Banded antbird

Not to be confused with wing-banded antbird.

Banded antbird
A banded antbird at Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thamnophilidae
Genus:	Dichrozona Ridgway, 1888
Species:	D. cincta
Binomial name
Dichrozona cincta (Pelzeln, 1868)
Synonyms [2]
Cyphorhinus (Microcerculus) cinctusPelzeln, 1868 [3] Hypocnemis stellataSclater & Salvin, 1880 [4] Dichrozona zononotaRidgway, 1888 [5] Dichrozona zonotaRiker & Chapman, 1891 [6] Dichrozona cinctaHellmayr, 1903 [7] Dichrozona cinctusChapman, 1917 [8] Microcerculus cinctusIhering, 1905 [9]

The banded antbird (Dichrozona cincta) – sometimes called banded antwren despite not being close to the true antwrens – is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". ^[10] It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. ^[11]

Taxonomy and systematics

The banded antbird was described by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1868 and given the scientific name Cyphorhinus (Microcerculus) cinctus. ^[3] The present genus Dichrozona was erected by the American ornithologist Robert Ridgway in 1888. ^{[5] [12]}

The banded antbird has had many scientific names between its first description and the present, and its taxonomy remains unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee assigns it three subspecies, the nominate D. c. cincta (Pelzeln, 1868), D. c. stellata (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1880), and D. c. zononota (Ridgway, 1888). ^[10] The Clements taxonomy and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World treat it as monotypic. ^{[13] [14]} All agree that it is the only member of genus Dichrozona. ^{[10] [13] [14]}

This article follows the three-subspecies model.

Description

The banded antbird is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long and weighs 14 to 15.5 g (0.49 to 0.55 oz). The species has a long bill and a short tail. Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a thin white supercilium and a blackish line through the eye on an otherwise grayish face. Their crown, nape, and upper back are cinnamon-brown with a white patch between the scapulars. Their lower back, rump, and uppertail coverts are banded with black, white, and gray. Their wings are black with cinnamon to chestnut edges on the flight feathers and buff to white tips on the coverts. Their tail is mostly black except for the mostly white outermost feathers. Their throat, breast, and belly are white with a band of black spots across the breast and brownish gray flanks. Adult females have a buff band on the lower back and fewer spots on buff-tinged underparts. The other two subspecies differ somewhat from the nominate and each other in the depth of their back color, the amount of gray on their flanks, and the extent of spotting on the breast. ^{[15] [16] [17] [18]}

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of the banded antbird is found from east of the Andes in south-central and southeastern Colombia through extreme southwestern Venezuela into the upper Rio Negro watershed in northwestern Brazil. Subspecies D. c. stellata is found in eastern Ecuador, northern Peru, and western Brazil. Subspecies D. c. zononota is found in southern Peru, northwestern Bolivia, and west-central Brazil. ^{[10] [15]} The species inhabits evergreen forest, primarily terra firme away from waterways, and favors areas with an open understorey and much leaf litter. It is almost entirely terrestrial. In general it is found up to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level but reaches only 500 m (1,600 ft) in Colombia and 450 m (1,500 ft) in Ecuador. ^{[15] [16] [17] [18]}

Behavior

Movement

The banded antbird is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range. ^[15]

Feeding

The banded antbird's diet has not been detailed but is thought to be arthropods. It mostly forages singly and sometimes in pairs, and does not join mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages almost entirely while walking on the ground, probing and flipping leaf litter. It also reaches and jumps to glean from leaves and stems. ^{[15] [16] [17] [18]}

Breeding

The banded antbird's breeding season includes November but otherwise is unknown. One nest is known; it was a cup in the fork of a bush 0.1 m (4 in) above the ground. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology. ^[15]

Songs and calls Listen to banded antbird on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The banded antbird's song is a "slow, gradually rising series of about 15-20 drawn-out, loud, very sharp 'tueét' notes". ^[16] It sings from the ground or not far above it on a stump or downed log. Its calls include a "short whistle...sounding like "wheee-up" [and a] variable-length (e.g. 0·5–1 second) rattle". ^[15]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the banded antbird as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range. Its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. ^[1] It is considered uncommon and local across its range. Its range includes several large protected areas, and "there are huge areas of contiguous appropriate habitat that are not formally protected, but are under little threat of development in the near term". ^[15]

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Banded Antbird Dichrozona cincta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22701543A93835350. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701543A93835350.en . Retrieved 22 February 2024.
2. Osgood, Wilfred H. (1924). Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. Part III. Pteroptochidae — Conopophagidae — Formicariidae. Field Museum of Natural History. Zoological Series. Vol. 13. Chicago. pp. 165–166.
3. Pelzeln, von August (1868). Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens (in German). Vol. 1. Wien: A. Pichler's Witwe & Sohn. pp. 47, 65–66.
4. Sclater, P. L.; Salvin, O. (1880). "On new birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 48 (2): 160. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1880.tb06545.x.
5. Ridgway, Robert (1887). "Descriptions of new species and genera of birds from the Lower Amazon". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 10 (660): 516–528 [524]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.660.516.
6. Riker, Clarence B.; Chapman, Frank M. (1891). "A list of birds observed at Santarem, Brazil (Continued)". The Auk. 8 (1): 29.
7. Hellmayr, C. E. (1903). "Bemerkungen über neotropische Vögel". Journal für Ornithologie. 51 (4): 536–537. doi:10.1007/BF02361577. S2CID   9754426.
8. Chapman, Frank M. (1917). The distribution of bird-life in Colombia: a contribution to a biological survey of South America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 36. New York. p. 386. hdl: 2246/1243 .
9. von Ihering, H. (1904). "O Rio Juruá". Revista do Museu Paulista. 6: 431–432.
10. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2024). "Antbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 14.1. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
11. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 26 November 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved November 27, 2023
12. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1951). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 200.
13. Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 28, 2023
14. HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
15. Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Banded Antbird (Dichrozona cincta), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.banant2.01 retrieved February 22, 2024
16. van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 244–245. ISBN   978-0-19-530155-7.
17. Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 421–422. ISBN   978-0-8014-8721-7.
18. McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 132. ISBN   978-0-9827615-0-2.

Further reading

• Ridgely, Robert S.; Tudor, Guy (1989). The Suboscine Passerines. The Birds of South America. Vol. 2. University of Texas Press. pp. 318–319; Pl. 22, Fig. 5. ISBN   978-0-292-77063-8.
• Hellmayr, C. E. (1906). "Critical Notes on the Types of Little-Known Species of Neotropical Birds". Novitates Zoologicae. 13: 348–349.
• Hellmayr, C. E. (1910). "The Birds of the Rio Madeira". Novitates Zoologicae. 17 (3): 361.