Fresnel Imager

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A Fresnel imager is a proposed ultra-lightweight design for a space telescope that uses a Fresnel array as primary optics instead of a typical lens. It focuses light with a thin opaque foil sheet punched with specially shaped holes, thus focusing light on a certain point by using the phenomenon of diffraction. Such patterned sheets, called Fresnel zone plates, have long been used for focusing laser beams, but have so far not been used for astronomy. No optical material is involved in the focusing process as in traditional telescopes. Rather, the light collected by the Fresnel array is concentrated on smaller classical optics (e.g. 1/20 of the array size), to form a final image. [1]

Contents

The long focal lengths of the Fresnel imager (a few kilometers) [2] [3] require operation by two-vessel formation flying in space at the L2 Sun-Earth Lagrangian point. [1] In this two-spacecraft formation-flying instrument, one spacecraft holds the focussing element: the Fresnel interferometric array; the other spacecraft holds the field optics, focal instrumentation, and detectors. [4] [5]

Advantages

Development

The concept has been successfully tested in the visible, and awaits testing in the UV. An international interest group is being formed, with specialists of the different science cases. A proposal for a 2025-2030 mission has been submitted to ESA Cosmic Vision call. [4] [6] In 2008 Laurent Koechlin of the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées in Toulouse, France, and his team planned to construct a small ground-based Fresnel imager telescope by attaching a 20-centimetre patterned sheet to a telescope mount. [3]

Koechlin and his team completed the ground-based prototype in 2012. It uses a piece of copper foil 20 cm square with 696 concentric rings as the zone plate. Its focal length is 18 metres. They were able to resolve the moons of Mars from the parent planet with it. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 L. Koechlin; D. Serre; P. Duchon (2005). "High resolution imaging with Fresnel interferometric arrays:suitability for exoplanet detection" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 443 (2): 12 Chapter 9, Paragraph 1. Bibcode:2005A&A...443..709K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052880 . Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  2. L. Koechlin; D. Serre; P. Duchon (2005). "High resolution imaging with Fresnel interferometric arrays:suitability for exoplanet detection" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 443 (2): 1 Chapter 1, Paragraph 2. Bibcode:2005A&A...443..709K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052880 . Retrieved 8 September 2009. The focal length of such a Fresnel array can vary from 200 m to 20 km, depending on the array type and wavelength used.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Shiga, David (1 May 2008). "Telescope could focus light without a mirror or lens". New Scientist.
  4. 1 2 Laurent Koechlin. "The UV side of galaxy evolution with FRESNEL imagers" (PDF). Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes. Université de Toulouse. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  5. Koechlin, L; Serre, D; Deba, P (2009). "The Fresnel interferometric imager". Astrophysics and Space Science. 320 (1–3): 225. Bibcode:2009Ap&SS.320..225K. doi:10.1007/s10509-008-9793-8. hdl: 10871/16076 . S2CID   119749945.
  6. 1 2 3 Laurent Koechlin; Denis Serre; Paul Deba; Truswin Raksasataya; Christelle Peillon. "The Fresnel Interferometric Imager, Proposal to ESA Cosmic Vision 2007" (PDF). pp. 2–3. Retrieved 9 September 2009.
  7. 1 2 3 "Proposed Telescope Focuses Light Without Mirror Or Lens". science.slashdot.org.
  8. "Twinkle, twinkle, little planet: An undervalued optical trick may help to find life in other solar systems". The Economist. June 9, 2012.

Further reading