Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform, to those who oppose EU membership and see the EU as unreformable. The opposite of Euroscepticism is known as pro-Europeanism, or European Unionism.
The Transnational Radical Party (TRP), whose official name is Nonviolent Radical Party, Transnational and Transparty (NRPTT), is a political association of citizens, members of parliament and members of government of various national and political backgrounds who intend to adopt nonviolent means to create an effective body of international law with respect for individuals, human, civil and political rights, as well as the affirmation of democracy and political freedom in the world. The TRP does not participate in elections and, despite being named "party", is a non-governmental organization (NGO), with consultative status at the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations (UN) since 1995, adept in building synergies among political forces aimed at achieving the goals of its congressional motions.
The Movement for France was a conservative Eurosceptic French political party, founded on 20 November 1994, with a marked regional stronghold in the Vendée. It was led by Philippe de Villiers, once communications minister under Jacques Chirac.
The Italian Radicals is a liberal and libertarian political party in Italy. The party draws inspiration form 19th-century classical radicalism and the Radical Party. The RI are a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, along with its former associate party More Europe, and was previously a full member of the Liberal International.
Europeans United for Democracy – Alliance for a Europe of Democracies, formerly known as EUDemocrats, was a Eurosceptic and self-described Eurorealist alliance of parties and movements from 15 European countries. It operated as a transnational party at the European level, according to Regulation (EC) No 2004/2003. It sought a radical decentralization or a complete abolition of the EU. It incorporated members from both the right and the left political spectrum; however, it was dominated by left-wing parties and represented ideologically left-wing faction of Euroscepticism. It functioned between 2005 and 2017.
The Italian Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party was founded in 2007–2008 by the merger of the following social-democratic parties and groups: Enrico Boselli's Italian Democratic Socialists, the faction of the New Italian Socialist Party led by Gianni De Michelis, The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi, Democracy and Socialism of Gavino Angius, the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci, Socialism is Freedom of Rino Formica and some other minor organisations. Until October 2009, the party was known as Socialist Party.
The Italian Liberal Right or, simply, Liberal Right, is a minor conservative-liberal political party in Italy.
Brothers of Italy is a national-conservative and right-wing populist political party in Italy, that is currently the country's ruling party. It became the largest party after the 2022 Italian general election. The party is led by Giorgia Meloni, the incumbent Prime Minister of Italy. Meloni's tenure has been described as the "most right-wing" republican government in Italy since World War II, whilst her time in government is frequently described as a shift towards the far-right in Italian politics.
The 2018 Italian general election was held on 4 March 2018 after the Italian Parliament was dissolved by President Sergio Mattarella on 28 December 2017. Voters were electing the 630 members of the Chamber of Deputies and the 315 elective members of the Senate of the Republic for the 18th legislature of the Italian Republic since 1948. The election took place concurrently with the Lombard and Lazio regional elections. No party or coalition gained an absolute majority in the parliament, even though the centre-right coalition won a plurality of seats as a coalition, and the Five Star Movement (M5S) won a plurality of seats as an individual party.
Us with Salvini was a populist political party in Italy. The party, founded by Matteo Salvini on 19 December 2014, was the sister party of Lega Nord (LN) for southern Italy, Lazio, and Sardinia.
Popular Alternative is a Christian-democratic political party in Italy that was founded on 18 March 2017 after the dissolution of New Centre-Right (NCD), one of the two parties that emerged at the break-up of The People of Freedom. "Popular" is a reference to popolarismo, the Italian variety of Christian democracy. The party has been a member of the European People's Party (EPP) since its foundation, having inherited the membership of the NCD.
Carla Rocchi is an Italian politician who served as a member of the Italian Senate from 23 April 1992 to 29 May 2001 as a member of the Federation of the Greens. She was first elected to the Senate in the 1992 elections, and was re-elected in 1994 and 1996. After serving in the Budget Committee her first two terms, she served as the Undersecretary for the Ministry of Public Education from 1999 to 2000, and served as State Secretary for the Ministry of Health from 2000 until the end of her term in 2001.
Populism exists in Europe.
Action is a liberal political party in Italy. Its leader is Carlo Calenda, a member of the European Parliament within the group of Renew Europe and former minister of Economic Development.
Lega, whose official name is Lega per Salvini Premier, is a right-wing populist political party in Italy, led by Matteo Salvini. The LSP is the informal successor of Lega Nord.
Italexit for Italy, usually referred to simply as Italexit, is a populist, sovereignist, and hard Eurosceptic political party in Italy, which advocates the country's exit from the eurozone and the European Union. Its founder is Gianluigi Paragone, a former member of the Senate of the Republic and TV journalist. Paragone and Italexit oppose Italy's membership in NATO. Although the party rejects a classification on the political spectrum and includes some left-wing positions, it is considered right-wing due to Paragone's profile. Italexit was founded in 2020 after Paragone was expelled from the Five Star Movement (M5S). Between 2020 and 2022, Italexit was joined by several members of the Italian Parliament, mainly from the M5S and the League (Lega). Paragone had been a supporter of the M5S–Lega government, which was known as the Government of Change, and opposed the M5S government with the Democratic Party (PD).
The Social Democrats, officially Social Democracy, is a social-democratic political party in Italy founded on 2 July 2022. It considers itself to be the continuation of the historical Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), founded by Giuseppe Saragat and other reformist socialists on 11 January 1947.
Sovereign and Popular Italy was a populist, sovereignist and Eurosceptic political alliance in Italy, formed in July 2022 in order to participate in the 2022 Italian general election. After the election, ISP was disbanded and some of its components gave birth to "Sovereign Popular Democracy". Its leaders were Francesco Toscano and Marco Rizzo.
The I Congress of the Communist Party of Italy was held in Livorno on 21 January 1921, following the split of the communist fraction at the end of the XVII Congress of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).
Freedom, sometimes referred to as the Freedom Front, is a populist electoral list in Italy founded by Cateno De Luca, mayor of Taormina. The list, which includes several regionalist, Eurosceptic, and populist minor parties, was launched in March 2024 in Rome, with the aim of taking part in the 2024 European Parliament election in Italy.
