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Proadiantus Temporal range: Late Oligocene ~ | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | † Litopterna |
Family: | † Adianthidae |
Subfamily: | † Adianthinae |
Genus: | † Proadiantus Ameghino 1897 |
Type species | |
Proadiantus excavatus Ameghino, 1897 | |
Species | |
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Synonyms | |
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Proadiantus(Ameghino, 1897) is an extinct genus of herbivorous, terrestrial, scansorial mammal, belonging to the order Litopterna. It lived during the Late Oligocene, in what is today South America. It consists of only 1 species, Proadiantus excavatus.
Proadiantus has been recorded to have existed from around 28 - 24 Ma.
There have been 8 occurrences of the fossils of the species, in present-day South America, especially Argentina. [1]
This animal is mainly known from fossil remains of its teeth, maxilla and mandible, and its appearance is therefore difficult to restore. It is assumed, from comparison with its better known relatives Adianthus and Adiantoides , that it was a small and slender litoptern.
Proadiantus differs from Adiantoides by its significantly larger size, and it may have been as large as a coyote. The molars had rather low upper crowns ; the upper molars had a mesostyle, but no clearly defined metastyle ; the hypoconus was elongated. The talonid of the second lower molar had a complex structure.
Proadiantus was one of the Adianthidae, a family of small sized litopterns with a characteristic dentition. Proadiantus seems to have been one of the most basal members of the group, at the basis of the subfamily Adianthinae. It was closely related to Thadanius and Tricoelodus .
Proadiantus excavatus was first described in 1897 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossilized remains from the Cabeza Blanca locality of the Sarmiento Formation, in the Chubut Province of Argentine Patagonia. The species Proadiantus pungidens, described several years later by Ameghino himself based on fossils from the same geological horizon, is now considered identical to the type species.
Pyrotherium is an extinct genus of South American ungulate, of the order Pyrotheria, that lived in what is now Argentina and Bolivia, during the Late Oligocene. It was named Pyrotherium because the first specimens were excavated from an ancient volcanic ash deposit. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Deseado and Sarmiento Formations of Argentina and the Salla Formation of Bolivia.
Victorlemoinea is an extinct litoptern genus of the family Sparnotheriodontidae, that lived from the Early to Middle Eocene. Fossils of Victorlemoinea have been found in the Las Flores, Sarmiento and Koluel Kaike Formations of Argentina, the Itaboraí Formation of Brazil and La Meseta Formation, Antarctica.
Prosotherium is an extinct genus of hegetotheriid notoungulate. It lived during the Late Oligocene, and its fossilized remains were found in South America.
Ernestokokenia is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the Didolodontidae. It lived during the Early Eocene and the Middle Eocene, and its fossils were discovered in South America.
Paulogervaisia is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the family Didolodontidae. Its fossilized remains have been found in South America.
Carolozittelia is an extinct genus of mammals, belonging to the order Pyrotheria. It contains the single species Carolozittelia tapiroides which lived during the Early Eocene. Its fossilized remains were found in South America.
Asmithwoodwardia is an extinct genus of mammals, from the order Litopterna. It lived during the Late Paleocene and the Early Eocene, and its fossilized remains were found in South America.
Protolipterna is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Litopterna. It lived during the Late Paleocene and the Early Eocene, in what is now South America.
Polymorphis is an extinct genus of litopterns belonging to the family Macraucheniidae. It lived during the Middle Eocene of Argentina.
Anisolambda is an extinct genus of litoptern. It lived from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Eocene in what is now Argentina.
Proectocion is an extinct genus of terrestrial, scansorial, herbivorous mammal, belonging to the order Litopterna. It lived during the Early Eocene, in what is now South America.
Isotemnus is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Isotemnidae. It lived from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Eocene of what is now Argentina.
Pleurostylodon is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Isotemnidae. It lived during the Middle Eocene, in what is now Argentina.
Eurygenium is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Notohippidae. It lived during the Late Oligocene in what is today South America.
Morphippus is an extinct genus of notohippid notoungulate that lived during the Middle to Late Oligocene in what is now South America.
Acoelodus is an extinct genus of placental mammal, belonging to the order Notoungulata. The genus was first described by Florentino Ameghino in 1897. Its fossilized remains were discovered in Casamayoran terrains from Argentine Patagonia.
Ancylocoelus is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Notoungulata. It lived during the Late Oligocene, in what is today Argentina, in South America.
Archaeopithecus is an extinct genus of Notoungulate, belonging to the suborder Typotheria. It lived during the Middle Eocene, in what is today Argentina.
Argyrohyrax is an extinct genus of interatheriid notoungulate that lived during the Late Oligocene, of what is now Argentina and Bolivia.
Glyptatelus is an extinct genus of glyptodont. It lived from the Late Eocene to the Middle Oligocene in what is now Argentina and Bolivia.