Ambassadors of Spain

Last updated

Ambassadors of Spain are government officials appointed by the Spanish monarch on the advice of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to act as diplomatic representatives to foreign nations, international organizations, and as ambassadors-at-large. These appointments do not require any type of confirmation by the Cortes Generales , although the Constitution prevents the government and, therefore, its representatives, from entering into certain international agreements without its authorization. [1]

Contents

Ambassadors report to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and, depending on the matter or geographical area, also answer to the Ministry's secretaries of state or directors-general. They do not have a fixed term of office, serving at the pleasure of the government. However, it is an unwritten custom that diplomats serve for at least four years. [2] [3]

According to the 2014 State Foreign Action and Service Act, article 44(4), "Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassadors, Permanent Representative Ambassadors, and Chargés d'Affaires shall be appointed from among officials of the Diplomatic Service in the manner determined by regulations, without prejudice to the Government, in the exercise of its discretionary power, being able to appoint as Ambassadors persons who do not belong to the Diplomatic Service". [4] Thus, in Spain there are two types of ambassadors: career diplomats and political appointees. As of August 2024, there are only five "political" ambassadors. [5]

Current ambassadors of Spain

This list is made up based on information provided by a public list compiled by the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation. Last update was made on September 24, 2025. [6] Also, the work "History of the Spanish Diplomacy" by diplomat and historian Miguel Ángel Ochoa Brun is used for historical data (until 2000). [7] The date of establishment is the date when the diplomatic relations were first established; it also shows, if there were previous relations, the year in which it was elevated to the rank of embassy.

  Political appointees, that is, they are not part of the diplomatic career.
Host countryListAmbassadorAppointmentEmbassy and websiteEstablished
(Embassy rank)
Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan [a] List Ricardo Losa Giménez2 August 2021
(4 years ago) (2 August 2021)		 Kabul 1950 [b]
Flag of Albania.svg Albania List Gabriel Cremades Ventura4 March 2025
(7 months ago) (4 March 2025)		 Tirana 1929
(1986) [c]
Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria List Fernando Morán Calvo-Sotelo9 September 2018
(7 years ago) (9 September 2018)		 Algiers 1493
(1962) [d]
Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra List Carlos Pérez-Desoy Fages2 February 2023
(2 years ago) (2 February 2023)		 Andorra la Vella 1993 [9]
Flag of Angola.svg Angola List Manuel María Lejarreta Lobo17 November 2021
(3 years ago) (17 November 2021)		 Luanda 1977 [10]
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1988
(1989)
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina List Joaquín María de Arístegui Laborde29 October 2024
(11 months ago) (29 October 2024)		 Buenos Aires 1848
(1917) [11]
Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia List The ambassador to Russia Moscow 1992
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia List Esther Monterrubio Villar30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Canberra 1967
(1968) [12]
Flag of Austria.svg Austria List María Aurora Mejía Errasquín13 March 2024
(19 months ago) (13 March 2024)		 Vienna 1802 [e]
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan List The ambassador to Turkey Ankara 1992 [f]
Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1976
(1978) [13]
Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain List The ambassador to Kuwait Kuwait City 1972 [14]
Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh List Gabriel María Sistiaga Ochoa de Chinchetru28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Dhaka 1972 [15] [g]
Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1986 [h]
Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus List The ambassador to Russia Moscow 1992
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium List José María Rodríguez Coso3 June 2025
(4 months ago) (3 June 2025)		 Brussels 1843
(1921)
Flag of Belize.svg Belize List The ambassador to Guatemala Guatemala City 1989 [i]
Flag of Benin.svg Benin List The ambassador to Nigeria Abuja 1966 [16] [j]
Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan List The ambassador to India New Delhi 2012
Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia List Fernando García Casas11 June 2024
(16 months ago) (11 June 2024)		 La Paz 1847
(1954)
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina List María Milagrosa Molina Álvarez de Toledo30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Sarajevo 1993
Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana List The ambassador to Namibia Windhoek 1983 [k]
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil List María del Mar Fernández-Palacios Carmona6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022)		 Brasilia 1834
(1933)
Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei List The ambassador to Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1984
Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria List Miguel Alonso Berrio29 February 2024
(19 months ago) (29 February 2024)		 Sofia 1910
(1977) [l]
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso List The ambassador to Mali Bamako 1964 [18]
Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi List The ambassador to Tanzania Dar es Salaam 1969 [m]
Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia List The ambassador to Thailand Bangkok 1964
Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon List Juan Pedro Pérez-Gómez Delaunay1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025)		 Yaoundé 1961 [19]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada List Alfredo Martínez Serrano29 September 2021
(4 years ago) (29 September 2021)		 Ottawa 1953 [20]
Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde List Ana Paredes Prieto6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022)		 Praia 1977 [21]
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic List The ambassador to Cameroon Yaoundé 1964 [18]
Flag of Chad.svg Chad List 1975 [22]
Flag of Chile.svg Chile List Laura Oroz Ulibarri22 July 2025
(2 months ago) (22 July 2025)		 Santiago de Chile 1844
(1928)
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China List Marta Betanzos Roig17 January 2024
(20 months ago) (17 January 2024)		 Beijing 1575
(1973) [n]
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia List Santiago Jiménez Martín7 January 2025
(9 months ago) (7 January 2025)		 Bogotá 1881
(1950) [23]
Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros List The ambassador to South Africa Pretoria 1984 [o]
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo List María del Carmen Díez Orejas28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Kinshasa 1969
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo List The ambassador to the Democratic Republic of Congo1973 [24]
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands List The ambassador to New Zealand [p] Wellington 1998
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica List Juan Ignacio Morro Villacián26 August 2025
(51 days ago) (26 August 2025)		 San José 1850
(1949)
Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia List José Ramón García Hernández 7 May 2025
(5 months ago) (7 May 2025)		 Zagreb 1993 [25]
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba List Francisco Javier Hergueta Garnica23 March 2024
(18 months ago) (23 March 2024)		 Havana 1902
(1926) [q]
Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus List Gabriel Ferrán Carrión14 September 2021
(4 years ago) (14 September 2021)		 Nicosia 1968 [26] [r]
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic List María Pérez Sánchez-Laulhé1 May 2024
(17 months ago) (1 May 2024)		 Praga 1977 [s]
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark List Salvador Rueda Rabanal21 January 2025
(8 months ago) (21 January 2025)		 Copenhagen 1516
Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti List The ambassador to Ethiopia Addis Ababa 1982
Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1980
(1986)
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic List Lorea Arribalzaga Ceballos17 June 2025
(3 months ago) (17 June 2025)		 Santo Domingo 1855
(1948) [28]
Flag of East Timor.svg East Timor (Timor-Leste) List The ambassador to Indonesia Yakarta 2002
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador List Enrique Erik Yturriaga Saldanha31 January 2024
(20 months ago) (31 January 2024)		 Quito 1840
(1951)
Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt List Sergio Román Carranza Förster23 September 2025
(23 days ago) (23 September 2025)		 Cairo 1893
(1949) [t]
Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador List Sonia Isabel Álvarez Cibanal30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 San Salvador 1914
(1950)
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea List Francisco Javier Conde y Martínez de Irujo28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Malabo 1968 [29]
Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea List The ambassador to Sudan Khartoum 1993
Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia List Ángel María Vázquez Díaz de Tuesta1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025)		 Tallinn 1991 [u]
Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini List The ambassador to Mozambique Maputo 1979 [30]
Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia List Guillermo Antonio López Mac-Lellan28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Addis Ababa 1951
(1960)
Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji List The ambassador to New Zealand [p] Wellington 1977 [31]
Flag of Finland.svg Finland List Manuel Montobbio de Balanzó16 September 2025
(30 days ago) (16 September 2025)		 Helsinki 1918
(1957) [32]
Flag of France.svg France List Victorio Redondo Baldrich29 September 2021
(4 years ago) (29 September 2021)		 Paris 1475
Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon List Rafael Chaves Beardo1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025)		 Libreville 1961
(1963)
Flag of The Gambia.svg The Gambia List The ambassador to Senegal Dakar 1965 [33]
Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia List The ambassador to Turkey Ankara 1992 [v]
Flag of Germany.svg Germany List Pascual Navarro Ríos14 February 2024
(20 months ago) (14 February 2024)		 Berlin 1871 [w]
Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana List Ángel Lossada Torres-Quevedo30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Accra 1968 [34]
Flag of Greece.svg Greece List Jorge Domecq 15 October 2024
(12 months ago) (15 October 2024)		 Athenas 1834
(1953) [35]
Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1986 [h]
Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala List María Clara Girbau Ronda13 March 2024
(19 months ago) (13 March 2024)		 Guatemala City 1883
(1954)
Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea List Ángel Carrascal Gutiérrez28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Conakry 1965 [36]
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau List Enrique Conde León30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Bissau 1975 [37]
Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1986 [x]
Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti List Marco Antonio Peñín Toledano30 January 2024
(20 months ago) (30 January 2024)		 Port-au-Prince 1860
(1952) [38]
Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Holy See
(Vatican City)		 List Isabel Celaá 26 January 2022
(3 years ago) (26 January 2022)		 Vatican City
Homepage 		1480 [39] [40]
Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras List Diego Nuño García6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022)		 Tegucigalpa 1894
(1951) [41]
Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary List Luis Ángel Redondo Gómez23 September 2025
(23 days ago) (23 September 2025)		 Budapest 1920
(1977) [y]
Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland List The ambassador to Norway Oslo 1949
(1966)
Flag of India.svg India List Juan Antonio March Pujol 5 June 2024
(16 months ago) (5 June 2024)		 New Delhi 1956 [43]
Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia List Bernardo de Sicart Escoda15 July 2025
(3 months ago) (15 July 2025)		 Yakarta 1967 [44]
Flag of Iran.svg Iran List Antonio Sánchez-Benedito Gaspar14 May 2024
(17 months ago) (14 May 2024)		 Tehran 1842
(1957) [z]
Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq List Alicia Rico Pérez del Pulgar30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Baghdad 1946
(1953) [46]
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland List María Teresa Lizaranzu Perinat26 August 2025
(51 days ago) (26 August 2025)		 Dublin 1924
(1950) [47]
Flag of Israel.svg Israel [aa] List Ana María Salomón Pérez20 July 2021
(4 years ago) (20 July 2021)		 Tel Aviv 1986 [49]
Flag of Italy.svg Italy List Miguel Ángel Fernández-Palacios 11 October 2022
(3 years ago) (11 October 2022)		 Rome 1865
(1887)
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast List Guillermo Marín Gorbea30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Abidjan 1967 [ab]
Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica List José María Fernández López de Turiso5 November 2024
(11 months ago) (5 November 2024)		 Kingston 1966
(1967) [50] [ac]
Flag of Japan.svg Japan List Íñigo de Palacio España28 January 2025
(8 months ago) (28 January 2025)		 Tokyo 1590
(1952) [38]
Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan List Miguel María de Lucas González26 April 2022
(3 years ago) (26 April 2022)		 Amman 1947
(1953) [46]
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan List Luis Francisco Martínez Montes1 June 2024
(16 months ago) (1 June 2024)		 Astana 1997 [ad]
Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya List Jaime Alejandro Moreno Bau8 July 2025
(3 months ago) (8 July 2025)		 Nairobi 1965
(1967) [51]
Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati List The ambassador to New Zealand Wellington 2011
Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait List Manuel Hernández Gamallo19 June 2024
(15 months ago) (19 June 2024)		 Kuwait City 1964 [ae] [52]
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan List The ambassador to Kazakhstan Astana 1996
Flag of Laos.svg Laos List The ambassador to Thailand Bangkok 1967 [44]
Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia List Manuel Alhama Orenes7 September 2022
(3 years ago) (7 September 2022)		 Riga 1991
Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon List José Ignacio Santos Aguado17 March 2022
(3 years ago) (17 March 2022)		 Beirut 1860s
(1953) [46]
Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho List The ambassador to South Africa Pretoria 1982 [af]
Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia List The ambassador to Ivory Coast Abidjan 1863
(1954) [ag]
Flag of Libya.svg Libya [ah] List Javier Soria Quintana1 May 2024
(17 months ago) (1 May 2024)		 Tripoli 1784
(1962) [ai]
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein List The ambassador to Switzerland Berna 1991
Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania List José Fernando Fernández-Aguayo Muñoz1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025)		 Vilnius 1991
Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg [aj] List María Nieves Blanco Díaz1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025)		 Luxembourg 1891 [54]
(1955)
Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar List The ambassador to South Africa Pretoria 1966 [16] [ak]
Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi List The ambassador to Zimbabwe Harare 1972 [55]
Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia List José Luis Pardo Cuerdo6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022)		 Kuala Lumpur 1967 [44]
Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives List The ambassador to India New Delhi 1983
Flag of Mali.svg Mali List Antonio Guillén Hidalgo28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Bamako 1964 [56]
Flag of Malta.svg Malta List José María Muriel Palomino15 December 2021
(3 years ago) (15 December 2021)		 Valletta 1969 [57]
Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta List The ambassador to the Holy See Vatican City
Homepage 		1483
(1972)
Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands List The ambassador to the Philippines Manila 1992
Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania List Pablo Barbará Gómez4 March 2025
(7 months ago) (4 March 2025)		 Nouakchott 1961
(1962) [58]
Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius List The ambassador to South Africa Pretoria 1982 [al]
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico List Juan Duarte Cuadrado31 August 2022
(3 years ago) (31 August 2022)		 Mexico City 1836
(1860)
Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Micronesia List The ambassador to the Philippines Manila 1992
Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova List The ambassador to the Romania Bucarest 1993
Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco List The ambassador to France Paris 1876
(2013)
Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia List The ambassador to China Beijing 1977 [am]
Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro List The ambassador to Serbia Belgrade 2006
Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco List Enrique Ojeda Vila24 January 2024
(20 months ago) (24 January 2024)		 Rabat 1578
(1956) [59]
Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique List Teresa Orjales Vidal28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Maputo 1977 [60]
Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar List The ambassador to Thailand Bangkok 1967 [61]
Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia List Francisco Javier Pagalday Gastelurrutia15 July 2025
(3 months ago) (15 July 2025)		 Windhoek 1990 [62]
Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1995
Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal List The ambassador to India New Delhi 1968 [63]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands List Consuelo Femenía 29 December 2021
(3 years ago) (29 December 2021)		 The Hague 1649
Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand List Luis Alfonso Sánchez-Vellisco15 July 2025
(3 months ago) (15 July 2025)		 Wellington 1969 [57]
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua List Pilar María Terrén Lalana20 July 2022
(3 years ago) (20 July 2022)		 Managua 1850
(1951)
Flag of Niger.svg Niger List Gloria Mínguez Ropiñón28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Niamey 1965 [an]
Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria List Félix Costales Artieda27 May 2025
(4 months ago) (27 May 2025)		 Abuja 1961 [19]
Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea List The ambassador to South Korea Seoul 2001 [64] [ao]
Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia List Rafael Soriano Ortiz30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Skopje 1995
Flag of Norway.svg Norway List Alejandra del Río Novo3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024)		 Oslo 1902 [ap]
(1958) [65]
Flag of Oman.svg Oman List Francisco Javier de Istúriz Simonet23 April 2024
(17 months ago) (23 April 2024)		 Muscat 1972 [66]
Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan List José Antonio de Ory Peral4 May 2022
(3 years ago) (4 May 2022)		 Islamabad 1951 [67]
Flag of Palau.svg Palau List The ambassador to the Philippines Manila 1997
Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine Spain recognized the State of Palestine in May 2024, [68] however, no ambassador has been appointed yet.
Flag of Panama.svg Panama List Guzmán Palacios Fernández14 September 2021
(4 years ago) (14 September 2021)		 Panama City 1880s
(1951)
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1979 [69]
Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay List Javier Parrondo Babarro10 December 2024
(10 months ago) (10 December 2024)		 Asunción 1880
(1949) [70]
Flag of Peru.svg Peru List Alejandro Abellán García de Diego20 March 2024
(18 months ago) (20 March 2024)		 Lima
Homepage 		1879
(1939)
Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines List Miguel Utray Delgado24 August 2022
(3 years ago) (24 August 2022)		 Manila 1951 [71]
Flag of Poland.svg Poland List Ramiro Fernández Bachiller29 April 2022
(3 years ago) (29 April 2022)		 Warsaw 1519
Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal List Juan Fernández Trigo28 December 2023
(21 months ago) (28 December 2023)		 Lisbon 1474
(1479)
Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar List Álvaro Renedo Zalba4 March 2025
(7 months ago) (4 March 2025)		 Doha 1973 [72] [aq]
Flag of Romania.svg Romania List José Antonio Hernández Pérez-Solórzano7 September 2022
(3 years ago) (7 September 2022)		 Bucarest 1881
(1977) [ar]
Flag of Russia.svg Russia List Ricardo Martínez Vázquez3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024)		 Moscow
Homepage 		1718 [as]
Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda List The ambassador to Tanzania Dar es Salaam 1967 [74] [m]
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1987
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1987 [h]
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines List
Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa List The ambassador to New Zealand [p] Wellington 1980
(1992)
Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino List The ambassador to Italy Rome
Homepage 		1978 [75]
(1993)
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe List The ambassador to Gabon Libreville 1982 [at]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia List Javier María Carbajosa Sánchez4 March 2025
(7 months ago) (4 March 2025)		 Riyadh 1948
(1953) [au]
Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal List María Dolores Ríos Peset13 March 2024
(19 months ago) (13 March 2024)		 Dakar 1961 [19]
Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia List Juan José Sanz Aparicio28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Belgrade 1910
(1977)
Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles List The ambassador to Ethiopia Addis Ababa 1978 [76]
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone List The ambassador to Guinea Conakry 1964 [77]
Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore List Mercedes Alonso Frayle12 July 2022
(3 years ago) (12 July 2022)		 Singapore 1968 [78]
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia List Sofía Ruiz del Árbol Moro17 June 2025
(3 months ago) (17 June 2025)		 Bratislava 1993
Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia List Javier Herrera García-Canturri3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024)		 Ljubljana 1992 [av]
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1981
Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia List The ambassador to Kenya Nairobi 1968 [78]
Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa List José Manuel Pascual García16 April 2025
(6 months ago) (16 April 2025)		 Pretoria 1951
(1960) [79]
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea List Julio Herraiz España1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025)		 Seoul 1962 [aw]
Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan List The ambassador to Sudan Khartoum 2012
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka List The ambassador to India New Delhi 1967
Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan List Isidro Antonio González Afonso29 December 2021
(3 years ago) (29 December 2021)		 Khartoum 1967 [81]
Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1990 [ax]
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden List Luis Manuel Cuesta Civís27 August 2024
(13 months ago) (27 August 2024)		 Stockholm 1633
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland List María Celsa Nuño García30 November 2021
(3 years ago) (30 November 2021)		 Berna 1513
Flag of Syria (2025-).svg Syria [ay] List Antonio González-Zavala Peña24 December 2024
(9 months ago) (24 December 2024)		 Damascus 1948
(1956) [85]
Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan Spain maintained relations with the Republic of China until 1973. [n] Since then, diplomatic relations have been carried out by the Taipei Consular Section of the Consulate General in Manila.
Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan List The ambassador to Kazakhstan Astana 1997
Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania List Paloma Serra Robles1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025)		 Dar es Salaam 1967 [86]
Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand List Felipe de la Morena Casado8 December 2021
(3 years ago) (8 December 2021)		 Bangkok 1870
(1961) [az]
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo List The ambassador to Ghana Accra 1965 [88]
Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga List The ambassador to New Zealand [p] Wellington 1979
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago List María Cristina Pérez Gutiérrez30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Port of Spain 1967 [89] [ba]
Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia List Francisco Javier Puig Saura11 October 2022
(3 years ago) (11 October 2022)		 Tunisia 1475
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey List Cristina Latorre Sancho27 March 2024
(18 months ago) (27 March 2024)		 Ankara 1519 [bb]
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan List The ambassador to Russia Moscow 1992
Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1992
(2002)
Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda List The ambassador to Kenya Nairobi 1969 [91]
Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine List Ricardo López-Aranda Jagu6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022)		 Kyiv 1992 [92]
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates List Emilio Pin Godos12 February 2025
(8 months ago) (12 February 2025)		 Abu Dhabi 1972 [93] [bc]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom List José Pascual Marco Martínez25 August 2021
(4 years ago) (25 August 2021)		 London
Homepage 		1494
Flag of the United States.svg United States List Ángeles Moreno Bau 17 January 2024
(20 months ago) (17 January 2024)		 Washington, D.C.
Homepage 		1778
(1926)
Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay List Javier Salido Ortiz21 January 2025
(8 months ago) (21 January 2025)		 Montevideo 1842
(1953) [95]
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan List The ambassador to Russia Moscow 1992 [bd]
Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1981
(1992)
Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela List Álvaro Albacete Perea3 December 2024
(10 months ago) (3 December 2024)		 Caracas 1845
(1949) [96]
Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam List Carmen Cano de Lasala28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023)		 Hanoi 1964 [97] [be]
Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen List Spain closed its embassy in Yemen in 2012, [98] transferring its operations to the European Union delegation and, in 2015, it halted all operations indefinitely. [99] 1968 [100] [101] [be]
Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia List María Lourdes Sangróniz Guerricagoitia1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025)		 Harare 1969 [101]
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe List 1980 [102]
Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abkhazia The Republic of Abkhazia is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.
Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo The Republic of Kosovo is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.
Flag of South Ossetia.svg South Ossetia The Republic of South Ossetia is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.

Ambassadors to international organizations

  Political appointees, that is, they are not part of the diplomatic career.

Ambassadors to the United Nations

Host organizationListAmbassadorAppointmentRepresentation and websiteEstablished
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations List Héctor Gómez Hernández 5 December 2023
(22 months ago) (5 December 2023)		 New York 1956 [103]
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations (Deputy) List Ana Jiménez de la Hoz6 April 2022
(3 years ago) (6 April 2022)		 New York
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations Office at Geneva List Marcos Gómez Martínez3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024)		 Geneva 1955
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations Office at Geneva (Deputy) List Clara Cabrera Brasero12 April 2023
(2 years ago) (12 April 2023)
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations Office at Geneva
(Deputy - Disarmament)		 List María Bassols Delgado18 April 2024
(17 months ago) (18 April 2024)
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations Office at Geneva
(Deputy - Trade)		 List María Pilar Morán Reyero11 April 2025
(6 months ago) (11 April 2025)
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations International Organizations at Rome
(U.N. Agencies for Food and Agriculture)		 List The ambassador to Italy Rome 1951
Flag of UNESCO.svg United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization List Miquel Iceta 5 December 2023
(22 months ago) (5 December 2023)		 Paris 1956
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations Office at Vienna List María Sebastián de Erice30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		 Vienna 1980 [104]
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations Office at Nairobi List The ambassador to Kenya Nairobi

Ambassadors to European organizations

Host organizationListAmbassadorAppointmentRepresentation and websiteEstablished
Flag of Europe.svg European Union List Marcos Alonso Alonso 21 July 2021
(4 years ago) (21 July 2021)		 Brussels 1960
Flag of Europe.svg European Union (Deputy) List Oriol Escalas Nolla3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024)		1979
Flag of Europe.svg Political and Security Committee List Guillermo Ardizone García30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		2000
Flag of Europe.svg Council of Europe List Rosa Velázquez Álvarez26 August 2025
(51 days ago) (26 August 2025)		 Strasbourg 1977 [105]

Other international organizations

Current Spanish ambassadors to other international organizations:

Host organizationListAmbassadorAppointmentRepresentation and websiteEstablished
Flag of the African Union.svg African Union List The ambassador to Ethiopia Addis Ababa
Flag CPLP.svg Community of Portuguese Language Countries List The ambassador to Portugal Lisboa 2021 [106]
Flag of IAEA.svg International Atomic Energy Agency List The ambassador to the UN in Vienna Vienna 1980
Flag of NATO.svg North Atlantic Treaty Organization List Federico Torres Muro 11 October 2022
(3 years ago) (11 October 2022)		 Brussels 1982
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development List Ximo Puig 21 February 2024
(19 months ago) (21 February 2024)		 Paris 1954
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons List The ambassador to the Netherlands The Hague 1997 [107]
Flag of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.svg Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe List Cristóbal Ramón Valdés y Valentín-Gamazo25 August 2021
(4 years ago) (25 August 2021)		 Vienna 1995 [108]
Flag of the Organization of American States.svg Organization of American States List Carmen Montón Giménez 10 March 2020
(5 years ago) (10 March 2020)		 Washington, D.C. 1972 [109]
Inter-American Defense Board
Flag of WHO.svg Pan American Health Organization 1980
International Seabed Authority List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1997

Ambassadors-at-large

Current ambassadors-at-large from Spain, known in Spanish as Embajadores en Misión Especial (lit. 'Ambassadors in Special Mission' or Special Ambassadors), are the following:

PortfolioAmbassadorAppointmentEstablished
Peacekeeping OperationsMaría Luisa Huidobro Martín-Laborda [110] 12 November 2024
(11 months ago) (12 November 2024)		1993
Mediterranean AffairsJuan Lugo Sanchiz [111] 25 June 2025
(3 months ago) (25 June 2025)		1997
Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of LawMiriam Álvarez de la Rosa Rodríguez [112] 5 March 2025
(7 months ago) (5 March 2025)		1998
Ibero-American CooperationJorge Mijangos Blanco [113] 3 September 2025
(43 days ago) (3 September 2025)		2000
Migration AffairsMaría del Pilar Méndez Jiménez [114] 21 February 2024
(19 months ago) (21 February 2024)		2009
Global HealthMencía de Silos Manso de Zúñiga Spottorno [115] 1 October 2025
(15 days ago) (1 October 2025)		2011
SahelAlberto Cerezo Sobrino [116] 22 January 2025
(8 months ago) (22 January 2025)		2013
Cross-border CooperationBorja Montesino Martínez del Cerro [117] 26 August 2025
(51 days ago) (26 August 2025)		2021
Femenist Foreign PolicyAna María Alonso Giganto [118] 12 June 2024
(16 months ago) (12 June 2024)		2021
Indo-PacificMaría Elena Gómez Castro [119] 18 September 2024
(12 months ago) (18 September 2024)		2022
Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesJesús Ángel Celada Pérez [120] 28 May 2025
(4 months ago) (28 May 2025)		2022
Development FinancingCristina Díaz Fernández-Gil [121] 24 September 2025
(22 days ago) (24 September 2025)		2024
LGTBI+ rightsJorge Antonio Noval Álvarez [122] 2 July 2025
(3 months ago) (2 July 2025)		2025

Other officials with the rank of ambassador

PositionAmbassadorAppointedDateLaw granting the rank
Introducer of Ambassadors Adrián Martín Couce30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024)		1626 Article 23(1), Royal Decree 1184/2024.
Under-Secretary of Foreign Affairs Xavier Martí Martí28 August 2024
(13 months ago) (28 August 2024)		1834 Article 9, Decree of 15 July 1955
Director of the Diplomatic School Cecilia Robles Cartes4 December 2024
(10 months ago) (4 December 2024)		1942Article 19(4), Royal Decree 1184/2024

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Embassy of Spain in Kabul was closed and transferred operations to Doha, Qatar (residence), and Islamabad, Pakistan (visas and consular affairs) following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban. [8]
  2. ↑ The first ambassador was appointed in 1950, with residence in Baghdad from 1950 to 1960, in Ankara from 1970 to 1974 and in Tehran from 1974 to 1979. After decades without diplomatic relations, they were reestablished in 2002.
  3. ↑ Spain had a charge d'affairs in Albania from 1929 to 1939, and the ambassador to Italy assumed the representation during the Italian protectorate. Diplomatic relations were restablished in 1986, with the category of ambassador.
  4. ↑ Spain kept diplomatic relations with the Regency of Algiers (since Barbarossa). Modern relations established in 1962, with the first ambassador.
  5. ↑ Spain has kept relations with the Holy Roman Empire since the 15th century. Since 1802, Spain has maintained an ambassador in Vienna with hardly any interruptions.
  6. ↑ Ambassador with residence in Moscow until 1998, and in Ankara since then.
  7. ↑ Ambassador with residence in New Delhi until 2008.
  8. 1 2 3 Ambassador resident in Kingston until 2001 and in Port of Spain since 2007.
  9. ↑ From 1989 to 1993, the ambassador to the Organization of American States was accredited to Belize. Since 1993, the ambassador to Guatemala serves as such.
  10. ↑ The ambassador to Benin had its residence in Nigeria (1966–1968), Ivory Coast (1969–1989) and, since 1979, again in Nigeria.
  11. ↑ Ambassador resident in Harare, Zimbabwe until 1988.
  12. ↑ Diplomatic relations since 1910, with a lapsus between the abolition of the Bulgarian monarchy and 1977. [17]
  13. 1 2 Ambassador resident in Kinshasa until 1995.
  14. 1 2 Spain has maintained diplomatic relations with Imperial China since the late 16th century. Current diplomatic mission to the People's Republic of China was established in 1973.
  15. ↑ Ambassador resident in Harare, Zimbabwe from 1984 to 1988, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from 1989 to 1997 and, since then, in Pretoria, South Africa.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Ambassador residence relocated from Camberra to Wellington between 2008 and 2010.
  17. ↑ The first ambassador was appointed in 1926, although it has not been a permanent position, having been a permanent since 1975.
  18. ↑ Ambassador resident in Beirut until 1979, and from 1998 to 2002, and in Damascus from 1979 to 1998.
  19. ↑ Czechoslovakia and Spain established diplomatic relations in 1919. The Second World War interrupted these relations, which were reestablished in 1977, with embassy status. [27]
  20. ↑ Peter Martyr d'Anghiera was sent in 1501 with the title of ambassador to the sultan of Egypt. However, modern diplomatic relations were established in 1893. The diplomatic mission has the rank of embassy since 1949.
  21. ↑ Ambassador resident in Helsinki until 2003.
  22. ↑ Ambassador resident in Moscow until 2007. Ambassador-at-large for Georgia and the Caucasus states from 2008 to 2011. Ambassador resident in Sofia between 2011 and 2012 and Ambassador resident in Ankara since 2013.
  23. ↑ Modern relations established after the German unification in 1871, however, Spain has mantained diplomatic relations with the Holy Roman Empire (1477–1806), the German independent states (such us Prussia, the German Confederation (1855–1866), the North German Confederation (1866–1869) and the following German states.
  24. ↑ Ambassador with residence in Caracas until 2007 and in Port of Spain since then.
  25. ↑ Hungary and Spain established diplomatic relations after Hungary's independence from Austria in 1920. Severed after World War II, they were reestablished in 1977 with embassy status. [42]
  26. ↑ Spain maintained occasional contacts with Safavid Iran and its successors, even exchanging ambassadors. In 1842, a treaty of friendship and trade was signed, officially inaugurating diplomatic relations. In 1957, they were elevated to the rank of ambassador. [45]
  27. ↑ Spain recalled its ambassador on 8 September 2025. [48]
  28. ↑ Non-resident ambassador (Liberia) until 1968.
  29. ↑ From 1967 to 1977, the ambassador in Haiti was dually accredited to Jamaica. Since 1977, there is a ambasador resident.
  30. ↑ Ambassador resident in Moscow until 1999.
  31. ↑ Ambassador resident in Beirut from 1964 to 1972 and with residence in Kuwait City since 1972.
  32. ↑ Ambassador resident in Maputo, Mozambique from 1982 to 1995 and, since 1996, in Pretoria, South Africa.
  33. ↑ Spain established a resident embassy in 1954, but closed it due to the First Liberian Civil War. Following the restablishment of relations in 1997, the ambassador to Ivory Coast assumed responsibility for Liberia–Spain relations.
  34. ↑ The Embassy of Spain in Tripoli suspended operations in 2014. Diplomatic personnel operate from the Embassy in Tunis, Tunisia.
  35. ↑ Spain established a consulate in Tripoli after signing a Peace Treaty with the Regency of Tripoli. [53]
  36. ↑ The head of Mission was resident in Amsterdam from 1891 to 1922, and in Brussels until 1970.
  37. ↑ Ambassador resident in Addis Ababa, Ethipoia from 1966 to 1968, in Nairobi, Kenia from 1969 to 1994, and in Pretoria, South Africa since 1994.
  38. ↑ Ambassador resident in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from 1982 to 1997 and, since then, in Pretoria, South Africa.
  39. ↑ Ambassador resident in Moscow until 1995 and in Beijing since then.
  40. ↑ Ambassador resident in Monrovia from 1965 to 1969 and in Abidjan from 1969 to 2007.
  41. ↑ The ambassador to China served as ambassador to North Korea until 2006.
  42. ↑ Ambassador resident in Stockholm from 1902 to 1907 and in Copenhagen from 1907 to 1919.
  43. ↑ Ambassador resident in Kuwait between 1973 and 1978 and in Abu Dhabi until 2008. Since then, the ambassador resides in the host country.
  44. ↑ Relations were interrupted in 1947, following the abdication of King Michael I, and re-established in 1977, with the status of embassy. [73]
  45. ↑ Spain and Russia have maintained stable diplomatic relations since the 18th century. After the rupture during dictatorship of Francisco Franco, they were reestablished in 1977.
  46. ↑ Resident in Luanda until 1995.
  47. ↑ In 1953, the Ambassador to Egypt was dual accredited to Saudi Arabia and, since 1956, there is an independent Embassy in Riyadh. [59]
  48. ↑ Ambassador resident in Vienna until 1998.
  49. ↑ Ambassador resident in Tokyo until 1973. [80]
  50. ↑ Ambassador resident in Caracas until 2010 and in Port of Spain since then.
  51. ↑ Spain closed it embassy in 2012. [82] In December 2024, the government appointed and special envoy to gradually re-establish diplomatic relations. [83] [84]
  52. ↑ Spain had some contact with the Kingdom of Siam between the 16th and 18th centuries, and these remained stable from the 1870s onwards, through the embassy in China (until 1949). In 1961, Spain elevated its legation to embassy. [87]
  53. ↑ The ambassador in Caracas served as such until 2006.
  54. ↑ Spain and Turkey —the Ottoman Empire— has kept diplomatic relations since the 16th century. The first Peace, Friendship and Trade treaty was signed in 1782 and, in 1951, modern relations were established. [90]
  55. ↑ Ambassador resident in Kuwait until 1973. [94]
  56. ↑ Modern relations were established in 1992. Historic relations dates back to the 15th century, when Ruy González de Clavijo was sent as ambassador of Castile to court of Timur.
  57. 1 2 Date of creation of the mission in one of the sides before the unification of the country.

References

  1. ↑ Boletín Oficial del Estado (1978). "Spanish Constitution of 1978" (PDF). www.boe.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2025. Retrieved 9 October 2025. Article 94. Before contracting obligations by means of treaties or agreements, the State shall require the prior authorisation of the Cortes Generales in the following cases:
    a) treaties of a political nature;
    b) treaties or agreements of a military nature;
    c) treaties or agreements affecting the territorial integrity of the State or the fundamental rights and duties established under Title I;
    d) treaties or agreements which imply financial liabilities for the Public Treasury;
    e) treaties or agreements which involve amendment or repeal of some law or require legislative measures for their execution.
    2. Congress and the Senate shall be informed forthwith regarding the conclusion of other treaties or agreements.
  2. ↑ Rodríguez, Antonio (2022-05-31). "Sánchez mantendrá al embajador en Rabat hasta su jubilación para afianzar la nueva etapa". The Objective (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  3. ↑ Digital, Confidencial (2010-06-08). "Carlos Bastarreche, el histórico embajador ante la Unión Europea, será previsiblemente desplazado a París tras sus 'encontronazos' con Diego López Garrido". Confidencial Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  4. ↑ Royal Household (26 March 2014). "Ley 2/2014, de 25 de marzo, de la Acción y del Servicio Exterior del Estado" [Law 2/2014, of March 25, on the Action and Foreign Service of the State]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  5. ↑ Calleja, Juan (2024-08-01). "Cinco de los 122 embajadores y representantes de España no son funcionarios de la carrera diplomática". Newtral (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  6. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 September 2025). "Embajadores/es de España en el exterior" [Ambassadors of Spain abroad](PDF). www.exteriores.gob.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  7. ↑ Ochoa Brun, Miguel Ángel (2000). "History of the Spanish Diplomacy - DIPLOMATIC REPERTOIRE- CHRONOLOGICAL LISTS OF REPRESENTATIVES - From the Early Middle Ages to the year 2000" (PDF) (in Spanish).
  8. ↑ Digital, Confidencial (2025-06-09). "La embajada de España en Afganistán da señales de vida después de cuatro años de silencio". Confidencial Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  9. ↑ Ministry for Public Administrations (23 June 1993). "Real Decreto 852/1993, de 4 de junio, por el que se crea la misión diplomática permanente de España en el Principado de Andorra" [Royal Decree 852/1993, of June 4, establishing the permanent diplomatic mission of Spain in the Principality of Andorra.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 October 1977). "Real Decreto 2648/1977, de 6 de octubre, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en la República Popular de Angola" [Royal Decree 2648/1977, of October 6, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the People's Republic of Angola with resident status.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  11. ↑ Ministry of State (8 May 1917). "Royal Decree promoting to Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador, assigning him with this category to the Embassy of Spain in Argentina, to Mr. Pablo Soler y Guardiola, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the first class in the aforementioned Republic" (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  12. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 June 1968). "Decreto 1179/1968, de 30 de mayo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Canberra" [Decree 1179/1968, of May 30, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Canberra.](PDF). www.boe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  13. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (18 April 1978). "Real Decreto 735/1978, de 30 de marzo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Bahamas" [Royal Decree 735/1978, of March 30, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Bahamas.]. www.boe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  14. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 November 1972). "Decreto 3111/1972, de 10 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Al-Manama" [Decree 3111/1972, of November 10, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Manama]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  15. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 May 1972). "Decreto 1172/1972, de 12 de mayo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Dacca" [Decree 1172/1972, of May 12, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Dhaka.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  16. 1 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (25 April 1966). "Decretos 972/1966 y 973/1966, de 14 de abril, por el que se crean las Embajadas de España en Tananarive y Porto Novo" [Decrees 972/1966 and 973/1966, of April 14, establishing the Spanish Embassies in Tananarive and Porto Novo.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  17. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (8 February 1977). "Real Decreto 207/1977, de 8 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República Popular de Bulgaria" [Royal Decree 207/1977, of February 8, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the People's Republic of Bulgaria.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  18. 1 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (17 December 1964). "Decretos 4103/1964 y 4102/1964, de 17 de diciembre, por el que se crean las Embajadas de España en Ouagadougou y Bangui" [Decree 4103/1964, of December 17, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Ouagadougou.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  19. 1 2 3 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (6 March 1961). "Decretos 382/1961, 383/1961 y 383/1961, de 23 de febrero, por el que se crea las Embajadas de España en Dakar, Yaundé y Lagos" [Decrees 382/1961, 383/1961 and 383/1961, of February 23, creating the Spanish Embassies in Dakar, Yaoundé and Lagos.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  20. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1 March 1953). "Decreto de 20 de febrero de 1953 por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Ottawa" [Decree of February 20, 1953, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Ottawa.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  21. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 December 1977). "Real Decreto 3282/1977, de 21 de diciembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República de Cabo Verde" [Royal Decree 3282/1977, of December 21, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Cape Verde]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  22. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (27 February 1975). "Decreto 272/1975, de 7 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Nyamena" [Decree 272/1975, of February 7, establishing the Embassy of Spain in N'Djamena.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  23. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 February 1950). "Decreto de 3 de febrero de 1950 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación diplomática de España en Colombia" [Decree of February 3, 1950, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Colombia to an embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  24. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 February 1973). "Decreto 156/1973, de 26 de enero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Brazzaville" [Decree 156/1973, of January 26, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Brazzaville.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  25. ↑ Ministry for Public Administrations (18 May 1993). "Real Decreto 681/1993, de 7 de mayo, por el que se crea la Misión Diplomática Permanente de España en la República de Croacia" [Royal Decree 681/1993, of May 7, establishing the Permanent Diplomatic Mission of Spain in the Republic of Croatia.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  26. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 March 1968). "Decreto 492/1968, de 7 de marzo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Nicosia" [Decree 492/1968, of March 7, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Nicosia](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  27. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (23 February 1977). "Real Decreto 212/1977, de 18 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República Socialista de Checoslovaquia" [Royal Decree 212/1977, of February 18, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  28. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1 February 1948). "Decreto de 23 de enero de 1948 por el que se eleva a Embajada la representación de España en la República de Santo Domingo" [Decree of January 23, 1948, elevating the representation of Spain in the Republic of Santo Domingo to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  29. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 October 1968). "Decreto 2468/1968, de 9 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Santa Isabel (Malabo)" [Decree 2468/1968, of October 9, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Santa Isabel (Malabo).](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  30. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (28 December 1979). "Real Decreto 2856/1979, de 21 de diciembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en el Reino de Swazilandia" [Royal Decree 2856/1979, of December 21, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Kingdom of Swaziland.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  31. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (23 February 1977). "Real Decreto 211/1977, de 18 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Fiji" [Royal Decree 211/1977, of February 18, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Fiji.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  32. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20 March 1990). "Real Decreto 373/1990, de 16 de marzo, por el que se crea la Misión Diplomática Permanente de España en Namibia" [Royal Decree 373/1990, of March 16, establishing the Permanent Diplomatic Mission of Spain in Namibia.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  33. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 September 1965). "Decreto 2474/1965, de 14 de agosto, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Bathurst" [Decree 2474/1965, of August 14, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Bathurst.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  34. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 January 1968). "Decreto 3146/1967, de 28 de diciembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Accra" [Decree 3146/1967, of December 28, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Accra.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  35. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 April 1953). "Decreto de 27 de marzo de 1953 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España cerca de Su Majestad el Rey de Grecia" [Decree of March 27, 1953, elevating the Diplomatic Representation of Spain to His Majesty the King of Greece to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  36. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 April 1965). "Decreto 699/1965, de 20 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Conakry" [Decree 699/1965, of February 20, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Conakry.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  37. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (6 May 1975). "Decreto 918/1975, de 25 de abril, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Guinea-Bissao" [Decree 918/1975, of April 25, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Guinea-Bissau.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  38. 1 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (17 February 1952). "Decreto de 1 y 8 de febrero de 1952 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación diplomática de España en Haití y se crea la Embajada de España cerca de Su Majestad el Emperador del Japón" [Decree of February 1 and 8, 1952, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Haiti to an embassy and creating the Embassy of Spain to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  39. ↑ Verdú, Daniel (2022-06-27). "A peek inside the oldest embassy in the world". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  40. ↑ Ryan, George (2023-04-03). "Did You Know? The World's Oldest Embassy to the Holy See". uCatholic. Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  41. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (19 December 1951). "Decreto de 7 de diciembre de 1951 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España en Honduras" [Decree of December 7, 1951, elevating the Diplomatic Representation of Spain in Honduras to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  42. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (22 February 1977). "Real Decreto 207/1977, de 8 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República Popular de Bulgaria" [Royal Decree 207/1977, of February 8, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the People's Republic of Bulgaria.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  43. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (18 June 1956). "Decreto de 8 de junio de 1956 por el que se crea, en régimen de recirprocidad, la Embajada de España en Nueva Delhi" [Decree of June 8, 1956, establishing, on a reciprocal basis, the Embassy of Spain in New Delhi.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  44. 1 2 3 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (19 June 1967). "Decretos 1239/1967, 1239/1967, de 24 de mayo y 1239/1967, de 1 de junio, por el que se crea las Embajadas de España en Kuala Lumpur, Vientiane y Yakarta" [Decrees 1239/1967, 1239/1967, of May 24, and 1239/1967, of June 1, creating the Spanish Embassies in Kuala Lumpur, Vientiane, and Jakarta.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  45. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 June 1957). "Decreto de 31 de mayo de 1957 por el que se eleva en régimen de reciprocidad a Embajada la de España cerca de Su Majestad Imperial el Shah del Irán" [Decree of May 31, 1957, by which the Embassy of Spain to His Imperial Majesty the Shah of Iran is elevated under a reciprocal regime.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  46. 1 2 3 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (29 August 1953). "Decretos de 11 de agosto de 1953 por los que se elevan a la categoría de Embajada de las Representaciones Diplomáticas de España en Irak, Jordania y Líbano" [Decrees of August 11, 1953, elevating the Spanish diplomatic representations in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon to the status of Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  47. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (12 September 1950). "Decreto de 8 de septiembre de 1950 por el que se eleva a la categoría de Embajada la Representación de España en Dublín" [Decree of 8 September 1950 elevating the Spanish Representation in Dublin to the status of Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  48. ↑ "Spain recalls ambassador to Israel amid clash over 'Gaza genocide' measures, anti-Semitism claims". France 24. 2025-09-08. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  49. ↑ "Por qué España no va a tener una embajada en Palestina y sí en Israel". OndaCero (in Spanish). 2024-05-28. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  50. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (29 May 1967). "Decretp 1035/1967, de 5 de mayo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Kingston" [Decree 1035/1967, of May 5, creating the Embassy of Spain in Kingston](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  51. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 October 1967). "Decreto 2390/1967, de 19 de agosto, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Nairobi" [Decree 2390/1967, of August 19, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Nairobi](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  52. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 November 1964). "Decreto 3500/1964, de 29 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Kuwait" [Decree 3500/1964, of October 29, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Kuwait]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  53. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (23 November 1784). "Decreto del Rey participando al Consejo haberse firmado el Tratado de Paz entre esta Corona y la Regencia de Trípoli." [Decree of the King informing the Council that the Peace Treaty between the Crown and the Regency of Tripoli has been signed.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  54. ↑ cf29705c66 (2021-04-22). "Relaciones diplomáticas y consulares entre España y Luxemburgo (1890-1930). Con motivo del centenario del primer nombramiento de un cónsul de Luxemburgo en Madrid". Foro Ecónomico Hispano-Luxemburgués (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  55. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (28 October 1972). "Decreto 2918/1972, de 27 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Zomba" [Decree 2918/1972, of October 27, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Zomba.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  56. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 October 1964). "Decreto 2956/1964, de 17 de septiembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República del Mali" [Decree 2956/1964, of September 17, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Mali.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  57. 1 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 May 1969). "Decretos 910/1969 y 911/1969, de 8 de mayo, por el que se crean las Embajada de España en La Valetta y Wellington" [Decrees 910/1969 and 911/1969, of May 8, establishing the Spanish Embassies in Valletta and Wellington.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  58. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 March 1962). "Decreto 497/1962, de 8 de marzo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Nouakchott" [Decree 497/1962, of March 8, creating the Embassy of Spain in Nouakchott](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  59. 1 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 May 1956). "Decretos de 14 de mayo de 1956 por el que se establecen las Embajadas de España en Arabia Saudi y Marruecos" [Decrees of May 14, 1956, establishing the Spanish Embassies in Saudi Arabia and Morocco.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  60. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 October 1977). "Real Decreto 2649/1977, de 6 de octubre, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en la República Popular de Mozambique" [Royal Decree 2649/1977, of October 6, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the People's Republic of Mozambique, with resident status.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  61. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (9 May 1967). "Decreto 919/1967, de 13 de abril, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Rangún" [Decree 919/1967, of April 13, creating the Embassy of Spain in Rangoon](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  62. ↑ Ministry for Public Administrations (20 March 1990). "Real Decreto 373/1990, de 16 de marzo, por el que se crea la Misión Diplomática Permanente de España en Namibia" [Royal Decree 373/1990, of March 16, establishing the Permanent Diplomatic Mission of Spain in Namibia.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  63. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (4 May 1968). "Decreto 918/1968, de 25 de abril, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Katmandú" [Decree 918/1968, of April 25, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Kathmandu](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  64. ↑ EFE (2001-02-08). "España nombra embajador en Pyongyang para 'pacificar' Corea". El País (in Spanish). ISSN   1134-6582 . Retrieved 2025-10-09.
  65. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 February 1957). "Decreto de 1 de febrero de 1957 por el que se eleva, en régimen de reciprocidad, a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España cerca de Su Majestad el Rey de Noruega" [Decree of February 1, 1957, by which the Diplomatic Representation of Spain to His Majesty the King of Norway is elevated, on a reciprocal basis, to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  66. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20 November 1972). "Decreto 3160/1972, de 10 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Muskat" [Decree 3160/1972, of November 10, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Muskat.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  67. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (17 September 1951). "Decreto de 7 de septiembre de 1951 por el que se establece la Embajada de España en Karachi" [Decree of 7 September 1951 establishing the Embassy of Spain in Karachi.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  68. ↑ "Gaza war: Spain, Ireland and Norway formally recognise Palestinian state". www.bbc.com. 2024-05-28. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  69. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 April 1979). "Real Decreto 854/1979, de 20 de abril, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Papúa-Nueva Guinea" [Royal Decree 854/1979, of April 20, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Papua New Guinea.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  70. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 December 1949). "Decreto de 23 de diciembre de 1949 por el que se eleva a Embajada la representación de España en Paraguay" [Decree of December 23, 1949, elevating the representation of Spain in Paraguay to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  71. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 January 1951). "Decreto de 5 de enero de 1951 por el que se eleva a la categoría de Embajada la Representación diplomática de España en Manila" [Decree of January 5, 1951, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Manila to the category of Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  72. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 January 1973). "Decreto 37/1973, de 12 de enero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Doha" [Decree 37/1973, of January 12, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Doha.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  73. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (22 February 1977). "Real Decreto 210/1977, de 8 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República Socialista de Rumania" [Royal Decree 210/1977, of February 8, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Socialist Republic of Romania.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  74. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 August 1967). "Decreto 1819/1967, de 22 de julio, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Kigali" [Decree 1819/1967, of July 22, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Kigali.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  75. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 May 1978). "Canje de Notas por las que se establecen relaciones diplomáticas con la República de San Marino, de fechas 1 y 31 de marzo de 1978" [Exchange of Notes establishing diplomatic relations with the Republic of San Marino, dated March 1 and 31, 1978.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  76. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (8 November 1978). "Real Decreto 2618/1978, de 3 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República de Seychelles" [Royal Decree 2618/1978, of November 3, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Seychelles.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  77. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 September 1964). "Decreto 2704/1964, de 18 de agosto, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Sierra Leona" [Decree 2704/1964, of August 18, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Sierra Leone.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  78. 1 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 July 1968). "Decretos 1488/1968 y 1489/1968, de 27 de junio, por el que se crean las Embajadas de España en Singapur y Mogadiscio" [Decrees 1488/1968 and 1489/1968, of June 27, establishing the Embassies of Spain in Singapore and Mogadishu.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  79. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (8 October 1960). "Decreto 1834/1960, de 7 de abril, por el que se eleva a Embajada la categoría de la Representación Diplomática de España en la Unión Surafricana" [Decree 1834/1960, of April 7, elevating the category of the Diplomatic Representation of Spain in the Union of South Africa to Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  80. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 March 1973). "Decreto 510/1973, de 9 de marzo, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en la República de Corea" [Decree 510/1973, of March 9, establishing, with resident status, the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Korea.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  81. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 February 1967). "Decreto 190/1967, de 2 de febrero, por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España en Sudán" [Decree 190/1967, of February 2, elevating the Diplomatic Representation of Spain in Sudan to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  82. ↑ González, Miguel (2012-03-06). "Madrid shuts its embassy in Damascus". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  83. ↑ González, Miguel (2024-12-23). "España nombra un enviado especial para entablar contacto con las nuevas autoridades sirias". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  84. ↑ "Spain raises flag at Damascus embassy after 12-year closure". France 24. 2025-01-16. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  85. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (21 January 1956). "Decreto de 13 de enero de 1956 por el que, en régimen de reciprocidad, se eleva a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España en Damasco" [Decree of January 13, 1956, by which, under a reciprocal regime, the Diplomatic Representation of Spain in Damascus is elevated to the status of Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  86. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 June 1967). "Decreto 1109/1967, de 23 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Dar Es Salaam" [Decree 1109/1967, of February 23, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Dar Es Salaam](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  87. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (22 August 1961). "Decreto 1509/1961, de 20 de julio, por el que se eleva a Embajada la representación diplomática de España cerca de Su Majestad el Rey de Tailandia" [Decree 1509/1961, of July 20, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain to His Majesty the King of Thailand to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  88. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (15 November 1965). "Decreto 3228/1965, de 4 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Lomé" [Decree 3228/1965, of November 4, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Lomé.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  89. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 July 1967). "Decreto 1706/1967, de 13 de julio, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Puerto España" [Decree 1706/1967, of July 13, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Port of Spain](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  90. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 January 1951). "Decreto de 4 de enero de 1951 por el que se eleva a Embajada la categoría de la Representación diplomática de España en Turquía" [Decree of January 4, 1951, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Turkey to an embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  91. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20 October 1969). "Decreto 2357/1969, de 2 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Kampala" [Decree 2357/1969, of October 2, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Kampala.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  92. ↑ Ministry for Public Administrations (24 February 1992). "Real Decreto 159/1992, de 21 de febrero, por el que se crea la Misión Diplomática Permanente de España en Ucrania" [Royal Decree 159/1992, of February 21, establishing the Permanent Diplomatic Mission of Spain in Ukraine.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  93. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 November 1972). "Decreto 3110/1972, de 10 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Abu-Dhabi" [Decree 3110/1972, of November 10, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Abu Dhabi.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  94. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (21 November 1973). "Decreto 2910/1973, de 2 de noviembre, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos" [Decree 2910/1973, of November 2, establishing, with resident status, the Embassy of Spain in the United Arab Emirates.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  95. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (23 May 1953). "Decreto de 4 de mayo de 1953 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España en Uruguay" [Decree of May 4, 1953, elevating the Diplomatic Representation of Spain in Uruguay to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  96. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (22 September 1949). "Decreto de 14 de septiembre de 1949 por el que se eleva a Embajada la categoría de la Representación de España en Venezuela" [Decree of September 14, 1949, elevating the status of the Spanish Representation in Venezuela to Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  97. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (25 March 1964). "Decreto 633/1964, de 12 de marzo, por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación diplomática de España en Saigón" [Decree 633/1964, of March 12, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Saigon to an Embassy.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  98. ↑ "España cierra su Embajada en Yemen y se traslada a la delegación de la UE". Diario ABC (in Spanish). 2012-12-10. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  99. ↑ "España suspende de forma temporal la actividad de su embajada en Yemen". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  100. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 October 1968). "Decreto 2576/1968, de 17 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Aden" [Decree 2576/1968, of October 17, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Aden.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  101. 1 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (27 October 1969). "Decretos 2402/1969 y 2403/1969, de 16 de octubre, por el que se crean las Embajadas de España en Lusaka y Sanaa" [Decrees 2402/1969 and 2403/1969, of October 16, creating the Embassies of Spain in Lusaka and Sanaa.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  102. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 November 1980). "Real Decreto 2456/1980, de 7 de noviembre, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en la República de Zimbabwe" [Royal Decree 2456/1980, of November 7, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Zimbabwe with resident status.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  103. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1 January 1956). "Decreto de 23 de diciembre de 1955 por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España en la Organización de las Naciones Unidas y Organos de la misma" [Decree of December 23, 1955, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the United Nations and its Organs.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  104. ↑ "Representación: funciones e historia". www.exteriores.gob.es (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 2025-06-13. Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  105. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (17 December 1977). "Real Decreto 3192/1977, 1 de diciembre, por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España en el Consejo de Europa" [Royal Decree 3192/1977, of 1 December, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the Council of Europe.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  106. ↑ Press, Europa (2021-07-17). "La Comunidad de Países de Lengua Portuguesa aprueba el ingreso de España como Estado observador asociado". COPE (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  107. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (8 August 1997). "Real Decreto 1271/1997, de 24 de julio, por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España en la Organización para la Prohibición de las Armas Químicas con sede en La Haya" [Royal Decree 1271/1997, of July 24, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, based in The Hague]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  108. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (27 September 1995). "Real Decreto 1526/1995, de 15 de septiembre, por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España ante la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa, con sede en Viena" [Royal Decree 1526/1995, of September 15, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, with headquarters in Vienna]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  109. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (21 August 1972). "Decreto 2184/1972, de 18 de agosto, por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España ante la Organización de Estados Americanos" [Decree 2184/1972, of August 18, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the Organization of American States.](PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  110. ↑ Press, Europa (2024-11-11). "El Gobierno nombra nuevos embajadores en misión especial para los países del Golfo Pérsico y Mantenimiento de la Paz". www.europapress.es. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  111. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (25 June 2025). "Real Decreto 538/2025, de 24 de junio, por el que se designa Embajador en Misión Especial para Asuntos del Mediterráneo a don Juan Lugo Sanchiz". Official State Gazette. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  112. ↑ Valdivia, Antonio Ruiz (2025-03-04). "Miriam Álvarez de la Rosa, nueva embajadora en Misión Especial para los Derechos Humanos". infoLibre (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  113. ↑ Burgos, Diario de (2025-09-07). "El diplomático burgalés Jorge Mijangos, embajador para la Cooperación Iberoamericana". Diario de Burgos (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  114. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (21 February 2024). "Real Decreto 190/2024, de 20 de febrero, por el que se designa Embajadora en Misión Especial para Asuntos Migratorios a doña María del Pilar Méndez Jiménez". Official State Gazette. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  115. ↑ "Mencía Manso de Zúñiga, embajadora en Misión Especial para la Salud Global". Redacción Médica (in Spanish). 2025-10-02. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  116. ↑ "El Gobierno nombra nuevos embajadores en Dinamarca, Uruguay y el Sahel". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  117. ↑ "El Gobierno permite a Exteriores nombrar nueva secretaria general técnica y cambiar cinco embajadores". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2025-08-26. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  118. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (12 June 2024). "Real Decreto 550/2024, de 11 de junio, por el que se designa Embajadora en Misión Especial para la Política Exterior Feminista a doña Ana María Alonso Giganto". Official State Gazette. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  119. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (18 September 2024). "Real Decreto 929/2024, de 17 de septiembre, por el que se designa Embajadora en Misión Especial para Indo-Pacífico a doña María Elena Gómez Castro". Official State Gazette. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  120. ↑ "El Gobierno aprueba el nombramiento del nuevo embajador en misión especial para la discapacidad | Líder en Información Social | Servimedia". www.servimedia.es (in Spanish). 2025-05-27. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  121. ↑ Press, Europa (2025-09-23). "El Gobierno nombra nuevos embajadores en Egipto y Hungría, de donde sale el exministro Dastis". www.europapress.es. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  122. ↑ Press, Europa (2025-07-01). "El Gobierno nombra al diplomático Jorge Noval Álvarez como embajador en Misión Especial para los derechos LGTBIQ+". www.europapress.es. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
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