Lega per Salvini Premier

Last updated

Lega per Salvini Premier
Secretary Matteo Salvini
Deputy Secretaries
Founded14 December 2017 [1]
Preceded by Lega Nord
Us with Salvini
HeadquartersVia Carlo Bellerio 41, Milan [2]
Youth wing Youth League
Ideology Right-wing populism [3]
Conservatism [4] [5]
Nationalism [6] [7] [8] [9]
Regionalism [3]
Federalism [6]
Euroscepticism [10]
National affiliation Centre-right coalition
European affiliation Identity and Democracy Party
European Parliament group Identity and Democracy
Colours  Blue (official)
  Green (customary)
Chamber of Deputies
133 / 630
Senate [11]
62 / 315
European Parliament
24 / 76
Conference of Regions
5 / 21
Regional Councils
219 / 897
Website
www.legaonline.it OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

Lega per Salvini Premier (English: League for Salvini Premier; abbr. LSP or LpSP), commonly known as Lega (English: League), is a right-wing populist political party in Italy, led by Matteo Salvini. The LSP was founded in December 2017 as the sister party of Lega Nord (English: Northern League, LN) and as a replacement of Us with Salvini, the LN's previous affiliate in central and southern Italy. The LSP extended the values and policies of the LN from northern Italy to the rest of the country and some political commentators have described it as a parallel party of the LN, with the aim of politically replacing it, also because of its statutory debt of €49 million. [12] [13] [14]

Contents

The League is one of the largest parties in Italy: it came third in the 2018 general election and first in the 2019 European Parliament election. Like the LN, the LSP is a confederation of regional parties, of which the largest and long-running are Liga Veneta and Lega Lombarda. Despite misgivings within the party's Padanian nationalist faction, the power base of the LSP is in northern Italy, where the party gets most of its support and where it has maintained the traditional autonomist outlook of the LN, [15] especially in Veneto [16] and Lombardy, [17] the party's main strongholds.

Since February 2021, the League has been part of the coalition supporting Mario Draghi's national unity government and has provided three ministers, led by the party's deputy secretary Giancarlo Giorgetti, minister of Economic Development. The party also participates in 15 regional governments, including those of the two autonomous provinces, and counts five regional presidents, notably including Attilio Fontana (Lombardy), Luca Zaia (Veneto) and Massimiliano Fedriga (Friuli Venezia Giulia), who is also the president of the Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces.

History

Background

In 1989 Lega Nord (LN) was established as a federation of six regional parties from northern and north-central Italy (Liga Veneta, Lega Lombarda, Piemont Autonomista, Uniun Ligure, Lega Emiliano-Romagnola and Alleanza Toscana), which became the party's founding "national" sections in 1991. [6] Umberto Bossi was the party's founder and later long-time federal secretary. The LN long advocated the transformation of Italy from a unitary to a federated state, fiscal federalism, regionalism and greater regional autonomy, especially for northern regions. At times, the party advocated the secession of the North, which the party referred to as "Padania", and consequently Padanian nationalism. The party always opposed illegal immigration and often adopted Eurosceptic stances, joining the Identity and Democracy group in the European Parliament in 2019. Throughout its history, the LN formed alliances both with centre-right and centre-left parties, but, in general elections, it was usually part of Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right coalition and, occasionally, ran as a stand-alone party (in 1996, gaining its best-so-far result: 10.1% of the vote). In the North several regions have been led by LN members, notably including Veneto (since 2010) and Lombardy (since 2013).

In December 2013 Matteo Salvini, a member of the European Parliament and former editor of Radio Padania Libera, was elected federal secretary of the LN, after having prevailed over Bossi in a leadership election. In order to revive a party overwhelmed by scandals and which had reached historical lows in the 2013 Italian general election, [18] Salvini led the LN though dramatic changes, first by re-orienting it toward the European nationalist right. In the run-up of the 2014 European Parliament election, Salvini formed an alliance with the French National Front led by Marine Le Pen on the issues of Euroscepticism, opposition to immigration and souverainism. [6] [19] He also started a co-operation with CasaPound, a far-right organisation. [20] In December 2014 launched Us with Salvini (Italian : Noi con Salvini, NcS), in order to put forward LN's issues in central and southern Italy. [21]

In the 2017 leadership election Salvini was confirmed federal secretary of the party, defeating Gianni Fava, from the party's traditionalist wing. [22] The May 2017 federal congress marked the "national" turnaround. In October 2017 Salvini announced that in the 2018 general election the party would be re-branded simply as "Lega" and would field lists also in central-southern Italy. On 14 December 2017 the "Lega per Salvini Premier" party was established by long-time LN member Roberto Calderoli and its constitution was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale . [23] LSP's official goals were the transformation of Italy "into a modern federal state through democratic and electoral methods" and the support of "the freedom and sovereignty of peoples at the European level". The party symbol was inspired from Donald Trump's campaign for the 2016 Republican Party primary election in the United States: a blue rectangle with the words "Lega per Salvini Premier" in white, surrounded by a thin white frame. A week later, during a federal congress, Salvini presented the new electoral logo: the word "Nord" and the Sun of the Alps were removed from the symbol, only the word "Lega" and the representation of Alberto da Giussano remained, while the slogan "Salvini Premier" was added.

Placard adopted during the 2018 electoral campaign, resembling Donald Trump's one in 2016 Salvini Premier.jpg
Placard adopted during the 2018 electoral campaign, resembling Donald Trump's one in 2016

In the 2018 general election, the League gained its best-so-far result of 17.4% of the vote, becoming the largest party within the centre-right coalition and establishing itself as the country's third largest political force. After the election, the party formed an alliance with the populist Five Star Movement (M5S), which had come first in the election with 32.7% of the vote. The so-called "yellow-green government" was led by Giuseppe Conte, an independent jurist close to the M5S, and notably included Salvini as minister of the Interior. Since the government's formation, thanks to Salvini's approval as minister, the party was regularly the country's largest party in opinion polls, at around or over 30%. In the 2019 European Parliament election, the League won 34.3% of the vote, winning for the first time a plurality of the electorate, while the M5S stopped at 17.1%. In August 2019 Salvini announced his intention to leave the coalition with the M5S, and called for a snap general election. [24] However, after successful talks between the M5S and the Democratic Party (PD), the incumbent government was eventually replaced by a new government led by Conte. The League thus returned into the opposition, together with its electoral allies of the centre-right coalition.

Matteo Salvini, Gian Marco Centinaio and Giancarlo Giorgetti at the Quirinal Palace after the 2018 election Salvini Centinaio Giorgetti.jpg
Matteo Salvini, Gian Marco Centinaio and Giancarlo Giorgetti at the Quirinal Palace after the 2018 election

During 2019, along with the LN's membership recruitment in the Centre-North, the party launched a parallel drive in the Centre-South for the LSP, [25] practically supplanting NcS. Finally, during a federal congress on 21 December 2019, the party's constitution undwerwent some major changes, including reduced powers for the federal president (Umberto Bossi), the extension of the federal secretary's and federal council's terms from three to five years, the introduction of "dual membership" and the faculty given to the federal council to grant the use of the party's symbol to other political movements. [26] With the end of its membership drive in August 2020, the LSP, until then present only in central-southern Italy, became active throughout Italy. The LN, unable to be dissolved because of its burden of €49 million debt to the Italian state, was instead formally kept alive, while its membership cards were donated to former activists. [27] [28]

2020 regional elections

Salvini's popularity was supposed to create better chances for the League to continue its winning streak in regional elections (the latest in Umbria in November 2019) in Emilia-Romagna, a large region long-governed by the centre-left coalition. However, in the 2020 Emilia-Romagna regional election the party's candidate, Lucia Borgonzoni, stopped at 43.6% of the vote and was defeated by incumbent President Stefano Bonaccini (PD). The League's list obtained 32.0% and came second after the PD. [29] The LSP, which had already peaked in opinion polls after quitting the yellow-green government, continued a slow decline in opinion polls and would be eventually eclipsed both by the PD and the FdI during 2021.

In the 2020 Venetian regional election Luca Zaia was re-elected for a third consecutive term with 76.8% of the vote and Liga Veneta fielded two lists, including the League's official one and Zaia's personal list, [30] which obtained 16.9% and 44.6%, respectively. In the Tuscan regional election, League's candidate Susanna Ceccardi was defeated in her bid to become President of Tuscany. The fact that the League had grown electorally only in Veneto and had lost appeal in other regions started to weaken Salvini's leadership, which was more or less silently contested by the "centrist" wing of the party formed by Giancarlo Giorgetti, Zaia and all of the party's regional presidents, from Lombardy's Attilio Fontana to Friuli-Venezia Giulia's Massimiliano Fedriga, [31] [32] who would become president of the Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces in 2021. [33] [34]

Draghi national unity government

Matteo Salvini at the Quirinal Palace in January 2021 Matteo Salvini Quirinale 2021.jpg
Matteo Salvini at the Quirinal Palace in January 2021

In January 2021 Conte's second government fell after losing support from Matteo Renzi's Italia Viva party. [35] Subsequently, President Sergio Mattarella appointed Mario Draghi to form a cabinet, [36] which won support from the League, the M5S, [37] the PD [38] and FI. [39] The League entered the new government with three high-profile ministers from the party's "centrist" wing: Giorgetti, the architect of the party's pro-Europeanist turn and close friend of Draghi, [40] as minister of Economic Development, Massimo Garavaglia as minister of Tourism and Erika Stefani as minister for Disabilities. [41] [42] [43] [44] The party's support for Draghi's government stood in contrast to its Eurosceptic stances. [45]

In June 2021 Salvini proposed a federation with FI and other centre-right parties supporting Draghi (thus excluding FdI), [46] which has so far went nowhere, as well as a campaign for six referendums on justice along with the liberal Radical Party. [47] In February 2022 five of the six referendums were approved by Italy's Constitutional Court, opening the way for a popular vote by June. [48]

Political position and alliances

The League is usually described as a right-wing or far-right party. However, Miles Johnson of the Financial Times , interviewing Matteo Salvini, pointed out that most Italian media consider the party as centre-right. [49] Moreover, according to Antonio Polito, columnist for the Corriere della Sera and a former centre-left politician, the League is "at least half centrist, surely it is entirely centrist in Veneto and Lombardy, both as electorate and political culture of its governors". [50] Differently from Salvini, the party leaders holding institutional offices, such as ministers like Giancarlo Giorgetti or regional presidents like Luca Zaia and Massimiliano Fedriga, are frequently described as "moderates", [51] appealing to "centrist" voters and parties. [52] The "far-right" label is rejected altogether by the party and, according to Salvini, "Italians are not a population of extremists, much less racists. We govern much of the country, and they would not vote for us if we were extremists. There is a lot of laziness on the part of the foreign press, because on the economic front we are absolutely liberal". [49]

The League is formally part of the centre-right coalition, along with Forza Italia (FI) and the Brothers of Italy (FdI), but since 2018 the party has formed coalition governments both with the populist Five Star Movement (M5S) and the centre-left Democratic Party (PD). In early 2022, two leading Democrats, minister Dario Franceschini and Goffredo Bettini, hinted that the League could re-affirm a "centrist" position [53] [54] and could again form a coalition government with the PD after the next general election, [55] [56] respectively. Anyway, this hypothesis was firmly rejected by the PD's secretary Enrico Letta. [57]

In most regions, the League forms centre-right coalitions with its national allies. However, in South Tyrol the party is in alliance even with the South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP), while in Sardinia it has close ties with the Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az), whose leader Christian Solinas is president of the region (who is often counted among the League's governors). [58] [59] [60] With the latter party the League also forms a joint parliamentary group in the Senate since 2018. [61]

Ideology, platform and factions

While continuing to support autonomism, regionalism and federalism, under Salvini the League has gradually but decidedly set aside Padanian nationalism and separatism, which were long pursued by Lega Nord. Through souverainism, the party has also been making inroads in southern Italy. [62] It is actually a matter of debate whether the League has embraced Italian nationalism and abandoned regionalism, or whether it combines nationalism and regionalism, similarly to the Ticino League in Switzerland. [63]

In home affairs, the League strongly opposes illegal immigration, especially migratory flows from the sea. It is highly critical of non-governmental organizations transporting migrants to European cross-border countries, as they are believed to be complicit in "human trafficking". [64] Within Italy's borders, the League is skeptical of asylum requests and related reception centers and hopes for the deportation of irregular immigrants. It has tried to regulate some of the immigration issues through the so-called "security decrees". [65]

In foreign policy, the party is strongly Atlanticist [49] and pro-Israel, [66] [67] but has also supported friendlier ties with Russia [49] and has long opposed sanctions against it. [68]

Until 2018, the League expressed a strong opposition to the Euro currency and in the 2018 general election Eurosceptic professors Alberto Bagnai and Claudio Borghi were elected in Parliament for the party. Following President Sergio Mattarella's rejection of the appointment of Paolo Savona (who had expressed himself on a "plan B" for Italy's exit from the Eurozone) [69] as minister of the Economy in Giuseppe Conte's first government, the League reviewed its opposition to the single currency. [70]

In economic policy, the League supports the reduction of the tax burden and the implementation of a flat income tax at 15%, while opposing limits to cash payments. [71] As a result, according to some sources, the party is distinctly "neo-liberal", [7] while other observers have contested any such characterisation [72] and the League would be torn between "economic liberalism" and "Keynesian economics". [73] For instance, Giorgetti is usually considered a liberal, [74] [75] while Bagnai (the party's economic spokesperson) identifies as "post-Keynesian" [76] and "left-wing populist". [77]

Finally, on welfare, the League is one of the major critics of the increase in the retirement age envisaged by Elsa Fornero's 2011 pension reform and during Giuseppe Conte's first government got the approval of the so-called "Quota 100" (retirement with 62 years of age and 38 of contributions). [78] Furthermore, the party opposes the citizens' income and regrets having voted for it in 2018. [79]

Political communication

Since 2014, the political communication and propaganda of Salvini and the League have been entrusted to an external communication company, the "Sistema Intranet snc" of Luca Morisi and Andrea Paganella. This company uses a software known as "the Beast" which, through a series of algorithms (based on monitoring the sentiments of the network), according to many commentators, has contributed to Matteo Salvini's success on social networks. [80] According to the various reconstructions it would be through this software that political messages, slogans, successful hashtags and scenes from Salvini's daily life would be selected. The communication strategy of the Beast was analyzed in a study by the Department of Political Sciences of the University of Padua, which states that Salvini "opened the page in 2010 ... with a strategy that is still considered effective today ... able to be in tune with the prevailing moods of a substantial part of users on the network". Morisi's ability consists in "positioning himself on the right and majority side of public opinion" and being « able to analyze in real time the orientation of comments and reactions to a post and suggesting which topics to focus on in the next post ». [81] Morisi also invented the nickname "The Captain", with which Salvini is called by his supporters. [82]

On 23 September 2021 Morisi resigned as spin doctor of the League's political communication for "personal and family problems". Four days later Morisi was investigated following an accusation of cocaine transfer by two Romanian boys, [83] [84] a case for which the Public Prosecutor's Office of Verona requested archiving on 30 November. [85]

Regional and local government

The League participates in 15 out of 21 sub-national governments (Italy has 20 regions, one of which, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, is composed of two autonomous provinces with dinstict autonony and a seat each in the Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces: Trentino and South Tyrol). The following is a list of the most relevant local institutions led by party members.

Presidents of Regions
Presidents of Autonomous Provinces
Presidents of Provinces
Mayors of Comuni over 50,000 inhabitants

Electoral results

Italian Parliament

Chamber of Deputies
Election yearVotes%Seats+/−Leader
2018 5,698,687 (3rd)17.4
124 / 630
Increase2.svg 104
Senate of the Republic
Election yearVotes%Seats+/−Leader
2018 5,321,537 (3rd)17.6
58 / 315
Increase2.svg 40

European Parliament

European Parliament
Election yearVotes%Seats+/−Leader
2019 9,175,208 (1st)34.3
29 / 76
Increase2.svg 24

Regional Councils

RegionElection yearVotes%Seats+/−
Aosta Valley 2020 15,837 (1st)23.9
11 / 35
Increase2.svg 4
Piedmont 2019 712,703 (1st)37.1
23 / 51
Increase2.svg 21
Lombardy 2018 1,553,798 (1st)29.4
29 / 80
South Tyrol 2018 31,510 (3rd)11.1
4 / 35
Increase2.svg 4
Trentino 2018 69,116 (1st)27.1
14 / 35
Increase2.svg 13
Veneto 2020 916,087 (1st)
347,832 (2nd)		44.6 (Zaia List)
16.9 (LV)
33 / 51
Increase2.svg 9
Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2018 147,340 (1st)34.9
18 / 49
Increase2.svg 15
Emilia-Romagna 2020 690,864 (2nd)32.0
14 / 48
Increase2.svg 5
Liguria 2020 107,371 (3rd)17.1
6 / 30
Decrease2.svg 1
Tuscany 2020 353,514 (2nd)21.8
9 / 41
Increase2.svg 3
Marche 2020 139,438 (2rd)22.4
8 / 31
Increase2.svg 5
Umbria 2019 154,413 (1st)37.0
10 / 21
Lazio 2018 252,772 (4th)10.0
4 / 50
–
Abruzzo 2019 165,008 (1st)27.5
10 / 31
–
Molise 2018 11,956 (5th)8.2
2 / 21
–
Campania 2020 133,152 (6th)5.7
3 / 51
–
Apulia 2020 160,507 (4th)9.6
4 / 49
Increase2.svg 4
Basilicata 2019 55,393 (2nd)19.2
6 / 21
–
Calabria 2021 63,459 (4rd)8.33
4 / 29
–
Sardinia 2019 80,068 (2nd)11.36
8 / 60
–
Sicily 2017 108,713 (8th) [lower-alpha 3] 5.7
1 / 70
–
  1. ↑ An additional member the League was elected from Attilio Fontana's personal list, so the number of councilors actually decreased by 2.
  2. ↑ Two other members of the League were elected from Donatella Tesei's personal list, so the number of councilors actually increased by 10.
  3. ↑ Joint list between Us with Salvini and Brothers of Italy.

Leadership

Symbols

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References

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  2. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  4. ↑ "Italian watchdog blocks Salvini's attempt to put 'mother and father' on kids' ID cards". The Local . 16 November 2018.
  5. ↑ "Italy's Salvini asserts 'natural family' in move against same-sex parents". Reuters . 10 August 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Dalla Lega Lombarda a Salvini Premier: i 35 anni del partito. FOTO | Sky TG24". tg24.sky.it.
  7. 1 2 Alberto Martinelli (2018). When Populism Meets Nationalism. Ledizioni - LediPublishing. p. 30. ISBN   9788867059027.
  8. ↑ Selcen Öner. "Growing Fusion of Populism and Euroscepticism in Italy: A Comparative Analysis of the League and The Five Star Movement". Tripodos.
  9. ↑ Daniele Albertazzi; Arianna Giovannini; Antonella Seddone. "'No regionalism please, we are Leghisti!' The transformation of the Italian Lega Nord under the leadership of Matteo Salvini" (PDF). Regional & Federal Studies.
  10. ↑ "Eurosceptic Italy in race to form majority government". www.theguardian.com. 2018.
  11. ↑ Including one senator of the Sardinian Action Party.
  12. ↑ "Centrodestra. Salvini seppellisce il vecchio Carroccio e fonda un altro partito" (in Italian). Rai. 24 January 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  13. ↑ Vecchi, Davide (24 January 2018). "Lega, Salvini schiera il 'partito parallelo' per seppellire il vecchio Carroccio su cui pendono sequestri e confische". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  14. ↑ Cremonesi, Marco (26 October 2018). "Salvini, via alla nuova Lega: sovranista per statuto e senza Alberto da Giussano". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  15. ↑ "Veneto, Lega pigliatutto anche in Trentino fra sovranismo e autonomismo". 23 October 2018.
  16. ↑ Ora l'Autonomia rafforzata per Veneto e Lombardia, Salvini si gioca il futuro
  17. ↑ "Elezioni europee 2019, Salvini: "Lega in Lombardia oltre 43%, a Milano guadagna 10 punti"". 27 May 2019.
  18. ↑ Ilvo Diamanti (27 February 2013). "Paradosso Lega: mai così debole. Eppure adesso comanda al Nord". la Repubblica .
  19. ↑ "Matteo Salvini e Marine Le Pen, storia di un'alleanza contro l'Europa". Corriere della Sera . 10 March 2018.
  20. ↑ Chiara Piselli (2 May 2019). "Matteo Salvini e CasaPound, un rapporto lungo cinque anni". Open.
  21. ↑ "Salvini lancia la sfida al Sud "Ma il nostro Dna non cambia"". Corriere della Sera . 19 December 2014.
  22. ↑ Carmelo Lopapa (11 April 2017). "Lega, spunta l'anti-Salvini. Gianni Fava (giunta Maroni) sfida il segretario al congresso". la Repubblica .
  23. ↑ "Dalla Lega Lombarda a Salvini Premier: i 35 anni del partito. FOTO".
  24. ↑ "Italy's Matteo Salvini calls for fresh elections as coalition fractures". 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  25. ↑ "Lo strano caso delle doppie tessere della Lega: Così Salvini si è fatto due partiti". 8 July 2018.
  26. ↑ Lega, "sì" al nuovo statuto. Bossi: "Salvini non può imporre nulla"
  27. ↑ Salvini "chiude" la vecchia Lega: ecco il nuovo partito nazionale
  28. ↑ La nuova Lega e la vecchia Lega
  29. ↑ Jones, Gavin (27 January 2020). "Italy's Salvini loses 'aura of invincibility' in Emilia setback". Reuters. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  30. ↑ "Chi è Luca Zaia, il Presidente leghista del Veneto che ha messo nell'ombra Matteo Salvini". 21 September 2020.
  31. ↑ Le due anime della Lega. Il caso Salvini-Giorgetti, Zaia: «Si vola con due ali, con una si precipita». L'affaire Morisi: «È una vicenda personale»
  32. ↑ Zaia: «Salvini e Giorgetti? Le due componenti della Lega possono coesistere»
  33. ↑ Massimiliano Fedriga eletto Presidente della Conferenza delle Regioni e delle Province autonome e Michele Emiliano Vicepresidente
  34. ↑ Conferenza delle regioni, Fedriga eletto presidente
  35. ↑ Meredith, Sam; Amaro, Silvia (13 January 2021). "Italy's government in crisis after former PM pulls support for ruling coalition". CNBC.com. CNBC. CNBC International. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  36. ↑ "Ex-ECB chief Mario Draghi asked to form Italy's next government". euronews. 3 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  37. ↑ "Dal voto Cinquestelle via libera al governo Draghi con il 59,3%. Di Maio: "Il movimento prende la via europea". Fico: "Niente salti ne buio"". lastampa.it (in Italian). 11 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  38. ↑ "Zingaretti: "Unità contro chi vuole destabilizzare il Pd. Ora Costituente per riforme in Parlamento"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 11 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  39. ↑ "Berlusconi e Salvini: "Sostegno a Draghi con responsabilità e senza veti"". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 10 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  40. ↑ https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/26265056/mario-draghi-indiscrezione-da-del-tu-soltanto-giancarlo-giorgetti-renato-brunetta.html
  41. ↑ Vivaldelli, Roberto (26 September 2020). "La Lega prepara la svolta europeista evocata da Giorgetti". ilGiornale.it.
  42. ↑ "Giancarlo Giorgetti, l'uomo dietro la svolta europeista di Matteo Salvini: ecco come lo ha convinto a dire si a Mario Draghi". www.liberoquotidiano.it.
  43. ↑ "Europeisti per davvero. Così Draghi marginalizza Salvini e prepara il nuovo Recovery". www.ilfoglio.it.
  44. ↑ "Governo: anima della svolta europeista della Lega, Giorgetti alla guida del Mise". www.iltempo.it.
  45. ↑ Roberts, Hannah (17 February 2021). "Italy's Draghi to League: Learn to love the euro". Politico . Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  46. ↑ "Salvini propone federazione del Centrodestra, Berlusconi non chiude". rainews.
  47. ↑ "Giustizia, Lega e Radicali lanciano i sei referendum. Salvini: "Obiettivo: un milione di firme". E cita Gaber: "Libertà è partecipazione"". la Repubblica. 1 June 2021.
  48. ↑ Giustizia, sì a 5 referendum. No alla responsabilità civile dei magistrati
  49. 1 2 3 4 Matteo Salvini: ‘Italians would not vote for us if we were extremists’
  50. ↑ Le manovre per un nuovo partito di centro: perché a Letta e Salvini interessa una Margherita 2.0
  51. ↑ Tra Salvini e Giorgetti, la variegata galassia della Lega
  52. ↑ Lega, il Giorgetti moderato fa breccia tra i centristi
  53. ↑ Franceschini: "Non vedo il ritorno del Centro. Ma una Lega moderata può essere la svolta”
  54. ↑ Franceschini: «Lega forza di centro? Può essere la svolta»
  55. ↑ Parla Bettini: "Il Pd e la Lega insieme anche dopo Draghi. Meloni è un'illiberale"
  56. ↑ Bettini: Il Pd può governare con la Lega. Meloni da arginare, si rifà a idee illiberali
  57. ↑ Pd, Letta blinda l'alleanza con il M5s: "E' il cemento" | E frena sulle larghe intese
  58. ↑ Salvini pregusta la conquista della prima Regione sotto il Po
  59. ↑ Solinas e gli altri governatori Lega: “Troppe truffe, stop al reddito di cittadinanza”
  60. ↑ Covid, i governatori della Lega: «Cambi il sistema di valutazione»
  61. ↑ https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Gruppi/Grp.html
  62. ↑ Andrea Gagliardi; Andrea Marini (14 February 2019). "Dalla secessione di Bossi all'autonomia della Lega sovranista, la lunga storia del federalismo". Il Sole 24 Ore .
  63. ↑ Claiming regionalism and Nationalism at the same time. How the Italian and Swiss Leagues can engage in contradictory claims and get away with it
  64. ↑ Alberto Sofia (25 June 2018). "Migranti, Salvini: "Ong complici e protagoniste del traffico di essere umani. In Libia accoglienza d'avanguardia"". Il Fatto Quotidiano .
  65. ↑ Alessandro Parodi (5 August 2019). "Decreto Sicurezza bis, cosa prevede e come è cambiato". Open.
  66. ↑ Salvini al corteo pro-Israele 'Il governo prenda posizione'
  67. ↑ Lega: "Salvini minacciato di morte per l'appoggio a Israele". La solidarietà della Comunità ebraica
  68. ↑ Salvini: "Sanzioni alla Russia inutili, pronti ad agire. Ma siamo soli contro il mondo"
  69. ↑ Arcangelo Rociola (10 July 2018). ""Dobbiamo prepararci al cigno nero". Savona torna a parlare di Euro e piano B". AGI.
  70. ↑ Oriana Liso (31 May 2018). "Milano, cancellata la scritta "Basta euro" dal muro della Lega di via Bellerio". La Repubblica .
  71. ↑ Giuseppe Timpone (14 June 2018). "Tetto al contante, Salvini vuole abolirlo e l'economia italiana lo ringrazierebbe". Investire Oggi.
  72. ↑ Ma dov’è il liberismo?La destra in Italia non esiste
  73. ↑ La Lega e l’economia: liberisti o keynesiani?
  74. ↑ Giancarlo Giorgetti allo Sviluppo economico, l'eminenza grigia della Lega al governo
  75. ↑ Chi è Giancarlo Giorgetti, il nuovo ministro dello Sviluppo economico
  76. ↑ La Bagnai Theory
  77. ↑ Bagnai, il no euro: "Sono pronto a fare il ministro"
  78. ↑ "Governo approva Reddito di cittadinanza e Quota 100. Ecco come funzioneranno".
  79. ↑ Matteo Salvini dice che la Lega ha sbagliato ad approvare il Reddito di cittadinanza
  80. ↑ Cos’è in definitiva "La Bestia" di Matteo Salvini
  81. ↑ Morisi, Salvini e la «Bestia»: il capitano è il politico più social d’Europa
  82. ↑ Perché Salvini lo chiamano “Capitano”? Come è nato il soprannome del leader della Lega
  83. ↑ Salvini's social media mastermind faces drug dealing investigation
  84. ↑ Luca Morisi, the admission of the two Romanian boys after the check: “There's Ghb in the bottle”. Salvini now goes on the attack: “Media crap”
  85. ↑ Caso Morisi, la procura di Verona chiede l'archiviazione
  86. ↑ "Genova, esponenti di lega e fdi – Centrodestra, ecco l'accordo: Bucci candidato sindaco, ma è giallo su Balleari vice". www.ilsecoloxix.it. 24 March 2017.
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