Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)

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Cities of London and Westminster
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)
Interactive map of boundaries from 2024
Cities of London and Westminster 2023 Constituency.svg
Boundary within Greater London
County Greater London
Population110,000 (2011 census) [1]
Electorate 73,140 (2023) [2]
Borough City of London and City of Westminster
Major settlements City of London, City of Westminster
Current constituency
Created 1950
Member of Parliament Rachel Blake (Labour Co-op)
SeatsOne
Created from City of London (1298–1950), Westminster Abbey, Westminster St George's

Cities of London and Westminster (known as City of London and Westminster South from 1974 to 1997) is a constituency [note 1] returning a single Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons in the United Kingdom Parliament. As with all constituencies, the election is decided using the first past the post system of election. From its creation at the 1950 general election to the 2024 general election (where it was won by Labour Co-op), the constituency had always elected the candidate nominated by the Conservative Party. [3]

Contents

History

Before 1950 the City of London formed a two-member constituency on its own. The Boundary Commission for England began reviewing constituencies in January 1946 using rules defined under the Representation of the People Act 1944, which excluded the City of London from the redistribution procedure; [4] [5] the Commission recommended that the borough of Chelsea and the City of Westminster form a single Parliamentary Borough of Chelsea and Westminster with two divisions. [6]

In February 1948 the Government brought forward a new Representation of the People Bill which removed the right of owners of business premises to a second vote; this would have had the effect of reducing the electorate of the City of London from 12,500 to 4,600. The Bill proposed also to end the City of London as a separate constituency and to merge it with the adjacent boroughs of Finsbury and Shoreditch. [7] During debates on the Bill, the Government amended it to substitute a link between the City of London and the City of Westminster. [8] In introducing the amendment the Home Secretary James Chuter Ede noted that the alterations to the constituencies in Westminster, Chelsea and Kensington had been agreed unanimously at a conference between the Members of Parliament and representatives of the boroughs affected. [9]

These changes came into force from the 1950 election.

Boundary changes

No alteration was made by the First Periodical Report on constituency boundaries in 1954. [10] In the Second Periodical Report in 1969, the Boundary Commission wrote that their initial feelings were that "except for a minor alteration to follow a new ward boundary" they felt that there was "no reason to disturb" the constituency, and they received no objections to this proposal. Westminster City Council later suggested that the constituency could be more accurately named as 'The City of London and Westminster South'; the Boundary Commission found opinion divided and left the name unchanged when it published revised proposals for two other constituencies within the city. Subsequent representations on the name were received and the Commission decided that, although justified on historical grounds, the name was "not now entirely accurate" and so proposed the renaming as suggested by the City Council. [11]

In initial proposals during the Third Periodical Review (1983), the Boundary Commission proposed to abolish the St Marylebone constituency and add four wards from it (Cavendish, Baker Street, Bryanston and Regents Park) to the previous City of London and Westminster South constituency; they provisionally named the result 'The City of London and Westminster'. After a local inquiry, the Regents Park ward was removed, and Hyde Park ward (from the Paddington constituency) was added; unanimous opinion at the inquiry favoured naming the result 'The City of London and Westminster South'. [12]

For the Fourth Periodical Review (1995), the Boundary Commission paired the City of Westminster with the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea for consideration. The commission's initial proposals, to expand the constituency by two wards (Bayswater and Lancaster Gate) formerly in Westminster North and to return to the name 'Cities of London and Westminster', were upheld after a local inquiry, despite multiple counter-proposals. [13]

At the Fifth Periodical Review (in 2007), the initial proposals of the Boundary Commission paired the City of Westminster with the London Borough of Brent although they involved only minor changes to the Cities of London and Westminster constituency to take account of new ward boundaries. Widespread objections ("almost universal hostility") to the pairing led to a local inquiry, which decided that Westminster and the City of London should be reviewed separately and not paired with any other borough. The Commission proposed a new Cities of London and Westminster constituency in which the revised Bayswater and Lancaster Gate wards were removed. [14]

Early proposals made during the initial stages of the postponed Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies proposed linking the City of London to the southern wards of Islington in a constituency to be known as "The City of London and Islington South". [15] Most of the Westminster wards were proposed to form part of a Westminster and Kensington constituency. [16] This proposal was the first to suggest a split between the two Cities in Parliamentary elections since they were joined and proved unpopular in consultation; the Boundary Commission revised them to return the link between the City of London and the City of Westminster, [17] although the review was subsequently placed on hiatus.

In 2016, the Boundary Commission produced a second attempt at the Sixth Periodic Review. Its proposed Cities of London and Westminster comprises the City attached to Regent's Park and Abbey Road to the north-west, Knightsbridge/Belgravia to the west, and Holborn/Covent Garden to the north. [18]

London Assembly constituency

Although united for Parliamentary elections, in the London Assembly, the City of London is covered by the City and East constituency, and the area in Westminster by the West Central constituency. The Local Government Commission for England argued that "combining the City of London with areas to its east could assist in focussing regeneration eastwards" and linked it with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, the London Borough of Newham, and the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. [19]

Boundaries

The seat covers the entire City of London and most of the City of Westminster lying South of the Marylebone Road and the Westway. In the latter, more residential, city it covers Westminster, Pimlico, Victoria, Belgravia, Knightsbridge, St. James's, Soho, most of Covent Garden, alongside parts of Fitzrovia, Marylebone, Edgware Road, Paddington and Bayswater.

Historic

Cities of London and Westminster in the Parliamentary County of London, showing boundaries used from 1950 to 1974 TwoCities1950.png
Cities of London and Westminster in the Parliamentary County of London, showing boundaries used from 1950 to 1974

1950–1974: From the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster: Charing Cross, Covent Garden, Great Marlborough Conduit, Grosvenor, Hamlet of Knightsbridge, Knightsbridge St. George, Pall Mall, Regent, St. Anne, St. John, St. Margaret, Strand.

In 1959, the boundaries changed, and the wards used instead were Abbey, Alderney, Aldwych, Berkeley, Cathedral, Churchill, Covent Garden, Dolphin, Eaton, Ebury, Grosvenor, Knightsbridge, Millbank, Regent Street, St. James's, Soho, Tachbrook, Victoria, Warwick and Wilton. In 1964, the City of Westminster was created to replace the old Metropolitan Borough of Westminster, which kept the same wards.

The City of London consisted of Aldersgate, Aldgate, Bassishaw, Bassishaw, Billingsgate, Bishopsgate, Bread Street, Bridge Within, Bridge Without, Broad Street, Candlewick, Castle Baynard, Cheap, Coleman Street, Cordwainer, Cornhill, Cripplegate, Dowgate, Farringdon Within, Farringdon Without, Langbourn, Lime Street, Portsoken, Queenhithe, Tower, Vintry and Walbrook.

In 1968, the City of Westminster ward boundaries changed, with the following used for this seat: Charing Cross, Churchill, Knightsbridge, Millbank, Regent Street, Victoria Street and Warwick.

1974–1997: The City of Westminster wards as above, and the City of London, as above.

New boundaries from 1978 meant the following wards from the City of Westminster were used: Baker Street, Belgrave, Bryanston, Cavendish, Churchill, Hyde Park, Knightsbridge, Millbank, St George's, St James's, Victoria, and West End.

In the City of London, Bridge Within and Bridge Without were combined in 1978 to create Bridge.

1997–2010: The City of Westminster wards as above, plus, Bayswater and Lancaster Gate, and the City of London.

In 2002, a Local Government Boundary Commission for England review abolished the Baker Street, Belgrave, Bryanston, Cavendish, Knightsbridge, Millbank, St James's and Victoria wards. [20]

For the 2005 general election, the Westminster electoral wards used in this constituency were Bayswater (part), Bryanston and Dorset Square (part), Churchill, Hyde Park, Knightsbridge and Belgravia, Lancaster Gate, Marylebone High Street, St James's, Tachbrook, Vincent Square, Warwick and West End. [21]

2010–2024: The City of Westminster wards of Bryanston and Dorset Square, Churchill, Hyde Park, Knightsbridge and Belgravia, Marylebone High Street, St James's, Tachbrook, Vincent Square, Warwick, and West End, and the City of London.

Current

Following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the constituency is composed of the City of London and the following wards of the City of Westminster:

The new boundaries reflect the local authority boundary review which came into effect in May 2022. The seat was expanded to bring the electorate within the permitted range by adding the Abbey Road and Regent's Park wards which were previously in the abolished constituency of Westminster North.

Constituency profile

The Cities of London and Westminster seat contains the two historical centres of the capital. The City of London is an international financial centre, while Westminster, home to the Buckingham Palace, Houses of Parliament, Whitehall and 10 Downing Street, represents Britain's political centre.

The seat includes iconic landmarks such as Buckingham Palace and St Paul's Cathedral, the West End's Theatreland and Soho. Some of the country's wealthiest residents live in exclusive Mayfair, Belgravia and Knightsbridge. Less than half the population was born in the UK - a fifth hail from elsewhere in Europe, while one in twenty is American, according to the 2011 Census.

Around half of the electorate are in the more socially mixed areas of Paddington and Pimlico, which includes some large council estates (Churchill Gardens and Millbank Estate).

The constituency also incorporates the wards of the City of London, some of which are the least populated wards in the United Kingdom, such as Coleman Street ward, which has a total electorate of 2, and Aldgate ward, which has a total electorate of 27. [23]

Members of Parliament

ElectionMember [24] [25] [26] [27] Party
1950 Sir Harold Webbe Conservative
1959 Sir Harry Hylton-Foster Conservative
1959 Speaker
1965 by-election John Smith Conservative
1970 [note 2] Sir Christopher Tugendhat Conservative
1977 by-election [note 3] Peter Brooke Conservative
2001 Mark Field Conservative
2019 Nickie Aiken Conservative
2024 Rachel Blake Labour Co-op

Election results

Named Cities of London and Westminster from 1997 to date

Elections in the 2020s

General election 2024: Cities of London and Westminster [28] [29]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Co-op Rachel Blake 15,302 39.0 +10.1
Conservative Tim Barnes12,59432.1–8.2
Liberal Democrats Edward Lucas 4,33511.1–17.1
Green Rajiv Sinha2,8447.3+5.4
Reform UK Tarun Ghulati2,7527.0+6.8
Workers Party Hoz Shafiei7271.9N/A
Rejoin EU Liz Burford3520.9N/A
SDP Huge de Burgh1100.3N/A
Independent John Generic1100.3N/A
Independent Tim Hallett550.1N/A
Independent Matthew Carr340.1N/A
Majority2,7086.9N/A
Turnout 39,21553.5–17.8
Registered electors 73,369
Labour Co-op gain from Conservative Swing Increase2.svg9.2

Elections in the 2010s

2019 notional result [30]
PartyVote %
Conservative 21,02040.3
Labour 15,04428.9
Liberal Democrats 14,71328.2
Green 1,0101.9
Others2260.4
Brexit Party 1030.2
Turnout52,11671.3
Electorate73,140
General election 2019: Cities of London and Westminster [31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Nickie Aiken 17,049 39.9 –6.7
Liberal Democrats Chuka Umunna 13,09630.7+19.6
Labour Gordon Nardell11,62427.2–11.2
Green Zack Polanski 7281.7–0.4
CPA Jill McLachlan1250.3N/A
Liberal Dirk van Heck1010.2N/A
Majority3,9539.2+1.0
Turnout 42,72367.1+4.3
Registered electors 63,700
Conservative hold Swing
General election 2017: Cities of London and Westminster [32] [33]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Mark Field 18,005 46.6 –7.5
Labour Ibrahim Dogus 14,85738.4+11.0
Liberal Democrats Bridget Fox4,27011.1+4.1
Green Lawrence McNally8212.1–3.3
UKIP Anil Bhatti4261.1–4.1
Independent Tim Lord1730.4N/A
One Love Ankit Love The Maharaja of Kashmir590.2N/A
Young People's Benjamin Weenen430.1N/A
Majority3,1488.2–18.5
Turnout 38,65462.8+3.5
Registered electors 61,533
Conservative hold Swing –9.3
General election 2015: Cities of London and Westminster [34] [35]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Mark Field 19,570 54.1 +1.9
Labour Nik Slingsby9,89927.4+5.2
Liberal Democrats Belinda Brooks-Gordon2,5217.0−13.5
Green Hugh Small1,9535.4+3.3
UKIP Robert Stephenson1,8945.2+3.4
CISTA Edouard-Henri Desforges1600.4N/A
CPA Jill McLachlan1290.4N/A
Class War Adam Clifford590.2N/A
Majority9,67126.7−3.3
Turnout 36,18559.3+3.8
Registered electors 60,992
Conservative hold Swing -1.6
General election 2010: Cities of London and Westminster [36]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Mark Field 19,264 52.2 +3.9
Labour Dave Rowntree 8,18822.2−3.1
Liberal Democrats Naomi Smith7,57420.5+2.0
Green Derek Chase7782.1−2.2
UKIP Paul Weston 6641.8+0.7
English Democrat Frank Roseman1910.5N/A
Independent Dennis Delderfield 980.3N/A
Pirate Jack Nunn900.2N/A
Independent Mad Cap'n Tom [37] 840.2N/A
Majority11,07630.0+7.8
Turnout 36,93155.5+4.4
Registered electors 66,849
Conservative hold Swing +3.5

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Cities of London and Westminster [38]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Mark Field 17,260 47.3 +1.0
Labour Hywel Lloyd9,16525.1−8.0
Liberal Democrats Marie-Louise Rossi7,30620.0+4.6
Green Tristan Smith1,5444.2+0.3
UKIP Colin Merton3991.1–0.3
Independent Brian Haw 2980.8N/A
CPA Jillian McLachlan2460.7N/A
Veritas David Harris2180.6N/A
Independent Cass Cass-Horne510.1N/A
Majority8,09522.2+9.0
Turnout 36,48750.3+3.1
Registered electors 71,935
Conservative hold Swing +4.5
General election 2001: Cities of London and Westminster
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Mark Field 15,737 46.3 –1.0
Labour Michael Katz11,23833.1–2.0
Liberal Democrats Martin Horwood 5,21815.4+3.1
Green Hugo Charlton 1,3183.9N/A
UKIP Colin Merton4641.4+0.9
Majority4,49913.2+1.0
Turnout 33,97547.2–7.0
Registered electors 71,935
Conservative hold Swing +0.5

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Cities of London and Westminster [39]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 18,981 47.3 –12.0
Labour Kate Green 14,10035.1+11.0
Liberal Democrats Michael Dumigan4,93312.3–1.8
Referendum Alan Walters 1,1612.9N/A
Independent Patricia Wharton2660.7N/A
UKIP Colin Merton2150.5N/A
Natural Law Richard Johnson1760.4+0.1
Monster Raving Loony Nicholas Walsh1380.3−0.1
Hemp CoalitionGordon Webster1120.3N/A
Rainbow Dream Ticket Jerry Sadowitz 730.2N/A
Majority4,88112.2−26.3
Turnout 40,15554.2−8.9
Registered electors 74,035
Conservative win (new seat)

Named City of London and Westminster South between 1974 and 1997

General election 1992: City of London and Westminster South [40]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 20,938 60.3 +2.5
Labour Charlie Smith7,56921.8+1.4
Liberal Democrats Jane Smithard5,39215.3–6.5
Green Guy Herbert4581.3N/A
Monster Raving Loony Peter Stockton1470.4N/A
Irish Freedom MovementAlex Farrell1070.3N/A
Natural Law Richard Johnson1010.3N/A
Majority13,36938.5+2.5
Turnout 34,71263.1+4.9
Registered electors 55,021
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: City of London and Westminster South [41]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 19,333 57.8 −1.3
Liberal Jane Smithard7,29121.8+0.8
Labour Ruth Bush6,82120.4+3.3
Majority12,04236.0−2.1
Turnout 33,44558.2+6.4
Registered electors 57,428
Conservative hold Swing -1.1
General election 1983: City of London and Westminster South [42]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 20,754 59.1 −1.6
Liberal Adrian Walker-Smith7,36721.0+8.8
Labour Stephen Jones6,01317.1−8.4
Ecology Roger Shorter4191.2N/A
National Front Anthony Reeve2580.7−1.0
Communist A. W. Spence1610.5N/A
Independent - Pro Nuclear War Gay RightsVictor Litvin1470.4N/A
Majority13,38738.1+2.9
Turnout 35,11951.8−3.4
Registered electors 67,773
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: City of London and Westminster South
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 16,851 60.7 +9.0
Labour Russell Profitt7,06725.5−5.4
Liberal Harry Ball-Wilson3,37512.2−2.7
National Front Kenneth Mathews [43] 4781.7−0.8
Majority9,78435.2+14.4
Turnout 27,77155.2+2.0
Registered electors 50,357
Conservative hold Swing +7.2

1979 figure changes based on the October 1974 election, not the 1977 by-election.

1977 City of London and Westminster South by-election [44]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 11,962 59.07 +7.35
Labour Malcolm Noble3,99719.74−11.21
Liberal Angus Scrimgeour1,9819.78−5.07
National Front Paul Kavanagh1,0515.19+2.72
Pro-Homosexual Civil RightsPeter Mitchel4492.22N/A
National Party Michael Lobb3641.80N/A
New Britain Dennis Delderfield 3061.51N/A
Air, Road, Public Safety, White Resident Bill Boaks 610.30N/A
Christian Outreach to Britain, Anti-PornographyWilliam Thompson430.21N/A
Christ, Crown, Country, Commonwealth, Christian ConstitutionRalph Herbert370.18N/A
Majority7,96539.33+18.56
Turnout 20,25139.60−13.60
Conservative hold Swing +9.28
General election October 1974: City of London and Westminster South [45]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Christopher Tugendhat 14,350 51.7 −1.5
Labour Phil Turner8,58930.9+3.5
Liberal T. G. Underwood4,12214.9−4.0
National Front D. Baxter6862.5N/A
Majority5,76120.8−5.1
Turnout 27,74753.2−8.2
Registered electors 52,170
Conservative hold Swing -2.5
General election February 1974: City of London and Westminster South
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Christopher Tugendhat 16,945 53.3 −6.1
Labour Phil Turner8,69827.4−3.9
Liberal T. G. Underwood6,01518.9+10.5
Ind. Conservative C. D. Wertheim1340.4N/A
IndependentR. E. Eckley440.1N/A
IndependentW. G. Boaks350.1N/A
Majority8,24725.9−2.2
Turnout 31,87161.4+6.9
Registered electors 51,943
Conservative hold Swing -1.1

Named from 1950 to 1974 Cities of London and Westminster

General election 1970: Cities of London and Westminster
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Christopher Tugendhat 19,102 59.4 +4.7
Labour Alf Dubs 10,06231.3−3.8
Liberal David Nicholson2,7088.4−1.8
Independent - Anti-LabourWilloughby Clark1570.5N/A
Independent - Young Ideas Lord Sutch 1420.4N/A
Majority9,04028.1+8.5
Turnout 32,18654.5−5.5
Registered electors 58,987
Conservative hold Swing +4.3

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Cities of London and Westminster
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative John Smith 19,242 54.7 −3.67
Labour Alexander Pringle12,34935.1+4.52
Liberal Thomas Houston3,57610.2−0.85
Majority6,89319.6−8.19
Turnout 35,16760.0+0.34
Registered electors 58,630
Conservative hold Swing -4.1
1965 Cities of London and Westminster by-election [46]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative John Smith 15,037 59.53 +1.16
Labour Alexander Pringle8,30032.86+2.28
Liberal Stephen Jakobi1,5956.32−4.73
IndependentDesmond Burgess3261.29N/A
Majority6,73726.47−1.32
Turnout 25,25841.80−17.86
Registered electors
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1964: Cities of London and Westminster
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Speaker Harry Hylton-Foster 21,588 58.37 −6.73
Labour Ronald Wallace11,30930.58+6.18
Liberal John W Derry4,08711.05+0.55
Majority10,27927.79−12.91
Turnout 36,98459.66−1.64
Registered electors 61,988
Speaker hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Cities of London and Westminster
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Harry Hylton-Foster 27,489 65.1 −5.1
Labour Will Howie 10,30124.4−5.4
Liberal Derek Monsey4,40910.5N/A
Majority17,18840.7+0.2
Turnout 42,19961.3+1.2
Registered electors 68,896
Conservative hold Swing +0.2
General election 1955: Cities of London and Westminster
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Harold Webbe 31,314 70.2 +3.4
Labour Dennis Nisbet13,27029.8−3.4
Majority18,04440.5+6.9
Turnout 44,58460.1−7.1
Registered electors 74,162
Conservative hold Swing +3.4
General election 1951: Cities of London and Westminster
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Harold Webbe 35,275 66.8 +5.2
Labour Hugh Sutherland17,52733.2+5.2
Majority17,73833.60.0
Turnout 52,80267.2+5.2
Registered electors 78,628
Conservative hold Swing 0.0
General election 1950: Cities of London and Westminster
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Harold Webbe 32,672 61.6
Labour John Lewis Curthoys14,84928.0
Liberal Jacob Arthur Gorsky 4,6708.8
Communist Gabriel Carritt8881.7
Majority17,82333.6
Turnout 53,07972.4
Registered electors 73,316
Conservative win (new seat)

See also

Notes

  1. A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. constituency renamed 'City of London and Westminster South' in 1974
  3. constituency renamed 'Cities of London and Westminster' in 1997

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chelsea and Fulham (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 2010 onwards

Chelsea and Fulham is a constituency in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Ben Coleman of the Labour Party.

Westminster St George's, originally named St George's, Hanover Square, was a parliamentary constituency in Central London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system of election.

Paddington was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Paddington district of London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created for the February 1974 general election, partially replacing the previous Paddington North and Paddington South constituencies, and abolished for the 1983 general election. A Paddington borough constituency has three times been recommended during early stages of Boundary Commission inquiries, only to be altered before the final report was issued.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Marylebone (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1918-1983

St Marylebone was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Marylebone district of Central London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

West End is an electoral ward of the London borough of the City of Westminster, in the United Kingdom.

References

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Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Constituency represented by the speaker
1959–1965
Succeeded by

51°31′N0°08′W / 51.51°N 0.13°W / 51.51; -0.13