| Proadinotherium | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | † Notoungulata |
| Family: | † Toxodontidae |
| Subfamily: | † Nesodontinae |
| Genus: | † Proadinotherium Ameghino, 1894 |
| Type species | |
| †Proadinotherium leptognathum Ameghino, 1894 | |
| Species | |
| |
Proadinotherium is an extinct genus of toxodontid. It lived between the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene in what is now South America.
This genus is only known from very partial remains. From the comparison with its relatives Adinotherium and Nesodon , it is supposed that Adinotherium was an herbivorous animal the size of a sheep, with an elongated body and rather short legs ; it was probably more slender-built than the two latter forms. The legs, in particular, had more delicate and slender bones than those of Adinotherium and Nesodon. Proadinotherium was characterized by its teeth with a lower crown, less hypsodont than those of Adinotherium, but evocating more derived toxodontids. Its dentition was complete with a complex structure, and the development of a crest on the molars.
Proadinotherium is considered to be the most basal and oldest member of the Toxodontidae, the most specialized group of the notoungulates, which included the well known Pleistocene genus Toxodon , as well as a number of Miocene and Pliocene forms.
The genus Proadinotherium was first described in 1894 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossil remains found in Argentine Patagonia, with the type species being Proadinotherium leptognathum, known from various remains from the Santa Cruz Province and Chubut Province. Ameghino described several other species, from more recent Early Miocene deposits of Patagonia, such as P. angustidens and P. muensteri. Another species, P. saltoni, was discovered in the Salla Formation in Bolivia. [1] Other remains attributed to the genus have been found in the Tremembé Formation of Brazil, the Chaparral Formation of Colombia, and the Agua de la Piedra and Cerro Bandera Formations of Mendoza and Neuquén Provinces of Argentina. [2] [3]
Pyrotherium is an extinct genus of South American ungulate, of the order Pyrotheria, that lived in what is now Argentina and Bolivia, during the Late Oligocene. It was named Pyrotherium because the first specimens were excavated from an ancient volcanic ash deposit. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Deseado and Sarmiento Formations of Argentina and the Salla Formation of Bolivia.
Cramauchenia is an extinct genus of litoptern South American ungulate. Cramauchenia was named by Florentino Ameghino. The name has no literal translation. Instead, it is an anagram of the name of a related genus Macrauchenia. This genus was initially discovered in the Sarmiento Formation in the Chubut Province, in Argentina, and later it was found in the Chichinales Formation in the Río Negro Province and the Cerro Bandera Formation in Neuquén, also in Argentina, in sediments assigned to the SALMA Colhuehuapian, as well as the Agua de la Piedra Formation in Mendoza, in sediments dated to the Deseadan. In 1981 Soria made C. insolita a junior synonym of C. normalis. A specimen of C. normalis was described in 2010 from Cabeza Blanca in the Sarmiento Formation, in sediments assigned to the Deseadan SALMA.
Astrapotheriidae is an extinct family of herbivorous South American land mammals that lived from the Late Eocene to the Middle Miocene 37.71 to 15.98 million years ago. The most derived of the astrapotherians, they were also the largest and most specialized mammals in the Tertiary of South America. There are two sister taxa: Eoastrapostylopidae and Trigonostylopidae.
Parastrapotherium is an extinct genus of South American land mammal that existed from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene. The genus includes some of the largest and smallest known astrapotherian, but at present no generally recognized description can adequately characterize it.
Prosotherium is an extinct genus of hegetotheriid notoungulate. It lived during the Late Oligocene, and its fossilized remains were found in South America.
Astrapothericulus is an extinct genus of mammals, belonging to the order Astrapotheria. It lived during the Lower Miocene in what is now South America.
Argyrohippus is an extinct genus of notoungulate, belonging to the family Notohippidae. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, and its fossilized remains were found in South America.
Propachyrucos is an extinct genus of hegetotheriid notoungulate. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, in what is today South America.
Trachytherus is an extinct genus of mesotheriid notoungulate that lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene in what is now South America.
Isotemnus is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Isotemnidae. It lived from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Eocene of what is now Argentina.
Pleurostylodon is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Isotemnidae. It lived during the Middle Eocene, in what is now Argentina.
Eurygenium is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Notohippidae. It lived during the Late Oligocene in what is today South America.
Morphippus is an extinct genus of notohippid notoungulate that lived during the Middle to Late Oligocene in what is now South America.
Ancylocoelus is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Notoungulata. It lived during the Late Oligocene, in what is today Argentina, in South America.
Colpodon is an extinct genus of herbivorous mammal, belonging to the order Notoungulata. It lived during the Early Miocene, in what is today Argentina and Chile, in South America.
Argyrohyrax is an extinct genus of interatheriid notoungulate that lived during the Late Oligocene, of what is now Argentina and Bolivia.
Cochilius is an extinct genus of interatheriid notoungulate that lived between the Late Oligocene and the lower Miocene in what is now Argentina.
Prozaedyus is an extinct genus of chlamyphorid armadillo that lived during the Middle Oligocene and Middle Miocene in what is now South America.
Glyptatelus is an extinct genus of glyptodont. It lived from the Late Eocene to the Middle Oligocene in what is now Argentina and Bolivia.
Liarthrus is a genus of astrapotheriid mammal known from the Late Oligocene Sarmiento Formation of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It was described by the Argentine paleontologist Florentino Ameghino in 1895 along with several other genera from the "Pyrotherium Beds", which were then believed to date to the Cretaceous period. Ameghino described Liarthus on the basis of fragmentary, being only a right astragalus, premolar 4, and an incomplete premolar from the upper jaws. Only one species was described, L. copei, the species name honoring the American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, who lived during the same interval as Ameghino. Liarthrus was synonymized with the other astrapothere Parastrapotherium in 1914 by American mammologist Frederic Loomis, though it was revalidated by a 2008 analysis of Parastrapotherium. Liarthrus was a herbivorous mammal, being an astrapothere, which had large tusks on their skulls and mandibles in addition to a large body size.
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