CELA3B | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Aliases | CELA3B , CBPP, E1, EL-1, ELA3B, chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3B, chymotrypsin like elastase 3B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | MGI: 1915118 HomoloGene: 128227 GeneCards: CELA3B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B also known as elastase-3B, protease E, or fecal elastase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA3B gene. [5] [6] [7]
Clinical literature that describes human elastase 1 activity in the pancreas or fecal material is actually referring to chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B (i.e. the enzyme / protein this article focuses on). [8]
Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, elastase 3B has little elastolytic activity. Like most of the human elastases, elastase 3B is secreted from the pancreas as a zymogen and, like other serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein, it has a digestive function in the intestine. Elastase 3B preferentially cleaves proteins after alanine residues. Elastase 3B may also function in the intestinal transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Both elastase 3A and elastase 3B have been referred to as protease E and as elastase 1, and excretion of this protein in fecal material is frequently used as a measure of pancreatic function in clinical assays. [7]
Fecal elastase is a medical test that measures how well the pancreas is functioning.
The fecal elastase test measures the concentration of the elastase-3B enzyme found in fecal matter with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results of this test can give a good indication of exocrine pancreatic status, and the test is less invasive and expensive than the current "gold standard", secretin-cholecystokinin test. [9] Levels of fecal elastase lower than 200 μg / g of stool indicate an exocrine insufficiency. Correlations between low levels and chronic pancreatitis [10] and cancer[ citation needed ] have been reported.
Serine proteases are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins. Serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas. EPI can occur in humans and is prevalent in many conditions such as cystic fibrosis, Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, different types of pancreatitis, multiple types of diabetes mellitus, advanced renal disease, older adults, celiac disease, IBS-D, IBD, HIV, alcohol-related liver disease, Sjogren syndrome, tobacco use, and use of somatostatin analogues.
Pancreatic elastase is a form of elastase that is produced in the acinar cells of the pancreas, initially produced as an inactive zymogen and later activated in the duodenum by trypsin. Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases, characterized by a distinctive structure consisting of two beta barrel domains converging at the active site that hydrolyze amides and esters amongst many proteins in addition to elastin, a type of connective tissue that holds organs together. Pancreatic elastase 1 is a serine endopeptidase, a specific type of protease that has the amino acid serine at its active site. Although the recommended name is pancreatic elastase, it can also be referred to as elastase-1, pancreatopeptidase, PE, or serine elastase.
Neutrophil elastase is a serine proteinase in the same family as chymotrypsin and has broad substrate specificity. Neutrophil elastase is secreted by neutrophils during inflammation, and destroys bacteria and host tissue. It also localizes to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), via its high affinity for DNA, an unusual property for serine proteases.
Bile salt-dependent lipase, also known as carboxyl ester lipase is an enzyme produced by the adult pancreas and aids in the digestion of fats. Bile salt-stimulated lipase is an equivalent enzyme found within breast milk. BSDL has been found in the pancreatic secretions of all species in which it has been looked for. BSSL, originally discovered in the milk of humans and various other primates, has since been found in the milk of many animals including dogs, cats, rats, and rabbits.
Trypsin-1, also known as cationic trypsinogen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRSS1 gene. Trypsin-1 is the main isoform of trypsinogen secreted by pancreas, the others are trypsin-2, and trypsin-3 (meso-trypsinogen).
Azurocidin also known as cationic antimicrobial protein CAP37 or heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AZU1 gene.
Phospholipase A2, group 1B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G1B gene.
Pancreatic alpha-amylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY2A gene.
Beta-casein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSN2 gene. It is in the class of phosphoproteins and generally occurs in mammalian milk.
Leukocyte elastase inhibitor (LEI) also known as serpin B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB1 gene. It is a member of the clade B serpins or ov-serpins founded by ovalbumin.
Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GP2 gene.
Carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPN1 gene.
Carboxypeptidase A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA1 gene.
Pancreas transcription factor 1 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTF1A gene.
Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA2A gene.
Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA3A gene.
Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 1 (CELA1) also known as elastase-1 (ELA1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA1 gene. Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B.
Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2B is and enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA2B gene.
Chymotrypsin C, also known as caldecrin or elastase 4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CTRC gene.