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Clan Ostoja (Moscics) is one of the largest and oldest knightly and heraldic families in Europe, belonging to the Polish nobility. The family is sealed with the Ostoja coat of arms.
The coat of arms of the Ostoja clan is one of the oldest family marks of medieval Polish knights. It occurs under the names Ostoja, Hostoja, Mościc, Ostojczyk. The name of the clan is Ostoja and Hostoja. This calling was probably an older form of clan identification than the coat of arms.
The oldest images in medieval armorials: the armorial of Bellenville, the armorial of Gelre, the armorial of the Lyncenich, the armorial of Bergshammar, the armorial of the Golden Fleece, the Jewels of Jan Długosz or the chronicle of the Council of Constance.[4]
The oldest image of the emblem: a relief from the first half of the 13th century on the entrance portal in the southern wall of the nave of the church of St. Nicholas in Wysocice.[5]
The image and structure of the Ostoja coat of arms until the mid-16th century (according to Prof. J. Szymański): Ostoja (Hostoja, Mościc, exclamation: Hostoja, Ostoja)–in the red field, among two golden moons, shoulder-lengths towards each other, as well as a cavalier cross at the forehead . Helmet with labs with black coating, and the lining, probably gold. Gem: between two golden grips, the dragon's head is black, breathing red flame.[6]
The image and structure of the Ostoja coat of arms from the second half of the 16th century (according to Prof. J. Szymański): Ostoja–in the red field, among two golden moons, with shoulders towards each other, like a broken sword, a helmet with a crown and labras, probably red with a golden lining. Gem: five ostrich feathers.[7]
Clan history
The origin of the clan
The origin of the clan and the time when the Ostoja coat of arms was created obscure in the darkness of history. Nevertheless, there are some indications that the ancestors of this family (at least some of them) may have come from Eastern Europe. The primary evidence here is the fact that the Ostoja coat of arms, in its linear structure and style, bears the traces of old proprietary and clan marks of the Great Steppe nomadic peoples (Scythian, Sarmatian, Finno-Ugric, etc.). Prof. Tadeusz Sulimirski wrote in his book "Sarmatians": [...] There are many contradictory views on the origin of Polish coats of arms, none of which is convincing. [...] However, no attention was paid to the striking resemblance of Polish coats of arms to Sarmatiantamgas and the almost identical form. [...] The coats of arms of the Rurkowicz Ruthenians and most of the Polish coats of arms come from them.[8] The confirmation of what Silimirski claimed is the similarity of the Ostoja coat of arms, engraved on the portal of the church of St. Nicholas in Wysocice to the coat of arms of the Iziasławicz family (Rurykowicz), the Połock princes from the 12th century.[9]Jan Długosz (1415–1480), a Polish historian and chronicler, decided that the Ostoja family and its coat of arms are native Polish, including information about them among the 71 oldest Polish families and noble coats of arms. In the work Insignia seu clenodia Regis et Regni Poloniae, he wrote his observation as to the characterological features of the clan: "Ostoja [...] Genus Polonicum loquax et arrogans," which can be translated as: Ostoja [...] Polish family eloquent and audacious or as Bartosz Paprocki explained these words that the ancestors of the Ostoje clan were sometimes talkative and daring.[10]
There are three most famous legends about the creation of the coat of arms and the Ostoja (Moścics) family – Bartosz Paprocki (given in 1578), Szymon Okolski (given in 1642) and Wacław Potocki (given in 1696).
According to the legend written down by Bartosz Paprocki, the beginnings of the family and the Ostoja coat of arms date back to the times of King Bolesław the Bold and concern a brave and cunning knight named Ostoja, who rotted over the water. In one of the military campaigns, he successfully attacked the guard of enemy troops and took prisoners of war. One of them, fearing death, agreed to cooperate with Ostoja and hand over his companions. Thanks to the subversive action of that prisoner of war, the Ostoja soldiers defeated the enemy several times and brought great fame and fame to the army. This is how Ostoja Polska was saved.[13] This version of the legend was also presented, in his own way, by Kasper Niesiecki in "Herbarz Polski".[14]
Another legend was given by Szymon Okolski. According to him, the origins of the Ostoja family should be associated with the journey of Japheth (son of Noah) to Croatia, who often prayed by the moonlight and therefore used his image as his personal sign. A descendant of Japheth – Balthazar, who traveled to Bethlehem with Casper and Melchior, added a star to the family coat of arms, symbolizing the aforementioned journey to the birthplace of Christ. Later Okolski wrote that the descendants of Balthazar who lived in Croatia left their homeland and, together with Czech and Lech, settled in distant lands. The family of Balthazar and Lech also included Ostoja, who participated in the war waged by Bolesław the Bold with pagans. As a sign of his victory, he placed in his family coat of arms, instead of a star, a sword between two moons, thanks to which he became famous.[15]
Wacław Potocki did not believe in the legends presented by Paprocki and Okolski. He had a different idea about the genesis of the family and the Ostoja coat of arms. He wrote: Let whoever will believe, and according to my head, I will place another beginning in Scripture as a Refuge. The heraldry saw the beginning of the family and the Ostoja coat of arms during the migration of the Israelites to Canaan. He referred to the biblical story of Joshua's struggle against the Amorites when the sun and moon were held back so that the leader of the Israelites could defeat his enemies by day. Potocki wrote that hence the two moons in the CoA, which were almost halfway down, a clear sign of the spilling blood, the sword separated the naked ones. Two moons, because in order for the year to stand in its measure, they had to fit two quarters in one night. [...] this Israeli hetman, Joshua prides himself, should be proud of this CoA and those who received castles under his shield of fortresses, fortresses and defenses.[16]
Clan nickname
The family surname is Scibor (also: Czścibor, Czcibor, Cibor, Czesbor). Many Ostoja families use it with their surnames – Ścibor-Iłowieccy, Ścibor-Bogusławscy, Ścibor-Chełmscy, Ścibor-Jackowscy, Ścibor-Ostaszewscy, Ścibor-Rylscy and others.[17]It is an Old Polish male name that means a fighter for honor, a defender of honor or one who worships a fight.[18] From the earliest times, family members used this name extremely often. Even the names of the two oldest, known to researchers, seats of Ostoja come from the name of Ścibor. These are – Ściborzyce in Małopolska and Ścibor in Kujawy. Kasper Niesiecki wrote about the meaning of this name for the members of the Ostoja clan in "Herbarz Polski": [...] on the old privileges, Sciborów got to read strength (because they had a hereditary name for a long time, which we can see in the Chełmski house today ) peculiarly, however, in the year 1099. Counts from Jabłeczno, counts from Poniedz, and therefore I would infer that this house was earlier in Poland in our country than our writers assumed for it.[19]
The most prominent figure in the Ostoja (Moścics) family bearing the name of Scibor was the son of Mościc from Ściborz, voivode of Gniewkowski – Scibor from Sciborzyce, voivode of Transylvania, Komes of Upper Hungarian counties. His property encompassed half of western Slovakia, including the entire Váh valley. He was sometimes called the little king of Slovakia. It had 31 castles and over 200 estates. Its main seat and property was Beckov Castle in today's Slovakia. From 1362, he lived in Hungary in the immediate vicinity of Louis I of Hungary. After the death of King Louis, he joined the court of Sigismund of Luxemburg. As an influential advisor and friend of the ruler of Hungary, he entered the circle of the most powerful aristocrats of medieval Europe. In addition, he was one of the first members of the Order of the Dragon. He died in 1414 and was buried in the royal chapel in Székesfehérvár.[20]
The oldest material testimony to the history of the family is the image of the Ostoja coat of arms, discovered during the conservation works of the church of St. Nicholas in Wysocice. The emblem engraved on the portal of the temple probably comes from the first half of the 13th century. It is known that the completion of the construction of this church was funded by knight Mikołaj from Ściborzyce of the Ostoja coat of arms. Certainly, the rite of the Ostoja coat of arms cannot come from a later period, because the sons of Mikołaj – Strachota and Ścibor sold their father's village in 1252 to the Cistercian monastery in Szczyrzyc and left Ściborzyce and moved to the northern regions of Poland. An important historical memento of the family is also the sale document of Ściborzyce, which is the approval of the transaction by Bolesław the Chaste. The original parchment document is dated 14 May 1252[21] and its content was published in the Diplomatic Code of Lesser Poland in 1876.[22] It is possible that the ancestor of the above-mentioned heirs of Ściborzyce was the knight Cistebor (Cistibor), who in 1110 offered unum pallium to the Krakow cathedral.
An extremely valuable testimony to the history of the Ostoja family is the Drohiczyn filler from the mid-thirteenth century, with an identification and ownership mark with the emblem of the Ostoja coat of arms. It represented Strachota, son of Mikołaj from Ściborzyce, and was probably stamped in the years 1253–1255. The seal was found in the ruins of the foundations of the former castle in Drohiczyn. The castle belonged to the Duke of Mazovia, Siemowit I, who visited Drohiczyn twice after 1252. Probably Strachota Mikołajewice of Ściborzyce, the prince's adjutant and most trusted knight, accompanied him during those visits to the castle in Drochiczyn.
One of the oldest mementos of the Ostoja family is the seal of the dean of Poznań Czcibor (Ścibor), imprinted in wax, depicting the Ostoja coat of arms. The coat of arms emblem is illegible today, but its description from 1879 has survived – [...] (the seal) shows the emblem of the Ostoja family on a triangular shield; inscription: S'Cztiborii Decani Pozn. Scibor was the dean of the Poznań Cathedral in the years 1356–1363. The document with his seal is in the Archdiocese Archives in Poznań (ref. DK, perg. 81).[23]
There is an image of the seal of Jakusz of Błociszewo, voivode of the Lviv town, showing the coat of arms of Ostoja with the inscription: S. IACUSSI. DE. BLOCISZEWO. The seal was hung on a document issued in 1370. The photo of the seal was published in 1938 by Marian Haisig.[24] The document with the seal was in the Archives of the city of Lviv that year.[25]
The historic ruins of Beckov Castle in Slovakia are a great testimony to the great history of the Ostoja family. From 1388, the stronghold belonged to Ścibor of Ściborzyce, coat of arms of Ostoja. The castle was rebuilt by Ostojczyk in the Gothic style and significantly enlarged. After the death of Ścibor, Beckov passed the path of inheritance to his son, Ścibor Ściborowic. The castle remained in the hands of the family until 1437. An important historical memento of the family is also the perfectly preserved tombstone of Ścibor Ściborowic, which is now kept in the Historical Museum in Budapest.
Baptismal font with the Ostoja coat of arms in the church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Stanislaus the Bishop in Bodzentyn, founded by Cardinal Fryderyk Jagiellończyk in 1492.
Religious buildings funded by members of the clan
Below are presented selected examples of historic sacred buildings of historical importance, which were funded by members of the Ostoja (Moscics) family. The oldest building known to historians is the church of St. Nicholas in Wysocice, erected in the first half of the 13th century. The construction of the temple (originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary) was initiated by Bishop Iwo from Końskie, known as Odrowąż. This church was to be his fortress, private chapel. However, in 1229, the bishop unexpectedly died while traveling through Italy. The construction works were continued thanks to the support of Mikołaj from Ściborzyce, Ostoja coat of arms. St. Nicholas was probably dedicated to the Ostojczyk.[27]
The history of Ostoja (Moścics) was created (and still is) created by individual members of the family. For this reason, below is a list of known (historically) figures representing the ancestral community throughout the 13th–20th centuries. We can find many outstanding people – scientists, artists, soldiers and clergymen. Among them there are titled persons holding the highest offices – princes (e.g. Marcin Szyszkowski), komes (e.g. Scibor from Sciborzyce), cardinals (e.g. Adam Kozłowiecki), bishops (e.g. Tomasz Ostaszewski), counts (e.g. Józef Andrzej Mikorski), generals (e.g. Tadeusz Błociszewski) and many others. The presented list is certainly incomplete, but it will be supplemented over time.
Hanek of Chełm (died before 1397) – heir of Chełm in the second half of the 14th century, owner of the estates in Wola Chełmska, Swoszowice and Kantorowice.
Piotr Chełmski (died around 1446) – the burgrave of Kraków, the starost of the Nowokorczyński family in the years 1430–1432, the steward of the royal court in the years 1435–1437, the castellan of Połaniec in the years 1435–1446.
Erazm Gajewski (died before 1593) – heir of Gaj and parts of Błociszewo and Grabianów, the land burgrave of Kościan.
Jan Gajewski of Błociszewo (died 1595) – heir of Gaj and parts of Błociszewo and Grabianów, owner of Grodziec, Nietrzanów, Gorzyczki and others, marshal of the coronation parliament (1588), member of the parliament, town writer of Kalisz (1566–1578), eldership and surrogator Poznań township (1578–1582), Poznań land judge (1582–1595).
Samuel Dubikowski (1550–1630, XV from the tribe of Oleg the Prophet) – for his knightly courage received lands in the tract Pavlovskoe (Branikozhi) near Novogrudok from Sigismund III Vasa in 1592.
Wojciech Gajewski (died 1609) – heir of the estates of Gorzyce, Gorzyczki, Przysieka Polska, Orle, Głuchowo and others, staroste of Ujsko-Piła, courtier of King Sigismund III Vasa.
Hieronim Nagórski (died 1636) – heir of Grabownica, founder of the church of St. Nicholas in Grabownica, participant in the Battle of Chocim in 1621.
Kazimierz Siemienowicz (died after 1651) – military engineer, artillery theorist, author of the fundamental work on artillery Artis Magnae Artilleriae pars prima (Great art of artillery, part one).
Paweł Marchocki (died 1631) – the head of Czchów in 1600, general collector of Kraków taxes in 1629, royal captain, member of parliament.
Mikołaj Szyszkowski (died 1643) – Sambian prince and bishop of Warmia in the years 1633–1643, grand secretary of the Crown, apostolic administrator of the Sambia diocese, royal secretary, abbot of Czerwińsk.
Mikołaj Szyszkowski (died 1651) – chamberlain of Wieluń in the years 1630–1650, judge of Wieluń in the years 1613–1630, royal secretary, member of the Sejm.
Anna Marianna Marchocka in the Teresa of Jesus convent (1603–1652) – a Carmelite nun (in 1637 she was elected superior of the order), mystic and God's Handmaid.
Wojciech Rylski (died after 1655) – Żytomierz army in the years 1639–1655, writer of the city of Kiev, writer of the city of Żytomierz in 1640.
Piotr Rylski (died after 1655) – land judge of Rawa in 1648, writer of Rawa lands from 1647, captain of the Rawa voivodship in 1655.
Boleslaw Dubikowski (died after 1655) – Smolensk's Deputy cup-bearer in the early to mid 1600s. His wife Anna Skopovna was a daughter of Hans Skopovny – tiun (ruler) of Samogitia (land Zhemoytskaya). They owned estates near Smolensk: Poretskoye, Stankovo, Korenkovo and Folvark Kovalev. Hans Skopovny was the son of the Royal secretary and Skerstomon derzhavtsa (tiun, owner and ruler) in 1527, Stanislav Skop from princelyDovsprungdynasty and his wife Princess Helena Andreevna Sangushko (1490–1561).
Bogusław Jerzy Słuszka (died after 1658) – Lithuanian court treasurer in 1645, Lithuanian steward in 1656, Lithuanian carpenter in 1643, the starost of Rechytsa in 1639.
Jan Dubikowski (died after 1662) - soldier of the regiment of Capt. Włodimer Dagbog Kaminski, standard-bearer (cornet, 'khorunzhy') of Mścisłavl. His wife was Konstancja Miladowska. They owned estates in the Smolensk province - Stankowo and Korenkovo.
Paweł Danilewicz (died after 1667) – a Vilnius land judge in the years 1649–1667, Vilnius deputy in the years 1646–1649, a teacup in Lidzki in the years 1642–1646, a Vilnius town judge in the years 1641–1646, the head of Intur in 1655, was the elector of Jan II Kazimierz Waza from the Vilnius Province.
Andrzej Nagórski (died after 1671) – a cavalry companion, captain of the infantry banner of the choir of the province of Lublin and Bełz, member of the election Sejm (1669).
Gabriel Ochocki (1601–1673) – doctor of medicine and philosophy, professor of the Kraków Academy, mayor of the city of Kraków, owner of the Żabno estate with the city of Żabno.
Zygmunt Adam Słuszka (died 1674) – the Lithuanian grand ensign in 1656, the Lithuanian court ensign in 1649, the Rzeczyca starosta in the years 1658–1672.
Roman Jan Danilewicz (died 1685) – owner of the Świrany estate, pledged owner of the Korciany estate, chamberlain of Oszmiana, ensign of Oszmiana, of the Oszmiana substitute, staroste of Intur, member of the Sejm.
Stanisław Krzysztof Uniechowski (Unichowski) (died after 1686) – chamberlain of Smolensk in the years 1676–1686, land judge in Smolensk in the years 1667–1671, deputy in Smolensk in the years 1651–1667.
Józef Bogusław Słuszka (1652–1701) – the Lithuanian field hetman in the years 1685–1701, the castellan of Vilnius, the Lithuanian court marshal in 1683, the Lithuanian Grand Ensign in 1676, the Grand Lithuanian hunter in 1673, the staroste of Rzeczyca, Lanckoroński, Pinsk, Pieniny, Jezierski.
Michał Danilewicz (died after 1703) – heir of the estates of Średnik, Bohdanów, Sulżyn and others, head of Płotel, parliamentary commissioner in 1703.
Jan Ochocki (died after 1705) – bachelor and master of the Krakow Academy, doctor of law, associate professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, rector (senior) of the Wawel castle school.
Katerina Dubikowska (died after 1707) – in the late 1600s was the wife of the Polotsk guard Michael Surin (his own coat of arms – derived from the coat of arms Massalski). They owned many estates in the Kiev land and Mogilev land including Gostomel. Previously, the Surins owned the Chernobyl Castle from 1548 to 1550.
Piotr Bogusław Baranowski (died after 1709) – an officer in the hussar banner of Józef Lubomirski, took part in the wars with Turkey, from 1689 the marshal of the military confederation established near Wiśniowiec.
Andrzej Nagórski (1643–1710) – professor of rhetoric and moral theology, prefect of Jesuit schools, missionary, rector of colleges in Kalisz and Lublin, secretary of the Polish provincial (1703–1705).
Franciszek Błociszewski (1671–1743) – priest, Jesuit, professor of ethics, mathematics, philosophy, canon law, positive, polemic and scholastic theology, prefect of studies in Kalisz (1718–1720) and Kraków (1720–1721) and rector of Jesuit colleges in: Krosno (1721–1724), Sandomierz (1726–1727), Toruń (1729–1732) and Jarosław (1739–1742).
Florian Hrebnicki (1684–1762) – Greek Catholic clergyman, suffragan of Vitebsk in 1716–1719, Archbishop of Połock, Metropolitan of Kiev from 1748.
Onufry Danilewicz (1695–1753) – Catholic priest, Trinitarian, lecturer (professor) of philosophy and scholastic and dogmatic theology, superior (minister) of the Vilnius monastery in Antakalnis, definitor of the Polish monastic province, ascetic writer, historian and chronicler of his order.
Franciszek Miklaszewski (died after 1750) – a Jewish judge of the Kraków voivodeship in 1728, voivodship writer, subordinate and judge of the Kraków governing bodies in the years 1729–1750.
Michał Antoni Baranowski (died after 1764) – the owner of the landed estates in Ługowa Wola, Cychry, the owner of the vogt's office in Długowola, the hood judge from Czersk, the Czersk court bailiffs, the border bailiff from the Czersk region, the hunter from the Czersk region.
Stanisław Ścibor-Kotkowski (died before 1776) – a Kraków land judge in 1765, a Kraków carpenter in the years 1764–1765, a Kraków swordfish in the years 1756–1764, a member of the coronation parliament in 1764 from the Kraków voivodeship.
Tadeusz Danilewicz (died after 1788) – heir of the estates of Gudziany, Lewszany, Piełaniszki, Skierzabola, landwójt of Troki, commissar of provisions in Troki, captain of the Trakai Province.
Józef Zagórski (died after 1792) – consiliar of the general confederation of the Crown in the Targowica Confederation, Lutsk chamberlain in 1773–1792, Volyn ensign in 1765–1773, Volyn swordfish in 1754–1765, armored colonel of the Crown Polna Bulawa in 1767.
Stanisław Józef Ochocki (died 1793), a cupman from Mozyr, deputy to the Lublin tribunal from the Łuków region, marshal of the court of the Lithuanian field hetman Józef Sosnowski, heir to the Sidaczówka and Ryszki (Ryżki) estates.
Jan Dubikowski (died after 1793) – deputy at the MinskSeimik in 1787.
Jan Zagórski (died after 1794) – a cupbearer of Włodzimierz, town judge of Krzemieniec, counselor of the general confederation of the Crown, envoy of the Volyn voivodeship to the Four-Year Sejm, counselor of the general confederation of the Crown in the Targowica Confederation, the Supreme Criminal Court sentenced him to death by hanging, eternal infamy, confiscation of property and loss of all offices.
Jan Dubikowski (1750–1830) – with wife Agatha Oranska (coat of arms of the Kosciusz Oransky) owners of the Berdniki estate near Fastov, in the Kiev region.
Kazimierz Ostaszewski (1864–1948) – a leading breeder of racing horses in Poland, founder of breeding societies, author of the first stud books in Poland, journalist and composer.
Bronisław Ostaszewski (1867–1932) – lawyer, doctor of law, major in the Polish Army, initiator and founder of the Union of Officers of the Reserve of Southeast Territories in Lviv.
Józef Longin Ostaszewski (1875–1942) – doctor, social activist, historian, promoter of the history and culture of northern Mazovia, publisher, journalist and painter.
Felicja Gajewska (1877–1939) – Polish landowner, social activist, vice-president of the Society of Polish Landowners, member of the Scientific Society in Toruń.
Zofia Rogoszówna (1881 / 1882–1921) – Polish children's writer, translator and poet. She initiated the adaptation of folk songs in children's literature.
Janina Karłowicz (1882–1937) – teacher, organizer of girls' education, participant in the defense of Lviv in 1918.
Kazimierz Ścibor-Bogusławski (1887–1949) – social activist, member of the management board of the Association of Polish Merchants and Christian Industrialists, director of the Cooperative Bank in Łódź, decorated with the Silver Cross of Merit.
Jan Świerczyński (1897–1969) – brigadier beneral of the Polish Army, participant in World War I, Polish-Bolshevik War, World War II (September Campaign, Italian Campaign).
Stanisław Ostoja-Chrostowski pseudonym "Director", "Just", "Corvette" (1897–1947) – sculptor, painter and graphic artist, professor and rector of the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, head of Department 999 of the II Information and Intelligence Department of the Home Army headquarters.
Eugeniusz Czechowicz (1904–1964) – Member of the Legislative Sejm (1947–1952) on behalf of the Democratic Party from the Opole district, member of the Union of Participants in the Armed Struggle for Independence and Democracy.
Józef Ostaszewski (1904–1989) – engineer, scientist, one of the leading Polish specialists in the field of automatic oil extraction.
Włodzimierz Ścibor-Rylski (1914–1939) – second lieutenant in the cavalry reserve of the Polish Army, Catholic activist, lawyer.
Zbigniew Ścibor-Rylski, ps. "Motyl", "Stanisław" (1917–2018) – officer of the Home Army, brigadier general of the Polish Army, in 2004–2014 secretary of the Chapter of the Virtuti Militari War Order, founding member and president of the Main Board of the Warsaw Insurgents Association in 1989–1994 and 1997–1 2018.
Rafał Marian Ścibor-Bogusławski, visual artist, designer of industrial forms, journalist, president of the Ostoja Family Association, member of the editorial board of Na Sieradzkich Szlakach, member of the Wieluń Scientific Society, awarded many times, including 1st prize for the design of the Polish Radio Katowice logo, 2nd prize at the International WRO Festival.
Currently, the Ostoja (Moścics) clam is organized by the Ostoja Family Association. In 2012, the Association was registered with the District Court in Rzeszów. The main goals of the Association (according to the statute) are: integration of Ostoja families and carrying out activities aimed at continuing family traditions, supporting Ostoja families, in particular studying youth, and providing material help to people in a particularly difficult life situation. In the years 2012–2017, five meetings of members and supporters of the Ostoja Family Association were held in Dwór Ostoya, in Jasionka near Rzeszów.
↑ J. Szymański (1993). Herbarz średniowiecznego rycerstwa polskiego. Warszawa: PWN. p.215.
↑ R. Kalinowski (2016). Protoheraldyczny znak na portalu kościoła w Wysocicach a historia herbu Ostoja w średniowieczu. Warszawa: Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego, nowej serii t. XV (XXVI). p.26.
↑ J. Sperka (2006). Otoczenie Władysława Opolczyka w latach 1370–1401. Katowice: WUŚ. pp.192–194.
↑ J. Szymański (1993). Herbarz średniowiecznego rycerstwa polskiego. Warszawa: PWN. pp.215–216.
↑ R. Kalinowski (2016). Protoheraldyczny znak na portalu kościoła w Wysocicach a historia herbu Ostoja w średniowieczu. Warszawa: Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego, nowej serii t. XV (XXVI). p.5.
↑ J. Szymański (1993). Herbarz średniowiecznego rycerstwa polskiego. Warszawa: PWN. pp.214–215.
↑ J. Szymański (2001). Herbarz rycerstwa polskiego z XVI wieku. Warszawa: DiG. pp.205–207.
↑ T. Sulimirski (1979). Sarmaci. Warszawa: PIW. pp.201–204.
↑ O. Odnorożenko (2011). Ukraińska i ruska elita. Kijów. pp.27–28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ B. Paprocki (1858). Herby rycerstwa polskiego przez Bartosza Paprockiego zebrane i wydane r. p. 1584; wydanie Kazimierza Józefa Turowskiego. Kraków: Biblioteka Polska. p.367.
↑ O. Odnorożenko (2011). Ukraińska i ruska elita. Kijów. p.28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ R. Kalinowski (2016). Protoheraldyczny znak na portalu kościoła w Wysocicach a historia herbu Ostoja w średniowieczu. Warszawa: Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego, nowej serii t. XV (XXVI). p.47.
↑ B. Paprocki (1578). Gniazdo cnoty, skąd herby Rycerstwa sławnego Królestwa Polskiego, Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, Ruskiego, Pruskiego, Mazowieckiego, Żmudzkiego i inszych Państw do tego Królestwa należących, Książąt i Panów początek swój mają. Kraków. pp.301–302.
↑ K. Niesiecki (1839–1845). Herbarz Polski. Lipsk: J.N. Bobrowicz. pp.170–171.
↑ S. Okolski (1642). Orbis Polonus, t. 2: In quo Antiqua Sarmatarum Gentilia et Arma Quaecunque a litera L usque ad literam R, inclusive, suam incipiunt et recensent denominationem, continentur et dilucidantur. Kraków. pp.356–357.
↑ W. Potocki (1696). Poczet herbów szlachty Korony Polskiej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Kraków. pp.206–207.
↑ A. Stekert: Przydomki polskie, litewskie i rusińskie. Kraków: 1897, s. 107.
↑ H. Górny: Imię Cz(ś)cibor w polskiej antroponimii i toponimii. Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN, [w:] "Onomastica", LXI/2, 2017, s. 130.
↑ K. Niesiecki (1839–1845). Herbarz Polski. Lipsk: J.N. Bobrowicz. pp.170–175.
↑ W. I. Oszczęda (2007). Zagadka miejsca pochówku Ścibora ze Ściborzyc. Muszyna: Almanach Muszyny. pp.137–142.
↑ Kodeksie Dyplomatycznym Małopolski. Kraków: F. Piekosiński, Wydawnictwa Komisyji Historycznej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie N. 9, t. 1. 1876. p.43.
↑ R. Kalinowski (2016). Protoheraldyczny znak na portalu kościoła w Wysocicach a historia herbu Ostoja w średniowieczu. Warszawa: Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego, nowej serii t. XV (XXVI). pp.6–7, 22–24.
↑ M. Haisig: Sfragistyka szlachecka doby średniowiecza w świetle archiwaliów lwowskich. Lwów: 1938, s. 41–42.
↑ R. Kalinowski (2016). Protoheraldyczny znak na portalu kościoła w Wysocicach a historia herbu Ostoja w średniowieczu. Warszawa: Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego, nowej serii t. XV (XXVI). p.24.
↑ Z. Gloger (1996). Encyklopedia staropolska t. I. Warszawa, wydanie VII. p.242.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ R. Kalinowski (2016). Protoheraldyczny znak na portalu kościoła w Wysocicach a historia herbu Ostoja w średniowieczu. Warszawa: Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego, nowej serii t. XV (XXVI). pp.5–6.
↑ F. Gajewski: Pamiętniki Franciszka z Błociszewa Gajewskiego, pułkownika wojsk polskich (1802–1831). S. Karwowski (red.). Poznań: 1913, t. I, wkładka między stronami: 48–49.
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