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Anisolambda | |
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Mandible of Anisolambda amel | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | † Litopterna |
Family: | † Proterotheriidae |
Subfamily: | † Anisolambdinae |
Genus: | † Anisolambda Ameghino 1901 |
Type species | |
†Anisolambda fissidens Ameghino, 1901 | |
Species | |
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Synonyms | |
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Anisolambda is an extinct genus of litoptern. It lived from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Eocene in what is now Argentina.
This animal is mostly known from fossils of its maxilla, mandible and teeth, and it is therefore difficult to speculate on its appearance. Its molars were primitive in shape, and closely resembled those of the enigmatic Didolodus . They were distinguished from the latter by the presence of a strong paraconid, in an internal position, almost identical in size to the metaconid, and separated from the latter by a narrow indentation. [1] [2] Anisolambda may have been similar to more recent genera of Proterotheriidae, such as Diadiaphorus or Proterotherium , but without the characteristic limb specializations of the latter genera.
The genus Anisolambda was first described in 1901 by Florentino Ameghino, based on a mandible with teeth from the Eocene of Argentina. Ameghino latter described fossils of the maxilla, that he attributed to the genus Josepholeidya. Subsequent discoveries in slightly older terrains from the Late Paleocene of Brazil, including associated maxilla and mandible (which is now thought to belong to a different genus, Paranisolambda ), have allowed the researchers to understand that Anisolambda and Josepholeidya belonged to the same genus. [3] The type species is Anisolambda fissidens, from the Early and Middle Eocene of Argentina. Anisolambda amel was described by George Gaylord Simpson in 1948.
Anisolambda is one of the earliest litopterns, and its systematic position isn't clear due to its primitive dental characteristics. It is supposed that Anisolambda was one of the earliest and most basal members of Proterotheriidae, a clade of small to medium-sized litopterns, which in the course of their evolution developed horse-like forms, specially regarding the specializations of their legs. Anisolambda belonged to a separate subfamily, Anisolambdinae, including one the most basal proterotheres ; sometimes this clade is elevated to the rank of family, Anisolambdidae.
Victorlemoinea is an extinct litoptern genus of the family Sparnotheriodontidae, that lived from the Early to Middle Eocene. Fossils of Victorlemoinea have been found in the Las Flores, Sarmiento and Koluel Kaike Formations of Argentina, the Itaboraí Formation of Brazil and La Meseta Formation, Antarctica.
Carodnia is an extinct genus of South American ungulate known from the Early Eocene of Brazil, Argentina, and Peru. Carodnia is placed in the order Xenungulata together with Etayoa and Notoetayoa.
Astrapotheria is an extinct order of South American and Antarctic hoofed mammals that existed from the late Paleocene to the Middle Miocene, 59 to 11.8 million years ago. Astrapotheres were large, rhinoceros-like animals and have been called one of the most bizarre orders of mammals with an enigmatic evolutionary history.
Henricosborniidae is a family of extinct notoungulate mammals known from the Late Paleocene to Middle Eocene of Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. The name honors U.S. paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn.
Ernestokokenia is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the Didolodontidae. It lived during the Early Eocene and the Middle Eocene, and its fossils were discovered in South America.
Paulogervaisia is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the family Didolodontidae. Its fossilized remains have been found in South America.
Asmithwoodwardia is an extinct genus of mammals, from the order Litopterna. It lived during the Late Paleocene and the Early Eocene, and its fossilized remains were found in South America.
Protolipterna is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Litopterna. It lived during the Late Paleocene and the Early Eocene, in what is now South America.
Polymorphis is an extinct genus of litopterns belonging to the family Macraucheniidae. It lived during the Middle Eocene of Argentina.
Proadiantus(Ameghino, 1897) is an extinct genus of adianthid litoptern. It lived during the Late Oligocene, in what is today South America. It consists of only 1 species, Proadiantus excavatus.
Wainka is an extinct genus of South American mammal, belonging to the order Litopterna. It lived during the Middle Paleocene.
Proectocion is an extinct genus of adianthid litoptern. It lived during the Early Eocene, in what is now South America.
Protheosodon is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litoptern. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene in what is now Argentina and Colombia.
Xesmodon is an extinct genus of mammal. It lived from the Middle to the Late Eocene, in what is today South America.
Tetramerorhinus is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litoptern that lived during the Early and Middle Miocene in what is now Argentina and Peru.
Peripantostylops is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Henricosborniidae that lived during the Eocene in what is now Argentina.
Othnielmarshia is an extinct genus of placental mammal from the Paleocene and the Eocene of South America, belonging to the family Henricosborniidae within the order Notoungulata. It was named after the famous paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh.
Oldfieldthomasia is an extinct genus of Notoungulate, probably related to the suborder Typotheria. It lived during the Middle Eocene, in what is today South America.
Paranisolambda is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litopterns from the Early to Middle Eocene of Brazil. Fossils of Paranisolambda have been recovered from the Itaboraí Formation in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro.
Guilielmofloweria is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litoptern that lived from the Middle to Late Eocene of what is now Argentina. Fossils have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina.
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