me, I have wanted to hit him many times. I never would you know, because I realize that it would just make things worse. [...] I felt like he was 'Causing a Commotion' to purposefully distract me. I wrote this song and vented my frustration in it." [7]

Composition

Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg
"Who's That Girl"
A sample to Madonna's "Who's That Girl", where the lyrics for the chorus include Spanish words.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The title track is composed in Madonna's typical style—mixing a drum machine, bubbling bass synth line, and the sound of stringed instruments. [8] According to Rikky Rooksby, author of The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, the three parts of the song, namely the bridge, where Madonna sings "what can help me now", the chorus and the verse flow together in a coherent manner, with the chorus incorporating a haunting effect. [8] The song epitomized Madonna's interest in Hispanic culture that continued after the release of her 1987 single "La Isla Bonita". Leonard and Madonna had added Spanish phrases in the chorus, over the trumpets of the second verse, and also in the added instrumental break in the middle. [8] "Who's That Girl" also makes use of the sonic effect brought about by the combination of multiple vocal lines, which had been previously used by groups like The Beach Boys in their singles "God Only Knows" (1966) and "I Get Around" (1964) as well as R.E.M.'s singles "Fall on Me" (1986) and "Near Wild Heaven" (1991). [8] "Who's That Girl" employs this effect on the last chorus where three or four different vocal hooks are intertwined. [8]

The second track "Causing a Commotion" has a danceable, up-tempo groove. [9] The musical arrangement consists of a number of hooks interpolating with each other. It begins with the chorus, where Madonna sings the line "I've got the moves baby, You've got the motions, If we got together we be causing a commotion." The verses are accompanied by a four-note descending bassline and interjecting staccato chords. [2] The lyrics make reference to Madonna's 1985 single "Into the Groove" and have three parts to the vocal harmony. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Walt Disney Music Company, the song is set in the time signature of common time with a tempo of 192 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of B♭ major with Madonna's voice spanning from the high-note of C3 to B5. The song has a basic sequence of B♭–Fm7–B♭–F9–B♭6 as its chord progression. [10]

"The Look of Love" starts off with a low bass synth line and a slow backing track. It is followed by the sound of percussion and a high register note, contrasting with the bassline. [9] The song continues in this way until the last verse, which is backed by the sound of an acoustic guitar. [9] A two-part vocal is found in the line "Nowhere to run, no place to hide". Rooksby felt that Madonna's voice sounded "expressive" when she sings the line "From the look of love" and utters the word "look" over the D minor chord present underneath. The word is sung in a higher note of the musical scale, thus giving an impression of the suspension like the quality of the minor ninth chord, dissociating it from the harmony of the other notes. [9] The song is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 80 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of D minor, with Madonna's voice spanning the notes C5 to B♭3. "The Look of Love" has a basic sequence of C–Dm–Fm–B as its chord progression. [11]

"Can't Stop" has a high pitched keyboard sound embedded in between the sound of a drum machine and clarinet. The lyrics essentially refer to the idea that "I want my man and I am going to get him whatever". [9] Rooksby noticed that the instrumental break in the song repeats the chorus, with a synth line added on the top. He felt that "Can't Stop", at 4:45 length, was a good example of the division of Madonna's songs between dance music—where the length is important—and the requirement of classic pop songs, which can vary from two minutes to four minutes. [2] J. Randy Taraborrelli, in his book Madonna: An Intimate Biography , described Faure's song "24 Hours" as a slow track that fails to build up momentum. [12] Joe Brown from The Washington Post described Davidson's "Turn it Up" as consisting of a slow background synth, that transforms into a rapidly progressing beat, with Davidson's singing reminiscent of the Beastie Boys. [13]

Promotion

Tour

Madonna performed "Who's That Girl", "Causing a Commotion," and "The Look of Love" on her 1987 Who's That Girl World Tour. It was her second concert tour, promoting True Blue and the soundtrack. [12] Madonna trained herself physically with aerobics, jogging and weight-lifting, to cope with the choreography and the dance routines. For the costumes, she collaborated with designer Marlene Stewart, expanding on the idea of bringing her music video characters to life on stage. [14] The stage was huge, with four video screens, multimedia projectors and a flight of stairs in the middle. Leonard became the music director and encouraged Madonna to go with the idea of rearranging her older songs and presenting them in a new format. [15]

The show consisted of seven costume changes, with song-and-dance routines with an encore consisting of the title song "Who's That Girl" and "Holiday". [16] The tour also addressed social causes like AIDS, during "Papa Don't Preach". [17] Who's That Girl tour was critically appreciated [18] [19] [20] and was a commercial success, grossing a total of US $25 million, with Madonna playing in front of 1.5 million people over the course of the tour. [21] According to Pollstar , it was the second top female concert tour of 1987, behind Tina Turner's Break Every Rule Tour. [12] [22]

Singles

Madonna performing the soundtrack's title track during the Who's That Girl World Tour Madonna II B 36a (cropped).jpg
Madonna performing the soundtrack's title track during the Who's That Girl World Tour

"Who's That Girl" was released as the lead single from the soundtrack, on June 30, 1987. A latin pop influenced song, it became Madonna's sixth single to top the Billboard Hot 100 chart, [23] making her the first artist to accumulate six number-one singles in the 1980s, and the first female performer to get that many number-ones as a solo act. [24] It also reached the top the charts in United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland and Belgium. [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] In the music video Madonna did not portray her film character Nikki Finn, [30] instead she continued with her Hispanic look from the "La Isla Bonita" music video. This time she appeared dressed boyishly in a wide-brimmed Spanish hat and bolero jacket—a combination which would later become a fashion trend. [31] "Who's That Girl" was nominated for "Best Song From A Motion Picture" at the 1988 Grammy Awards and "Best Original Song" at the 1988 Golden Globe Awards. [32]

The album's second single, "Causing a Commotion", was released on August 25, 1987. It was criticized by music reviewers for being a sub-standard Madonna single, [33] but enjoyed commercial success, reaching the top ten in New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. [34] [35] In the United States, the single quickly climbed up the chart, ultimately peaking at number two in the week of October 24, 1987, the same week Michael Jackson's "Bad" advanced to the pole position. It remained in second position for three weeks, before descending from the chart. [36] "Causing a Commotion" reached the top of the Hot Dance Club Play chart. [37]

The third song released from the album was the European single, "The Look of Love". In the United Kingdom, "The Look of Love" was released on December 12, 1987, and entered the UK Singles Chart at number 15. [38] The next week, it reached a peak of nine on the chart, her first single to miss the top five since "Lucky Star" (1984). [39] "Turn It Up" was released as a single [40] prior to its inclusion in the album in 1987. [41] Described by Joe Brown of The Washington Post as "gratingly banal" and its singer as "one of Madonna's photogenic protegés", [13] the song was a success on the Dance Club charts of Billboard, peaking at number 15. [42]

Critical reception

Who's That Girl:
Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Who's That Girl Madonna.png
Soundtrack album by
Madonna / various artists
ReleasedJuly 21, 1987
Recorded1987
Genre
Length39:48
Label
Producer
Madonna chronology
True Blue
(1986)		Who's That Girl
(1987)		 You Can Dance
(1987)
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [33]
Robert Christgau C− [43]
Entertainment Weekly D [44]
Rolling Stone Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [45]
The Virgin Encyclopedia of Nineties Music Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [46]

The soundtrack album was not well received by music critics, some of whom went on comment that the title track is the record's highlight. [33] [44] Jim Farber from Entertainment Weekly gave a negative review, though Noah Robischon from the same magazine complimented the title track, saying that Madonna had "pushed synergy over the borderline." [47] Bill Lamb from About.com said that the songs were not among Madonna's best music. [48] Taraborrelli commented that "the soundtrack was once again the reminder of Madonna's power and status as one of the most important singers of the 80s, because it was only her songs which gained prominence, albeit not being her best, though 'The Look of Love' is an exotic ballad." [12] Author Mary Cross, in her biography Madonna: A Biography said that "the soundtrack slips up because of the film." [49] Allen Metz and Carol Benson, authors of The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, said that "Who's That Girl has done what it was released for, put money in Warner's pockets, but [adds] nothing in Madonna's catalogue". [50] Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted in his review for Allmusic that "In the strictest sense [the record] isn't a Madonna album — it's a soundtrack album", adding that it features "competent but uninspiring dance-pop by [various artists]". [33] David Denby from New York magazine commented that "there's nothing absolutely wrong with the soundtrack. But it's just that it has the misfortune of being associated with such an unfortunate movie, that the album actually does not hold up to you well." He added that "The Look of Love" was a hidden gem in Madonna's catalogue. [51] Don Shewey from Rolling Stone commented that "although essentially a Madonna album, the soundtrack does not boast a truly memorable song, rather there is the inclusion of the failed Warner artist songs, like the Coati Mundi song 'El Coco Loco' and Duncan Faure's uncannily Beatles-esque '24 Hours'. For most buyers though this album is the new Madonna album." [45]

Robert Christgau gave the album a (C–) and said "From Scritti Politti and Coati Mundi you expect trickier spin, but they're outsiders, and outsiders times soundtrack equals contract work. For her own movie, though, the decade's purest pop icon should do better than sloppy seconds. Or neat seconds—worse still." [43] Ed Blank from Pittsburgh Press commented: "It feels like the sole purpose to create the soundtrack was to show it in the film." [52] Jay Boyar from Orlando Sentinel praised the songs on the soundtrack, claiming that "Madonna brings forth a heart-breaking warmth in 'The Look of Love' and a club stomping feel with 'Causing a Commotion'. With the movie's fate being sealed, luckily for her Madonna can sing." [53] Gyan Singh from The Miami Herald , while reviewing the film, said that the "Only solace of the movie is the soundtrack, the songs—especially those by Madonna—are actually good." [54] Don McLeese from Chicago Sun-Times , while reviewing Madonna's Who's That Girl World Tour, said that "the soundtrack's songs sound good live". [55] Larry Geller from The Advocate gave a positive review, saying that "Who's That Girl will be the soundtrack album of the summer." [56] Stephen Holden from The New York Times gave an equally positive review, saying that the "soundtrack album is full of engaging pop fluff. One of the hottest singles of the year, Madonna's bilingual title song has the buoyant bounce of an acrobat doing somersaults on a trampoline. 'The Look of Love' is as memorable a ballad as [Madonna's 1986 single] 'Live to Tell', and '24 Hours', sung by Duncan Faure, skillfully fuses Beatles-styled vocals with 80's synthesizer-pop underpinnings." [57] Daniel Brogan from Chicago Tribune said that "since this soundtrack isn't really a Madonna album, this is no surprise that it appears as incomplete." [58]

Commercial performance

After its release, the album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number forty-six on August 15, 1987, the same week that the title song "Who's That Girl" reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100. [24] [59] In the week ending September 12, 1987, the record reached its peak position at number seven. [60] It remained on the chart for twenty-eight weeks, [60] and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of one million copies across the United States. [61] In Canada, the album debuted at eighty-five on the RPM Albums Chart, on August 1, 1987. [62] After seven weeks, the soundtrack climbed to its peak of four on the chart. [63] The soundtrack was placed at position thirty-seven, on the RPM Top 100 Albums for 1987 chart and was present on the chart for thirty weeks. [64] [65]

In the United Kingdom, the album debuted and peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart on August 1, 1987, becoming the highest debut of the week. [66] It fell out one place the next week, where it stayed for other three weeks. [67] Who's That Girl was present on the chart for twenty-five weeks and ended as the most popular original soundtrack album of 1987 in the country. [68] [69] The soundtrack was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 300,000 copies across the United Kingdom. [70] The album was less successful in Australia, where it debuted and peaked at number twenty-four. It entered the New Zealand Album chart at twelve on September 6, 1987. [71] After two weeks, the album reached its peak at number six. [72] In Austria, Who's That Girl became the best selling debut of the week, charting at number seven, on August 15, 1987, [73] ultimately reaching number five. [72] By August 1, 1987 Who's That Girl sold 140,000 albums and 65,000 singles in Italy in few weeks. [74] In Spain, the soundtrack was released in August and reached sales of 57,049 units by November of the same year. [75] It was later certified with platinum from PROMUSICAE for shipments of 100,000 copies. [76] In Germany, Who's That Girl debuted at the top of the charts, remaining there for two weeks and earning a gold certification from BVMI. [77] [78] The album also reached the top of the charts on the European Top 100 Albums chart. [79] Who's That Girl also reached the top-ten of the charts in France, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. [72] [80]

Recognition

Cash Box editor Kerry Day ranked Who's That Girl as the second-best album of 1987. [81] In the Encyclopedia of World Biography (1998), authors explained that in this era, unlike the movie, both the soundtrack and its accompanied tour achieved commercial success. [82] In 1989, Orlando Sentinel discussed successful movie soundtracks from 1930s to that point, where Who's That Girl was included among the examples, highlighting Madonna's participation of four singles. [83] In a report from British Phonographic Industry, according to Nigle Hunter from Billboard, the release was called an "easy winner as the most popular original soundtrack album in 1987" on pair with Dirty Dancing. [68] Hunter lumped both records among the "new trend for soundtrack albums of mixing new, specially recorded material with older hits". [68]

Track listing

Who's That Girl track listing
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Who's That Girl" (performed by Madonna)
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:58
2."Causing a Commotion" (performed by Madonna)
  • Madonna
  • Bray
4:20
3."The Look of Love" (performed by Madonna)
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
4:03
4."24 Hours" (performed by Duncan Faure)
  • Mary Kessler
  • Joey Wilson
Bray3:38
5."Step by Step" (performed by Club Nouveau)
  • Jay King
  • Denzil Foster
  • Thomas McElroy
  • David Agent
  • King
  • Foster
  • McElroy
  • Agent
4:43
6."Turn It Up" (performed by Michael Davidson)
  • Davidson
  • Frederic Mercier
 Stock, Aitken & Waterman 3:56
7."Best Thing Ever" (performed by Scritti Politti)
  • Gartside
  • Gamson
  • John "Tokes" Potoker
3:51
8."Can't Stop" (performed by Madonna)
  • Madonna
  • Bray
  • Madonna
  • Bray
4:45
9."El Coco Loco (So So Bad)" (performed by Coati Mundi)Coati Mundi HernandezHubert Eaves III6:22
Total length:39:48

Personnel

Charts

Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for Who's That Girl
RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Brazil—250,000 [111]
Canada—160,000 [112]
France (SNEP) [113] 2× Platinum600,000*
Germany (BVMI) [78] Gold250,000^
Hong Kong (IFPI Hong Kong) [114] Platinum20,000*
Israel—15,000 [115]
Italy (AFI) [116] 2× Platinum450,000 [117]
Japan—111,350 [118]
Netherlands (NVPI) [119] Gold50,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ) [120] Gold7,500^
Spain (PROMUSICAE) [76] Platinum100,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) [116] Gold25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI) [70] Platinum300,000^
United States (RIAA) [61] Platinum1,000,000^
Summaries
Worldwide—6,000,000 [121]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Who's That Girl (Madonna song)</span> 1987 single by Madonna

"Who's That Girl" is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack of the 1987 film of the same name. Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, it was released in Europe as the soundtrack's lead single on June 29, 1987 and in the United States on 30 June 1987. An uptempo pop song, "Who's That Girl" continued the singer's fascination with Latin pop, a genre she had previously explored on her single "La Isla Bonita". It features instrumentation from drums, bass, and trumpets, and has lyrics sung both in English and Spanish. While shooting for the film, then called Slammer, Madonna had requested Leonard to develop a song that captured the nature of her character; the producer worked on a demo and, afterwards, Madonna added the lyrics and decided to rename the song, as well as the film, to "Who's That Girl".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Material Girl</span> 1985 single by Madonna

"Material Girl" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her second studio album, Like a Virgin (1984). It was released on January 23, 1985, by the Sire label as the second single from Like a Virgin. It also appears slightly remixed on the 1990 greatest hits compilation, The Immaculate Collection, in its original form on the 2009 greatest hits compilation, Celebration and Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones (2022). The song was written by Peter Brown and Robert Rans, and produced by Nile Rodgers. Madonna said the concept of the song was indicative of her life at that time, and she liked it because she felt it was provocative.

<i>Im Breathless</i> 1990 soundtrack album by Madonna

I'm Breathless is an album by American singer and songwriter Madonna, released on May 22, 1990, by Sire Records to accompany the film Dick Tracy. The album contains three songs written by Stephen Sondheim, which were used in the film, in addition to several songs co-written by Madonna that were inspired by but not included in the film. Madonna starred as Breathless Mahoney alongside her then-boyfriend Warren Beatty who played the title role, Dick Tracy. After filming was complete, Madonna began work on the album, with Sondheim, producer Patrick Leonard and engineer Bill Bottrell. She also worked with producer Shep Pettibone on the album's first single, "Vogue". The album was recorded in three weeks, at Johnny Yuma Recording and Ocean Way Studios, in Los Angeles, California.

<i>You Can Dance</i> 1987 remix album by Madonna

You Can Dance is the first remix album by American singer and songwriter Madonna. It was released on November 17, 1987, by Sire Records. The album contains remixes of tracks from her first three studio albums—Madonna (1983), Like a Virgin (1984) and True Blue (1986)—and a new track, "Spotlight". In the 1980s, remixing was still a new concept. The mixes on You Can Dance exhibited a number of typical mixing techniques. Instrumental passages were lengthened to increase the time for dancing and vocal phrases were repeated and subjected to multiple echoes. The album cover denoted Madonna's continuous fascination with Hispanic culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Causing a Commotion</span> 1987 single by Madonna

"Causing a Commotion" is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack album to the 1987 film Who's That Girl. It was released as the album's second single on August 25, 1987, by Sire Records. Its Silver Screen Single Mix later appeared on the EP The Holiday Collection (1991). Written and produced by Madonna and Stephen Bray, the song was inspired by her relationship with then-husband Sean Penn, and his abusive and violent nature. Containing a dance-oriented, up-tempo groove, the song begins with the chorus and is accompanied by a four-note descending bassline and staccato chords in the verses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Look of Love (Madonna song)</span> 1987 single by Madonna

"The Look of Love" is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack to the 1987 film Who's That Girl. It was released as the third and final single from the soundtrack on November 30, 1987, by Sire Records. While shooting the film, then called Slammer, Madonna had requested that producer Patrick Leonard develop a downtempo song that captured the nature of her film persona. She later wrote the lyrics and melody to the backing track developed by Leonard, and the song became "The Look of Love". Madonna was also inspired by James Stewart's performance in the 1954 film Rear Window when writing the song.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lucky Star (Madonna song)</span> 1983 single by Madonna

"Lucky Star" is a song by American singer Madonna from her self-titled debut studio album (1983). Produced by Reggie Lucas, it was written by Madonna with the intention that her friend Mark Kamins would play it in his sets at Danceteria, where he was the resident DJ. In 1982, Madonna was signed on by Sire Records for the release of two 12" singles; after the success of first single "Everybody", the label approved the recording of an album, and the singer decided to work with Lucas. However, problems between Madonna and the producer arose and he ended up leaving the project; she then called John "Jellybean" Benitez, her boyfriend at the time, to work on the remaining songs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crazy for You (Madonna song)</span> 1985 single by Madonna

"Crazy for You" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for the film Vision Quest (1985), written by John Bettis and Jon Lind, and produced by John "Jellybean" Benitez. Released on March 2, 1985 through Geffen Records, it is a pop ballad with torch influences, and lyrics that talk about sexual attraction and desire. Jon Peters and Peter Guber produced Vision Quest, while Joel Sill, Warner Bros. Pictures music vice president, and music director Phil Ramone were in charge of putting together its soundtrack. Sill got in touch with Bettis and Lind, and asked them to write a new song for the film. The duo came up with "Crazy for You" after reading the script, and decided to use it in a scene in which the main characters —Matthew Modine and Linda Fiorentino— dance together for the first time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angel (Madonna song)</span> 1985 single by Madonna

"Angel" is a song by American singer Madonna from her second studio album Like a Virgin (1984). It was released on April 10, 1985, by Sire Records as the album's third single. Written by Madonna and Steve Bray, it was one of the first songs developed for the project and, according to Madonna, was inspired by a girl who is saved by an angel, and she falls in love with him. "Angel" was released as a 12-inch single with "Into the Groove" in some countries and charted likewise. A music video was not filmed for "Angel", and instead, a promotional clip comprising segments of her previous videos was released in the United Kingdom.

<i>Evita</i> (soundtrack) 1996 soundtrack album by Madonna / various artists

Evita is the soundtrack album to the 1996 musical film of the same name, performed mostly by American singer Madonna. It was released by Warner Bros. Records on October 28, 1996 in the United Kingdom and on November 12, 1996, in the United States. Directed by Alan Parker, the film was based on Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1978 musical Evita about First Lady of Argentina Eva Perón, portrayed by Madonna. The soundtrack consists of reworked songs from its original 1976 concept album as well as a new song, "You Must Love Me". Additional performers on the soundtrack include Antonio Banderas, Jonathan Pryce and Jimmy Nail.

<i>Something to Remember</i> 1995 compilation album by Madonna

Something to Remember is a compilation album by American singer Madonna, released by Maverick Records on November 3, 1995. The album was conceived after a highly controversial period in Madonna's career, during which many critics speculated that her career was in decline. The compilation of ballads presented a softer image for the singer and span over a decade, including a reworked version of "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" as well as three new songs: "You'll See", "One More Chance" and a cover of Marvin Gaye's "I Want You". The singles "I'll Remember" and "This Used to Be My Playground", were also included, marking the first time these songs were featured on a Madonna album.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">True Blue (Madonna song)</span> 1986 single by Madonna

"True Blue" is a song by American singer Madonna from her third studio album of the same name (1986). Written and produced by the singer and her collaborator Stephen Bray, in Australia, New Zealand, and most European countries, it was released as the album's third single on September 29, 1986. In the United States, it was published on October 9. A dance-pop song that takes influence from Motown and girl groups from the 1950s and 60s, its lyrics address Madonna's feelings for her then-husband Sean Penn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rescue Me (Madonna song)</span> 1991 single by Madonna

"Rescue Me" is a song by American singer Madonna from her first greatest hits album, The Immaculate Collection (1990). Written and produced by Madonna and Shep Pettibone, the song was released as the second single from The Immaculate Collection on February 26, 1991, in the United States, and as the third single on April 7 in the United Kingdom. A dance-pop and gospel-house track, the song is accompanied by the sound of thunder and rain, with the lyrics talking of romantic love rescuing the singer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I'll Remember</span> 1994 single by Madonna

"I'll Remember" is a song by American singer Madonna for the 1994 film With Honors. It was released by Maverick and Warner Bros. Records on March 8, 1994, as the lead single from the film's soundtrack album. It was a radical change in image and style for Madonna, who had received huge backlash due to the release of her book Sex, the studio album Erotica and the film Body of Evidence. Warner Bros. decided to release the song for the film after noting most of her previous soundtrack singles had achieved commercial success. It utilizes a synthesized keyboard arrangement to bring about a continuously reverberating heartbeat sound. Madonna's voice is supported by backing vocals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oh Father</span> 1989 single by Madonna

"Oh Father" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her fourth studio album Like a Prayer (1989). It was released as the fourth single from the album on October 24, 1989, by Sire Records. The song was not released as a single in most European territories until December 24, 1995, when it appeared on the 1995 ballads compilation Something to Remember. Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, "Oh Father" concerns the presence of male authoritative figures in Madonna's life, most prominently her father, Tony Ciccone. Madonna's relationship with her father had soured after her mother's death in 1963 and his remarriage three years later. While developing the Like a Prayer album, Madonna was in an emotional state of mind due to her personal problems, which is reflected in "Oh Father".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanky Panky (Madonna song)</span> 1990 single by Madonna

"Hanky Panky" is a song by American singer Madonna from her soundtrack album I'm Breathless. It was released on June 12, 1990, by Sire Records as the album's second and final single. Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the song was developed from a line in the parent film, Dick Tracy, talking about a woman who enjoys being spanked by her partner. Performed in a playful, “tongue-in-cheek” style, "Hanky Panky" is a jazz and swing song, keeping with the film's general theme of the 1920s and 1930s, with a changing bassline and minor to major key-shift in the chorus. It caused some controversy in Ireland because of its innuendo and racy lyrics, with women's groups deeming them harmful; Madonna later clarified that the lyrics were intended as a joke.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">This Used to Be My Playground</span> 1992 single by Madonna

"This Used to Be My Playground" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna. It is the theme for the film A League of Their Own, which starred Madonna, and portrayed a fictionalized account of the real-life All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Madonna was asked to record a song for the film's soundtrack. At that time she was busy recording her fifth studio album, Erotica, with producer Shep Pettibone. They worked on some ideas and came up with "This Used to Be My Playground" in two days. Once presented to director Penny Marshall's team, the song was released as a standalone single on June 16, 1992, by Warner Bros. Records. However, it was not available on the film's soundtrack due to contractual obligations and was later added to the Olympics-inspired Barcelona Gold compilation album, released that summer. The song was included on Madonna's 1995 ballads compilation Something to Remember.

<i>Whos That Girl</i> (1987 film) 1987 American romantic comedy film starring Madonna, directed by James Foley

Who's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film directed by James Foley, and written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman. It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne, and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail. After release, she meets a man, supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia, and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement. While searching for an embezzler, they fall in love with each other.

<i>The Immaculate Collection</i> (video) 1990 video by Madonna

The Immaculate Collection is the second music video compilation by American singer-songwriter Madonna. Released by Warner Music Vision, Warner Reprise Video and Sire Records on November 13, 1990, to accompany the audio release, it contained music videos for the singer's singles released between 1983 and 1990. Although it did not contain all of Madonna's music videos at that point, the collection marks the first time the clip for "Oh Father" (1989) was commercially available worldwide, as it was first limited to the United States.

<i>Ciao Italia: Live from Italy</i> 1988 video by Madonna

Ciao Italia: Live from Italy is a video album by American singer-songwriter Madonna and was released by Warner Reprise Video and Sire Records on May 24, 1988. It contained footage from a previous TV special of the Who's That Girl World Tour, Madonna in Concerto, broadcast in Europe in 1987, filmed at the Stadio Comunale in Turin, Italy. The video release also contained footage from shows recorded in Florence, Italy and Tokyo, Japan, the latter having previously been released as a Japanese TV special and home video release, Who's That Girl: Live in Japan. The decision to release Ciao Italia was spurred by the fact that this previous release became a commercial success in Japan. A re-release of the video took place in 1999, when it was released in DVD format, with a stereo soundtrack containing the songs only.

References

  1. ↑ "New Singles". Music Week . November 28, 1987. p. 18.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Rooksby 2004 , p. 67
  3. 1 2 3 Morton 2002 , p. 190
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bronson 2003, p. 674
  5. 1 2 Michael 2004 , p. 57
  6. ↑ Feldman 2000 , p. 211
  7. ↑ Lawson, Senegal (September 10, 1987). "Madonna: She's That Girl". Rolling Stone . Vol. 1019, no. 32. ISSN   0035-791X.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Rooksby 2004 , p. 68
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Rooksby 2004 , p. 69
  10. ↑ "Digital Sheet Music – Madonna Ciccone – Causing a Commotion". Musicnotes.com.
  11. ↑ "Digital Sheet Music – Madonna Ciccone – The Look of Love". SheetMusicPlus. Warner Bros. Records.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Taraborrelli 2002 , p. 125
  13. 1 2 Brown, Joe (September 2, 1987). "The Miami Movement; Three New Albums With Salsa's Strong Flavors". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on March 17, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  14. ↑ Clerk 2002 , p. 66
  15. ↑ Farley, Chris (August 5, 1987). "Madonna's Moves Are The Stuff Of Shabba-Doo". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on June 14, 2013. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  16. ↑ Voller 1999 , p. 29
  17. ↑ Guilbert 2002 , p. 78
  18. ↑ Ayers, Ann (July 3, 1987). "Dressing Up A Material Girl". USA Today . Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
  19. ↑ Goddard, Peter (July 3, 1987). "Who's That Girl? Madonna-mia!". Toronto Star . Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  20. ↑ Zamost, Scott A; Snead, Elizabeth (July 2, 1987). "New Madonna Tour Sets Racy Tone". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  21. ↑ Bassets, Luis (August 31, 1987). "Madonna convocó en París a 130.000 personas". El País (in French). Madrid: Ediciones El Pais S.L. Archived from the original on March 11, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
  22. ↑ Bego 2000 , p. 190
  23. ↑ "Billboard – Artist Chart History – Madonna". Billboard. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  24. 1 2 DeKnock, Jan (August 22, 1987). "Madonna Soars to Top of the Charts for the Sixth Time". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
  25. ↑ "Official Charts Company – Madonna – Who's That Girl". The Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  26. ↑ "Top Singles – Volume 46, No. 21, August 29, 1987". RPM. RPM Library Archives. August 29, 1987. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
  27. ↑ "De Nederlandse Top 40 – week 31". Dutch Top 40 (in Dutch). Radio 538. 1987. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
  28. ↑ "The Irish Charts – All there is to know". Irish Recorded Music Association. July 9, 1987. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
  29. ↑ "Radio 2 – Top 30 van zaterdag 08 augustus 1987". VRT Top 30. Archived from the original on April 9, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  30. ↑ Canby, Vincent (August 23, 1987). "Film View; In Search of Madonna's Persona". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  31. ↑ Morton 2002 , p. 199
  32. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999 , p. 301
  33. 1 2 3 4 Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Who's That Girl > Review". AllMusic . Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  34. ↑ "Madonna – Causing a Commotion (Song)". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  35. ↑ "Singles Chart For Week up to 19/09/1987". Official Charts Company. September 19, 1987. Archived from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  36. ↑ "The Billboard Hot 100: Week Ending October 24, 1987". Billboard. October 24, 1987. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  37. ↑ "Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs: Week Ending October 31, 1987". Billboard. October 24, 1987. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  38. ↑ "Singles Chart For Week up to 12/12/1987". Official Charts Company. December 12, 1987. Archived from the original on November 27, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  39. ↑ "Singles Chart For Week up to 12/19/1987". Official Charts Company. December 19, 1987. Archived from the original on February 15, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  40. ↑ Davidson, Michael (1987). "Turn It Up" (Media notes). Sire. 928 219-7.
  41. ↑ Madonna, the Rolling stone files: the ultimate compendium of interviews, articles, facts, and opinions from the files of Rolling stone . Hyperion. 1997. p.  74. ISBN   978-0-7868-8154-3.
  42. ↑ "Who's That Girl > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  43. 1 2 Christgau, Robert. "Consumer Guide: Who's That Girl". Robert Chritsgau Official Website. Archived from the original on March 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  44. 1 2 Farber, Jim (July 20, 2001). "Madonna's discography". Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  45. 1 2 Shewey, Don (September 12, 1987). "Madonna, The Rolling Stone Files". Rolling Stone . pp. 121–122. ISBN   978-0-7868-8154-3. Archived from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  46. ↑ Larkin, Colin (2000). ALBUMS (The Virgin Encyclopedia of Nineties Music ed.). Virgin Books. p. 246. ISBN   9780753504277 . Retrieved August 27, 2022– via Archive.org.
  47. ↑ Robischon, Noah (July 20, 2001). "Dating Madonna". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  48. ↑ Lamb, Bill (January 9, 2009). "Madonna Discography: Annotated List of Madonna's Albums". About.com. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  49. ↑ Cross 2007 , p. 90
  50. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999 , p. 45
  51. ↑ Denby, David (August 24, 1987). "Movies: Southern Comfort". New York . 20 (33). New York Media LLC. ISSN   0028-7369.
  52. ↑ Blank, Ed (August 6, 1987). "Who's That Girl? Another Madonna Loser". Pittsburgh Press .
  53. ↑ Boyar, Jay (August 10, 1987). "Luckily For Her, Madonna Can Sing". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  54. ↑ Singh, Gyan (August 7, 1987). "And The Chase's On, Material Girl Madonna Makes A Mess". The Miami Herald . Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
  55. ↑ McLeese, Don (July 12, 1987). "Who Is This Girl". Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  56. ↑ Geller, Larry (August 7, 1987). "Madonna film spawns guess what? A soundtrack". The Advocate . Here Media Inc. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  57. ↑ Holden, Stephen (August 21, 1987). "Pop and Jazz Guide Review". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  58. ↑ Brogan, Daniel (August 7, 1987). "'Causing Commotion' Best, But 'That Girl's' Just Okay". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  59. ↑ "The Billboard 200: Week Ending August 15, 1987". Billboard . August 15, 1987. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
  60. 1 2 3 "Madonna Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
  61. 1 2 "American album certifications – Madonna – Who's That Girl". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  62. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 46, No. 17, August 01 1987". RPM . RPM Library Archives. August 1, 1987. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  63. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 46, No. 23, September 12, 1987". RPM. RPM Library Archives. September 12, 1987. Archived from the original on January 14, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  64. ↑ "Top 100 Albums of '87". RPM. RPM Library Archives. December 26, 1987. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  65. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 47, No. 20, March 05 1988". RPM. RPM Library Archives. March 5, 1988. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  66. 1 2 "Album Chart For Week Up To 01/08/1987". Official Charts Company. August 1, 1987. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  67. ↑ "Album Chart For Week Up To 08/08/1987". Official Charts Company. August 8, 1987. Archived from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  68. 1 2 3 Hunter, Nigel (December 3, 1988). "British Phonographic Industry Tallies '86 Stats" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 100, no. 49. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 3, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  69. 1 2 Jones, Alan (January 23, 1988). "Infact - Chartfile" (PDF). Record Mirror . p. 35. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
  70. 1 2 "British album certifications – Madonna – Who's That Girl". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  71. ↑ "New Zealand Albums Chart". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand . Hung Medien. September 6, 1987. Archived from the original on May 22, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  72. 1 2 3 4 "Austriancharts.at – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  73. ↑ "Austria Top 40 – Alben Top 75". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry . Hung Medien. August 15, 1987. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  74. ↑ "Stadi affollati e giradischi vuoti?". La Stampa (in Italian). August 1, 1987. p. 7. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  75. ↑ Fernández Rubio, Andrés (November 15, 1987). "El irresistible ascenso del DDD" . El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 5, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  76. 1 2 3 Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002[Only hits: year by year, 1959–2002] (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor-SGAE. p. 148. ISBN   84-8048-639-2.
  77. 1 2 "Offiziellecharts.de – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  78. 1 2 "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Madonna; 'Who's That Girl')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie . Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  79. 1 2 "European Top 100 Albums". Billboard. Vol. 99, no. 40. October 3, 1987. ISSN   0006-2510.
  80. 1 2 "French Albums Chart: Search for Madonna" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. September 12, 1987. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  81. ↑ Day, Kerry (December 26, 1987). "Critical Decisions" (PDF). Cash Box . p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  82. ↑ Bourgoin & Byers 1998 , p. 124
  83. ↑ Gettleman, Patty (July 14, 1989). "From Projector To Platter, Movie Soundtracks Are Now Pop Music Staples". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
  84. ↑ "Top World Charts" (PDF). Pelo (in Spanish). No. 305. 1987. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  85. ↑ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (Illustrated ed.). Sydney: Australian Chart Book. p. 444. ISBN   0-646-11917-6.
  86. ↑ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 0871". RPM . Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  87. ↑ "Dutchcharts.nl – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  88. ↑ Pennanen, Timo (2021). "Sisältää hitin: 1.1.1960 – 30.6.2021" (PDF) (in Finnish). Musiikkiarkisto. pp. 156–157. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  89. ↑ "Ísland (LP-plötur)". DV (in Icelandic). September 11, 1987. p. 43. Retrieved December 21, 2021– via Timarit.is.
  90. ↑ "Hits of the World: Italy" (PDF). Billboard. October 24, 1987. p. 98. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  91. ↑ "Hits of the World: Japan" (PDF). Billboard. September 19, 1987. p. 74. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  92. ↑ "Norwegiancharts.com – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  93. ↑ "Charts.nz – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  94. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  95. ↑ "Swisscharts.com – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  96. ↑ "Lista prodaje 17. tjedan 2022. (18.04.2022. - 24.04.2022.)" (in Croatian). HDU. April 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  97. ↑ "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2018. 27. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
  98. ↑ "Official Soundtrack Albums Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  99. ↑ "Top lista vinila – Strana – 11/2019" (in Croatian). HDU. November 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
  100. ↑ "Jahreshitparade 1987". Austriancharts.at. December 15, 1987. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  101. ↑ "RPM Top 100 Albums of 1987". RPM . July 17, 2013. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  102. ↑ "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1987". Dutchcharts.nl. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  103. ↑ "EUROPEAN CHARTS OF THE YEAR 1987: ALBUMS" (PDF). Music & Media. December 26, 1987. p. 35. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
  104. ↑ "Les Albums (CD) de 1987 par InfoDisc" (in French). InfoDisc.fr. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  105. ↑ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts". GfK Entertainment (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  106. ↑ "VG-Lista – Topp 40 Album Sommer 1987" (in Norwegian). VG-lista. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  107. ↑ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1987". Hitparade.ch. Archived from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  108. ↑ "Top Pop Album Soundtracks 1987" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 99, no. 52. December 26, 1987. p. Y-26. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  109. ↑ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1987". Cash Box . December 26, 1987. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  110. ↑ "Top Pop Album Soundtracks 1988" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 100, no. 52. December 24, 1988. p. Y-21. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  111. ↑ Garcia, Sérgio (October 31, 1993). "No banco com Madonna". Jornal do Brasil (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  112. ↑ "Madonna and La Bamba fire up WEA week" (PDF). RPM . 46 (19): 3. August 15, 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2021.
  113. ↑ "French album certifications – Madonna – Who's That Girl" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique . Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  114. ↑ "IFPIHK Gold Disc Award − 1989". IFPI Hong Kong. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  115. ↑ "אלבומים ומכירות בארץ" [Albums and sales in Israel]. LaIsha (in Hebrew). August 13, 2001. p. 56. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  116. 1 2 "Gold & Platinum Awards 1987" (PDF). Music & Media . December 26, 1987. pp. 44–46. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  117. ↑ "IL PERSONAGGIO". L'Espresso (in Italian). No. 17–21. 1988. p. 97. Retrieved February 18, 2021– via Google Books. Qualche confronto ? " Who's that girl " , l'ellepi di Madonna lanciato dal film e dal tour italiano dell'estate scorsa , ha raggiunto appena le 450 mila copie
  118. ↑ Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005. Roppongi, Tokyo: Oricon Charts. 2006. ISBN   4-87131-077-9.
  119. ↑ "Dutch album certifications – Madonna – Who's That Girl" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers . Retrieved July 8, 2016.Enter Who's That Girl in the "Artiest of titel" box. Select 1987 in the drop-down menu saying "Alle jaargangen".
  120. ↑ Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006 (Illustrated ed.). Maurienne House. ISBN   978-1-877443-00-8.
  121. ↑ Lavin, Will (September 24, 2019). "Madonna's first four albums to be reissued on stunning crystal clear vinyl". NME . Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.