For lands administration purposes, New South Wales is divided into 141 counties, which are further divided into parishes. The counties were first set down in the Colony of New South Wales, which later became the Australian state of New South Wales.
The counties were further subdivided into 7,419 parishes. There are also three land divisions, approximately one hundred land districts and several other district types. Land boards were used at various periods. Thirteen hundreds were briefly proclaimed in Cumberland County.
These divisions are part of the lands administrative divisions of Australia. Unlike the local government areas of New South Wales, which have gone through restructuring periods by the government, the counties have been the same since the 19th century. [1]
The first county proclaimed was Cumberland on 4 June 1788. Northumberland was named in 1804. Several other counties were established around Sydney; by the 1820s there were nine counties (see 1828 and 1832 maps). They were: Roxburgh, Northumberland, Durham, Westmoreland, Cumberland, Argyle, Camden, Ayr and Cambridge. They were in the approximate area of the present day cadastral units except that some of them were larger and took up land which was in 1834 assigned to other counties. Ayr and Cambridge were not used in the 1834 counties, taking up area which is approximately in what became Macquarie County and Brisbane County.
Instructions were given to Governor Brisbane in 1825 to survey New South Wales and divide it into counties of various sizes, hundreds, and parishes between 15 and 25 square miles (40 and 65 km²). The Nineteen Counties were surveyed by Thomas Mitchell in 1834. In Cumberland County only, 13 hundreds were proclaimed, then repealed in 1888.
As the counties are based on area, rather than population, there are huge differences in the populations of the coastal counties with those for the remote west. The whole of Sydney with several million people is located within Cumberland County, while there are many counties for areas in the Far West which have a very low population.
The counties have little official function and are only now used for land titles and geographic surveying, and as an area of coverage within some industrial awards. Yancowinna County is also legally the only part of the state in the South Australian time zone.
A number of water supply authorities are named County Council, but only Rous County Council has the same name as its cadastral county.
Genealogy records from the 19th and early 20th centuries for New South Wales commonly use the town name followed by the county. The 1911 Britannica lists all towns in New South Wales the same way, such as Albury, Goulburn county, [2] Broken Hill, Yancowinna county [3] and Wagga-Wagga, Wynyard county. [4]
Parts of the land which were outside the Nineteen Counties were divided into squatting districts in the early 19th century . In 1846 New South Wales was divided into settled districts, intermediate districts and unsettled districts. [5] In 1861 the system of settled and unsettled districts were abolished with the Crown Lands Acts, [6] while new types of districts called first and second class settled districts, as well as town land and suburban land came into being. The various districts used:
The Crown Lands Act of 1884 further divided New South Wales into three land divisions; Western, Central and Eastern; as well as Land Boards and Land Districts. This 1890 map shows 14 land boards and 95 land districts; while a 1907 map shows 13 land boards and 103 land districts. The new land districts were different from the previous land districts which had mostly been used in the western areas of the state before counties were proclaimed there. The land boards were named after the location of the head office. The table below shows the land districts used in 1890 and 1907 (some of the locations of the land boards changed and there were new land districts), with the land boards and land divisions:
Land District | Land Board (1890) | Land Board (1907) | Land Division |
---|---|---|---|
Albury | Wagga Wagga | Wagga Wagga | Eastern |
Armidale | Armidale | Armidale | Eastern |
Balranald South | Hay | Hay | Central |
Balranald | Hay | Western | Western |
Barmedman East | Forbes | Central | |
Barmedman | Forbes | Central | |
Bathurst | Orange | Orange | Eastern |
Bega | Cooma | Goulburn | Eastern |
Bellingen | Grafton | Eastern | |
Berrima | Sydney | Eastern | Eastern |
Bingara | Moree | Moree | Central |
Bombala | Cooma | Goulburn | Eastern |
Boorowa | Goulburn | Goulburn | Eastern |
Bourke | Bourke | Western | Western |
Braidwood | Goulburn | Goulburn | Eastern |
Breewarrina | Bourke | Western | Western |
Breewarrina East | Bourke | Central | |
Campbelltown | Sydney | Eastern | |
Carcoar | Orange | Orange | Eastern |
Casino | Grafton | Grafton | Eastern |
Cassillis | Maitland | Eastern | |
Cobar | Bourke | Western | Western |
Cobar East | Bourke | Central | |
Condobolin | Forbes | Forbes | Central |
Cooma | Cooma | Goulburn | Eastern |
Coonabarabran | Tamworth | Tamworth | Central |
Coonamble | Dubbo | Dubbo | Eastern |
Cootamundry | Wagga Wagga | Wagga Wagga | Eastern |
Cootamundry Central | Wagga Wagga | Eastern | |
Corowa | Wagga Wagga | Wagga Wagga | Central |
Cowra | Orange | Orange | Eastern |
Deniliquin | Hay | Hay | Central |
Dubbo | Dubbo | Dubbo | Eastern |
Dungog | Maitland | Maitland | Eastern |
Eden | Cooma | Goulburn | Eastern |
Forbes | Forbes | Forbes | Central |
Glen Innes | Armidale | Armidale | Eastern |
Gosford | Sydney | Maitland | Eastern |
Goulburn | Goulburn | Goulburn | Eastern |
Grafton | Grafton | Grafton | Eastern |
Grenfell | Forbes | Forbes | Central |
Gundagai | Wagga Wagga | Wagga Wagga | Eastern |
Gunnedah | Tamworth | Tamworth | Central |
Gunning | Goulburn | Goulburn | Eastern |
Hay North | Hay | Western | Western |
Hay | Hay | Hay | Central |
Hillston North | Hay | Western | Western |
Hillston | Hay | Hay | Central |
Inverell | Armidale | Armidale | Eastern |
Kempsey | Grafton | Grafton | Eastern |
Kiama | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Lismore | Grafton | Grafton | Eastern |
Lithgow | Sydney | Orange | Eastern |
Liverpool | Sydney | Eastern | |
Maitland | Maitland | Maitland | Eastern |
Metropolitan | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Milton | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Molong | Orange | Orange | Eastern |
Moree | Moree | Moree | Central |
Moruya | Sydney | Eastern | |
Mudgee | Orange | Orange | Eastern |
Murrurundi | Tamworth | Tamworth | Eastern |
Murwillumbah | Grafton | Grafton | Eastern |
Muswellbrook | Maitland | Maitland | Eastern |
Narrabri | Tamworth | Moree | Central |
Narrandera | Wagga Wagga | Hay | Central |
Newcastle | Maitland | Maitland | Eastern |
Nowra | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Nyngan | Dubbo | Eastern | |
Orange | Orange | Orange | Eastern |
Parkes | Forbes | Forbes | Central |
Parramatta | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Paterson | Maitland | Eastern | |
Penrith | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Picton | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Port Macquarie | Maitland | Grafton | Eastern |
Queanbeyan | Cooma | Goulburn | Eastern |
Raymonod Terrace | Maitland | Eastern | |
Rylstone | Orange | Orange | Eastern |
Scone | Maitland | Maitland | Eastern |
Singleton | Maitland | Maitland | Eastern |
Stroud | Maitland | Maitland | Eastern |
Tamworth | Tamworth | Tamworth | Eastern |
Taree | Maitland | Maitland | Eastern |
Tenterfield | Armidale | Armidale | Eastern |
Tumbarumba North | Wagga Wagga | Eastern | |
Tumbarumba | Wagga Wagga | Eastern | |
Tumut | Wagga Wagga | Wagga Wagga | Eastern |
Urana | Wagga Wagga | Wagga Wagga | Central |
Wagga Wagga | Wagga Wagga | Wagga Wagga | Central |
Walcha | Armidale | Armidale | Eastern |
Walgett North | Moree | Western | Western |
Walgett | Moree | Moree | Central |
Warialda | Moree | Moree | Central |
Warren | Dubbo | Eastern | |
Wellington | Orange | Orange | Eastern |
Wentworth | Hay | Western | Western |
Wilcannia | Bourke | Western | Western |
Windsor | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Wollombi | Maitland | Eastern | |
Wollongong | Sydney | Sydney | Eastern |
Wyalong | Forbes | Central | |
Yass | Goulburn | Goulburn | Eastern |
Young | Goulburn | Wagga Wagga | Eastern |
The Murrumbidgee River is a major tributary of the Murray River within the Murray–Darling basin and the second longest river in Australia. It flows through the Australian state of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, descending 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) over 1,485 kilometres (923 mi), generally in a west-northwesterly direction from the foot of Peppercorn Hill in the Fiery Range of the Snowy Mountains towards its confluence with the Murray River near Boundary Bend.
Charles Napier Sturt was a British officer and explorer of Australia, and part of the European exploration of Australia. He led several expeditions into the interior of the continent, starting from Sydney and later from Adelaide. His expeditions traced several of the westward-flowing rivers, establishing that they all merged into the Murray River, which flows into the Southern Ocean. He was searching to prove his own passionately held belief that an "inland sea" was located at the centre of the continent. He reached the rank of Captain, served in several appointed posts, and on the Legislative Council.
Balranald is a town within the local government area of Balranald Shire, in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia.
The Riverina is an agricultural region of southwestern New South Wales, Australia. The Riverina is distinguished from other Australian regions by the combination of flat plains, warm to hot climate and an ample supply of water for irrigation. This combination has allowed the Riverina to develop into one of the most productive and agriculturally diverse areas of Australia. Bordered on the south by the state of Victoria and on the east by the Great Dividing Range, the Riverina covers those areas of New South Wales in the Murray and Murrumbidgee drainage zones to their confluence in the west.
The Nineteen Counties were the limits of location in the colony of New South Wales, Australia. Settlers were permitted to take up land only within the counties due to the dangers in the wilderness.
Darlington Point is a small town on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River in the Riverina district of western New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the Murrumbidgee Council local government area. The centre of town is four kilometres from the Sturt Highway, along Kidman Way. Darlington Point is 631 kilometres (392 mi) south-west of Sydney and 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of Griffith. At the 2021 census, Darlington Point had a population of 1,030.
The Diocese of Wilcannia–Forbes is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in Australia. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney. The Diocese of Wilcannia–Forbes was established in 1887, initially as the Diocese of Wilcannia. The diocese adopted its current name in 1917 when six parochial districts of Diocese of Bathurst, including those of Parkes and Forbes, were added to its western neighbour. The diocese covers the Far West region of New South Wales in Australia. The Bishop's office is in Forbes but his seat is in Sacred Heart Cathedral, Broken Hill.
Cookardinia is a rural locality in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The locality is 57 kilometres (35 mi) south of the regional city of Wagga Wagga and 24 kilometres (15 mi) east of the town of Henty. Its surrounding area has an approximate population of 283 persons.
Northumberland County was one of the original Nineteen Counties in New South Wales and is now one of the 141 Cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It included the area to the north of Broken Bay, which compasses the Central Coast region and Lake Macquarie as well as Newcastle(Greater Newcastle) in the Hunter region. It was bounded by the part of the Hawkesbury River to the south, the Macdonald River to the south-west, and the Hunter River to the north.
Murray County was one of the original Nineteen Counties in New South Wales and is now one of the 141 Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales. It included the area which is now part of Canberra and as far north as Lake George and Yass. It was originally bounded on the west by the Murrumbidgee River, on the east by the Shoalhaven River and on the north by the Yass River. A large area of the county was transferred to the Commonwealth government in 1909 in the Seat of Government Acceptance Act to make part of the Australian Capital Territory, along with land in Cowley County. Since then, the ACT border is now part of the western boundary. Part of the ACT border is determined by property boundaries in the Parish of Keewong, in the County of Murray; specifically the southern end of portions 177, 218, 211, 36, and 38. This is mentioned in the Seat of Government Acceptance Act of 1909.
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Bourke County is one of the 141 Cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It contains the entirety of the Coolamon Shire, including the towns of Coolamon, Ganmain and Ardlethan; as well as parts of Bland, Narrandera and Temora Shires and part of the City of Wagga Wagga. The Murrumbidgee River is the southern boundary.
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The Murrumbidgee District was a district used in New South Wales in the nineteenth century to refer to the land between the Murrumbidgee River and Murray River, that is now mostly known as the Riverina region. Some maps show the district included the parts of what is now the Australian Capital Territory that was to the west of the Murrumbidgee River. The district was originally one of the districts used to refer to the area outside the limits of location, but later continued to be used as the name after counties were proclaimed within this area. It went out of use after 1884, when new districts were proclaimed.
In the state of New South Wales, Australia, there are many areas which are commonly known by regional names. Regions are areas that share similar characteristics. These characteristics may be natural such as the Murray River, the coastline, or the Snowy Mountains. Alternatively, the characteristics may be cultural, such as a viticulture land use. New South Wales is divided by numerous regional boundaries, based on different characteristics. In many cases boundaries defined by different agencies are coterminous.
The poet and writer Mary Gilmore grew up in the Wagga Wagga district of New South Wales in the 1860s and 1870s, a period of profound social and ecological change in southern New South Wales. During these decades, closer settlement legislation and the arrival of the Great Southern Railway sparked a dramatic intensification of agricultural development in the Wagga district. Town growth and the arrival of farming families displaced Wiradjuri survivors of violence and disease from station camps and waterways. Through her father Donald Cameron, who held the Wiradjuri people in great regard, and from her own experiences, Mary learned much about the ways that Wiradjuri thought and lived. She later recorded her childhood memories of the Wagga district. Gilmore's memories are worth exploring at length, as they offer a rare and valuable insight into early Wagga history.
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The Hambledon Homestead is a heritage-listed residence and former inn and store at Tarcutta Street, Tarcutta, in the City of Wagga Wagga local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Tarcutta Station. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
The Hundred of Evan was a former lands administrative division located on the western edge of Greater Sydney, corresponding approximately to the modern City of Penrith. It was one of the thirteen hundreds in the County of Cumberland, which were published in the government gazette of May 27, 1835, and repealed on January 21, 1888.