Pardah or purdah is a religious and social practice of female seclusion prevalent among some Muslim and Hindu communities. It takes two forms: physical segregation of the sexes and the requirement that women cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form. A woman who practices purdah can be referred to as pardanashin or purdahnishan. The term purdah is sometimes applied to similar practices in other parts of the world.
Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, commonly known as Begum Rokeya, was a prominent Bengali feminist thinker, writer, educator, professor, teacher and women empowerment and political activist for Bengali Muslim girls from East Bengal, undivided Bengal in present-day Bangladesh.
Sultana's Dream is a 1905 Bengali feminist utopian story in English, written by Begum Rokeya, also known as Rokeya Sahkawat Hossain, a Muslim feminist, writer and social reformer from Bengal. It was published in the same year in Madras-based English periodical The Indian Ladies Magazine.
The Begum's Fortune, also published as The Begum's Millions, is an 1879 novel by Jules Verne, with some utopian elements and other elements that seem clearly dystopian. It is noteworthy as the first published book in which Verne was cautionary, and somewhat pessimistic about the development of science and technology.
Dandara was an Afro-Brazilian warrior of the colonial period of Brazil and was part of the Quilombo dos Palmares, a settlement of Afro-Brazilian people who freed themselves from enslavement, in the present-day state of Alagoas. After being arrested on February 6, 1694, she committed suicide, refusing to return to a life of slavery. She is a mysterious figure today, because not much is known about her life. Most of the stories about her are varied and disconnected. She and her husband Zumbi dos Palmares, the last king of the Quilombo dos Palmares, had three children.
"Pra não dizer que não falei das flores", also known as "Caminhando", is a song composed by Geraldo Vandré that ranked second in the III Festival Internacional da Canção in 1968. Although it was the most applauded song of the night and very well received by the public, the music did not guarantee to Vandré the prize thanks to orders given the station Rede Globo by the first Army command who condemned the composition because they considered it extremely critical of the government. The first place prize went to the song "Sabiá" of Tom Jobim and Chico Buarque; the authors ended up being booed for about 23 minutes while the people continued to sing Vandré's song. Considered a violation of the sovereignty of the country and a mockery of the armed forces, public playing of the song was forbidden by the Brazilian military dictatorship the following day along with the edition of AI-5, and the composer had become one of the most hunted persons in the country. The general Luís de Oliveira França, Security Secretary, warned that the music would serve as a slogan for the street manifestations hereafter. All the registers of Vandré's presentation at the festival were deleted.
Fábio Villela Barreto Borges was a Brazilian filmmaker, actor, screenwriter, and film producer. He was best known for directing O Quatrilho and Lula, o filho do Brasil, a biography based on President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's early life, which had been the most expensive film in the history of Brazilian cinema upon its release. Barreto slipped into a coma in 2009 after being involved in a car accident in Rio de Janeiro and, in August 2014, was reported to be in a minimally conscious state. He died on November 20, 2019, after almost 10 years in a coma.
The Funnies, also known as Bubbly the Astronaut, is a Brazilian comic strip series, created in 1963 and part of the Monica's Gang comic strips. It centers around Bubbly, an astronaut, whose parents and ex-girlfriend Rita appear very rarely, making him the only recurring character. The comic strip can be defined as a science fiction adventure strip.
Maria Firmina dos Reis was a Brazilian author. She is considered Brazil's first black female novelist. In 1859, she published her first book Úrsula, which is considered the first Brazilian abolitionist novel. The book tells the story of a love triangle, in which the system of slavery is put into question.
Fourth-wave feminism is a feminist movement that began around 2012 and is characterized by a focus on the empowerment of women, the use of internet tools, and intersectionality. The fourth wave seeks greater gender equality by focusing on gendered norms and the marginalization of women in society.
Feminism in Bangladesh seeks equal rights of women in Bangladesh through social and political change. Article 28 of Bangladesh constitution states that "Women shall have equal rights with men in all spheres of the State and of public life".
Tia Ciata, born Hilária Batista de Almeida (1854–1924) was a Brazilian cook, mãe-de-santo of Candomblé, and an influential figure in the development of samba. She was born in Santo Amaro, Bahia, and initiated in Candomblé in Salvador by Bangboshe Obitikô. She was a devotee of deity Oshun and became the iyakekerê, or second most important leader, in the terreiro of João Alabá in Rio de Janeiro. "Ciata", the name by which she is now known, is a variant on the Arabic name Aycha; it was a common feminine name among the Muslim community from Portuguese Guinea that formerly resided in Rio de Janeiro.
Maria Filipa de Oliveira is a controversial figure. She is believed to be an Afro-Brazilian independence fighter from island of Itaparica, Bahia, active during the Brazilian War of Independence. The independence struggle against the Portuguese lasted a little over a year, with many battles centered on Itaparica. Maria Filipa is noted as one of three women who participated in the struggle for Bahia's independence in 1823, the others being the military figure Maria Quitéria (1792-1853) and Sister Joana Angélica (1761-1822).
Emília Freitas (1855–1908) was a Brazilian novelist, poet and teacher. She wrote what is considered the first Brazilian fantasy novel, A Rainha do Ignoto, about a utopian society inhabited by women.
Laudelina de Campos Melo was an Afro-Brazilian activist, labor organizer and community worker. A domestic worker for most of her life, she recognized early in life the discrimination against and undervaluation of working women. Throughout her life, she strove to change public perception and policy vis-à-vis domestic workers, and was successful in establishing organizations for domestic workers to lobby for being recognized as a class of workers entitled to labor rights.
Linn da Quebrada is the stage name of Lina Pereira dos Santos, a Brazilian singer, actress, screenwriter, and television personality.
Luísa Mahin was a formerly enslaved woman of African origin. A controversial character, she is believed to have taken part in the organization of the slave uprisings that shook the Province of Bahia in the first decades of the nineteenth century. She was supposedly a major player and strategist in the Malê Revolt, in which she helped inform the others involved through written communications in Arabic.
Flavio Colin was a Brazilian comic artist and illustrator, considered one of the most important comic artists in Brazil. He began his career in the 1950s with an adaptation for the comic book radio series As Aventuras do Anjo, influenced by Milton Caniff, but began to gain prominence with the development of his own stylized artist style. In 1987, he was awarded with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years. He also won the Troféu HQ Mix in 1994 and 1995. Flávio Colin died in Rio de Janeiro on 2002.
Edson Rontani was a Brazilian illustrator and fanzine editor, known for having created the first Brazilian fanzine about comics.
Jarid Arraes is a Brazilian poet and writer. She is the writer of such books as As Lendas de Dandara, Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis, Um buraco com meu nome, and Redemoinho em dia quente. Arraes lives in São Paulo, where she created the Women's Writing Club. To date, she has more than 70 publications in the cordel literature style, including the biographical collection Heroínas Negras na História do Brasil.
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