1348

1348 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1348 MCCCXLVIII
Ab urbe condita	2101
Armenian calendar	797 ԹՎ ՉՂԷ
Assyrian calendar	6098
Balinese saka calendar	1269–1270
Bengali calendar	754–755
Berber calendar	2298
English Regnal year	21  Edw. 3  – 22  Edw. 3
Buddhist calendar	1892
Burmese calendar	710
Byzantine calendar	6856–6857
Chinese calendar	丁亥年 (Fire  Pig) 4045 or 3838     — to — 戊子年 (Earth  Rat) 4046 or 3839
Coptic calendar	1064–1065
Discordian calendar	2514
Ethiopian calendar	1340–1341
Hebrew calendar	5108–5109
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1404–1405
- Shaka Samvat	1269–1270
- Kali Yuga	4448–4449
Holocene calendar	11348
Igbo calendar	348–349
Iranian calendar	726–727
Islamic calendar	748–749
Japanese calendar	Jōwa 4 (貞和４年)
Javanese calendar	1260–1261
Julian calendar	1348 MCCCXLVIII
Korean calendar	3681
Minguo calendar	564 before ROC 民前564年
Nanakshahi calendar	−120
Thai solar calendar	1890–1891
Tibetan calendar	མེ་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་ (female Fire-Boar) 1474 or 1093 or 321     — to — ས་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་ (male Earth-Rat) 1475 or 1094 or 322

Year 1348 ( MCCCXLVIII ) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1348th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 348th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 14th century, and the 9th and penultimate year of the 1340s decade.

Events

January–December

• January – Gonville Hall, the forerunner of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, England, is founded.
• January 25 – The 6.9-magnitude 1348 Friuli earthquake centered in Northern Italy is felt across Europe. Contemporary minds link the quake with the Black Death, fueling fears that the Biblical Apocalypse has arrived.
• February 2 – Battle of Strėva: the Teutonic Order secure a victory over the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Sources tell of a blow to Lithuanian leadership, one that the Teutonic Order could not fully make use of due to the Black Death. ^{[1] [2]}
• April 7 – Charles University in Prague, founded the previous year by papal bull, is granted privileges by Charles I, King of Bohemia, in a golden bull. ^[3]
• April 23 – Edward III of England creates the first English order of chivalry, the Most Noble Order of the Garter.
• By June 24 – The Black Death pandemic reaches England, ^[4] having probably been brought across the English Channel by fleas on rats aboard a ship from Gascony to the south coast port of Melcombe (modern-day Weymouth, Dorset); ^{[5] [6]} by November it will have reached London and by 1350 will have killed one third to a half of its population.
• July 6 – A papal bull is issued by Pope Clement VI, protecting Jews against popular aggression during the Black Death pandemic.
• November 1 – The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro because they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists".
• November 18 – Emperor Kōmyō of Japan abdicates the throne in favour of his son Emperor Sukō, making them the second and third of the Northern Court (Ashikaga Pretenders). ^[7]

Date unknown

• The Black Death pandemic spreads to central and western Europe and to Cairo.
• Stefan the Mighty, Emperor of Serbia, conquers Thessaly and Epirus.
• The Pskov Republic gains independence from the Novgorod Republic with the treaty of Bolotovo.
• Hundred Years' War (1337–1360): The effects of the Black Death cause a de facto truce to be observed between England and France until 1355. ^[8]
• Estimation: Hangzhou in Mongolian China becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Cairo, capital of Mamluk Egypt. ^[9]

Births

• April 11 – Andronikos IV Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1385)
• date unknown
  • John Fitzalan, 1st Lord Arundel (d. 1379)
  • Alice Perrers, politically active English royal mistress and courtier (d. 1400)

Deaths

• February 2 – Narimantas, Christian Lithuanian prince of Pinsk (Battle of Strėva)
• June 9 – Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Sienese painter (Black Death) (b. 1290)
• June 13 – Don Juan Manuel, prince of Villena, Spanish writer (b. 1282)
• July 1 – Joan of England, princess (Black Death) (b. 1333/34)
• August 20 – Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke, English noble (b. 1319)
• August 23 – John de Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. c.1275)
• October 2 – Alice de Lacy, 4th Countess of Lincoln, English noblewoman (b. 1281)

Emperor Hanazono

• date unknown
  • Laura de Noves, French countess, presumed beloved of Petrarch (b. 1310)
  • Pietro Lorenzetti, Sienese painter (Black Death) (b. 1280)
  • Umur of Aydın, Emir (killed in action) (b. c.1309)
  • Giovanni Villani, chronicler of Florence (Black Death) (b. c. 1276)

References

1. Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Strėva, Battle of". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 308–309. LCCN 74-114275.
2. Baranauskienė, Inga (2002-12-07). "Kęstutis ir Algirdas: 1344–1345 m. perversmas ir valdžios dalybos". Voruta (in Lithuanian). 23 (521).
3. "Littera fundationis Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis" (in Latin). 7 April 1348.
4. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.  161–164. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
5. Gransden, Antonia (1957). "A Fourteenth-Century Chronicle from the Grey Friars at Lynn". English Historical Review . lxxii: 274. doi:10.1093/ehr/lxxii.cclxxxiii.270.
6. Ibeji, Mike (March 10, 2011). "Black Death". History. BBC . Retrieved April 12, 2020.
7. Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford University Press. p. 82,86. ISBN 0804705259.
8. Lynn II, John A (2004). Battle: A History of Combat and Culture. Philadelphia: Westview Press Inc. ISBN 978-0-8133-3372-4. pp. 85–90
9. "Geography at about.com". Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved March 1, 2006.