Hegetotherium

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Hegetotherium
Temporal range: Early-Middle Miocene (Colhuehuapian-Colloncuran)
~21–15.5  Ma
Hegetotherium.svg
Skull of Hegetotherium mirabile
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order:† Notoungulata
Family:† Hegetotheriidae
Subfamily:† Hegetotheriinae
Genus:† Hegetotherium
Ameghino 1887
Species
  • H. mirabileAmeghino 1887 (type)
  • H. cerdasensis Croft et al. 2016

Hegetotherium is a small to middle-sized extinct genus of mammals, ranging from the size of rabbit (about 20-30 cm/12-16") to a beaver (about 3 ft/1 m) from the Early to Middle Miocene (Colhuehuapian-Colloncuran in the SALMA classification), through Pliocene sites of South America. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Cerro Bandera, [1] Cerro Boleadoras, [2] Chichinales, [3] [4] Collón Curá, Santa Cruz [5] [6] and Sarmiento Formations of Argentina, the Nazareno Formation of Bolivia, [7] and the Galera [8] and Río Frías Formations of Chile.

Contents

Taxonomy

Hegetotherium is currently restricted to the type species, H. mirable, of which H. convexum, H. anceps, H. minum and H. andinum are synonyms, but also H. cerdasensis. "Hegetotherium" arctum was formerly assigned to this genus, but is clearly not a member of Hegetotheriidae. "Hegetotherium" novum was formerly referred to the closely related genus Prohegetotherium , but is now considered generically distinct from that genus. [9] [10] Historically, it was believed that Hegetotherium persisted to the Pliocene, though the specimens formerly attributed to Hegetotherium from the Pliocene more likely belong to other Hegetotherids, such as Hemihegetotherium . [11]

Description

Hegetotheres are characterised by enlarged first upper incisors , implanted obliquely in the premaxilla, and lower teeth have a straight lingual face. They were among the most recently diverging families of Typothere Notiungulates ( an extinct order of ungulates that inhabited South America). With there ear;y fossil record closely resembeling mesotheres. [12]

The Hegetotheres, belonging to notoungulate group, have hypselodont (ever-growing) teeth. They reportedly have enlarged first upper incisors that are obliquely implanted in the prexamilla and lower teeth with a straight lingual face. [13] Their hypselodont teeth indicate that hegetotheres ate low-growing vegetables in open habitats. [14]

References

  1. ↑ Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Paz, Ernesto Rodrigo (2013). "Un Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) basal del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas (in Spanish). 30 (1): 186–195. ISSN   1026-8774.
  2. ↑ Vizcaino, Sergio F.; Bargo, M. Susana; Pérez, M. Encarnación; Aramendía, Inés; Cuitiño, José I.; Monsalvo, Eduardo S.; Vlachos, Evangelos; Noriega, Jorge I.; Kay, Richard F. (2022-09-30). "Fossil vertebrates of the early-middle Miocene Cerro Boleadoras Formation, northwestern Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina". Andean Geology. 49 (3): 382–422. doi: 10.5027/andgeoV49n3-3425 . ISSN   0718-7106.
  3. ↑ Barrio, Claudio; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Goin, Francisco J. (1989). "Litogénesis y antigüedad de la Formación Chichinales de Paso Córdoba (Río Negro, Argentina)". Actas, IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Mendoza. 4: 149–156.
  4. ↑ Federico L. Agnolin and Pablo Chafrat (2015). "New fossil bird remains from the Chichinales Formation (Early Miocene) of northern Patagonia, Argentina". Annales de Paléontologie. 101 (2): 87–94. Bibcode:2015AnPal.101...87A. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.02.001.
  5. ↑ Cuitiño, José I.; Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Bargo, M. Susana; Aramendía, Inés (2019-05-31). "Sedimentology and fossil vertebrates of the Santa Cruz Formation (early Miocene) in Lago Posadas, southwestern Patagonia, Argentina". Andean Geology. 46 (2): 383–420. doi: 10.5027/andgeoV46n2-3128 . hdl: 11336/96343 . ISSN   0718-7106.
  6. ↑ Zurita-Altamirano, Daniel; Buffetaut, Eric; Forasiepi, Analía M.; Kramarz, Alejandro; Carrillo, Juan D.; Aguirre-Fernández, Gabriel; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. (2019). "The Allemann collection from the Santa Cruz Formation (late early Miocene), Argentina, in Zurich, Switzerland". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology . 138 (2): 259–275. Bibcode:2019SwJP..138..259Z. doi: 10.1007/s13358-019-00185-5 . hdl: 11336/120785 . ISSN   1664-2384.
  7. ↑ Croft, Darin A.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Ciancio, MartÍn R.; Brandoni, Diego; Drew, Nicholas E.; Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico (2016-09-02). "New mammal faunal data from Cerdas, Bolivia, a middle-latitude Neotropical site that chronicles the end of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum in South America" . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (5): e1163574. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E3574C. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1163574. hdl: 11336/49745 . ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   87802865.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  8. ↑ Flynn, John J.; Novacek, Michael J.; Dodson, Holly E.; Frassinetti, Daniel; McKenna, Malcolm C.; Norell, Mark A.; Sears, Karen E.; Swisher, Carl C.; Wyss, André R. (2002-07-01). "A new fossil mammal assemblage from the southern Chilean Andes: implications for geology, geochronology, and tectonics" . Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 15 (3): 285–302. Bibcode:2002JSAES..15..285F. doi:10.1016/S0895-9811(02)00043-3. ISSN   0895-9811.
  9. ↑ F. D. Seoane, S. R. Juñent, and E. Cerdeño. 2017. Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37(1):e1278547:1-13.
  10. ↑ Seoane, Federico Damián; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2019-10-02). "Systematic revision of Hegetotherium and Pachyrukhos (Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata) and a new phylogenetic analysis of Hegetotheriidae" . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (19): 1635–1663. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1635S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1545146. ISSN   1477-2019. S2CID   92218443.
  11. ↑ Scott, William Berryman; Scott, William Berryman (1913). A history of land mammals in the Western Hemisphere; illustrated with 32 plates and more than 100 drawings. New York: Macmillan.
  12. ↑ "Hegetotheriidae : Darin A. Croft, PhD" . Retrieved 2025-01-25.
  13. ↑ "Hegetotheriidae : Darin A. Croft, PhD" . Retrieved 2025-01-25.
  14. ↑ Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Kay, Richard F.; Bargo, M. Susana (2012). Early Miocene paleobiology in Patagonia: high-latitude paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-19461-7.


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