Virginia McKenna | |
---|---|
Born | Virginia Anne McKenna 7 June 1931 |
Alma mater | Royal Central School of Speech and Drama |
Occupation(s) | Stage and screen actress, author |
Years active | 1952–present |
Spouses | |
Children | 4 |
Dame Virginia Anne McKenna [1] (born 7 June 1931) is a British stage and screen actress, author, animal rights activist, and wildlife campaigner. She is best known for the films A Town Like Alice (1956), Carve Her Name with Pride (1958), Born Free (1966), and Ring of Bright Water (1969), as well as her work with the Born Free Foundation. [2]
McKenna was born in Marylebone to a theatrical family and was educated at Heron's Ghyll School, a former independent boarding school near the market town of Horsham in Sussex. She spent six years in South Africa before returning to the school at the age of fourteen, after which she attended the Central School of Speech and Drama, at that time based at the Royal Albert Hall, London. [3]
Aged 19, McKenna spent six months at Dundee Repertory Theatre. She worked on stage in London's West End theatre, making her debut in Penny for a Song. She attracted attention on TV appearing in Winter's Tale with Sir John Gielgud and Shout Aloud Salvation. [4] [5]
McKenna's first film was The Second Mrs Tanqueray (1952), followed by a comedy, Father's Doing Fine (1952). She had a small role in the popular war film The Cruel Sea (1953) and a better part in the low budget comedy The Oracle (1953). She received excellent reviews for her stage performance in The River Line . [5] By June 1953, she was appearing in the West End production of William Douglas Home's The Bad Samaritan. [6]
From 1954 to 1955, she was a member of the Old Vic theatre company, appearing in Henry IV and Richard II, [7] and was married for a few months in 1954 to actor Denholm Elliott, whom she met on the set of The Cruel Sea. Their marriage ended owing to his affairs with men. [8] In 1957, she married actor Bill Travers, [9] with whom she had four children and to whom she remained married until his death in 1994.
McKenna returned to films with Simba (1955), a drama about the Mau Mau, playing Dirk Bogarde's love interest. Rank signed her to a long-term contract [10] and director Brian Desmond Hurst said "She has a terrific future, properly handled. She has all the qualities of a young Bergman and a young Katharine Hepburn. [11] McKenna was also in The Ship That Died of Shame (1955).
McKenna was given the lead role in the war time drama A Town Like Alice (1956), opposite Peter Finch. The movie was a big hit at the box office and McKenna won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her performance. [12] Exhibitors voted her the fourth most popular British star. [13] In October 1956, John Davis, managing director of Rank, announced her as one of the actors under contract that Davis thought would become an international star. [14]
Travers and McKenna received an offer to go to Hollywood to appear in The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957). Travers played Robert Browning and McKenna had the support part of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's sister. The movie flopped at the box office. The same year, Travers and McKenna, along with Margaret Rutherford and Peter Sellers, co-starred in the comedy The Smallest Show on Earth , made back in Britain.
McKenna had another hit with Carve Her Name with Pride (1958), playing Second World War SOE agent Violette Szabo. She was nominated for another BAFTA Award and was voted the fifth most popular British star of 1958 (and the ninth most popular regardless of nationality).
She and Travers were reunited in Passionate Summer (1959), then she had a support part in MGM's The Wreck of the Mary Deare (1959). McKenna and Travers were also in Two Living, One Dead (1961), shot in Sweden. She was in an adaptation of A Passage to India for the BBC in 1965.
McKenna is best remembered for her 1966 role as Joy Adamson in the true-life film Born Free for which she received a nomination for a Golden Globe. It was not only a huge success at the box office but a life changing experience for her and her husband Bill Travers who co-starred with her, portraying game warden and conservationist George Adamson. The experience led them to become active supporters for wild animal rights as well as the protection of their natural habitat. McKenna and Travers starred in another animal-themed story, Ring of Bright Water (1969), but it failed to match Born Free's success.
McKenna appeared in An Elephant Called Slowly. The film features her close friend conservationist George Adamson and also elephants Eleanor (brought up by conservationist Daphne Sheldrick) and young Pole Pole. The subsequent premature death of Pole Pole in London Zoo led to McKenna and her husband to establish Zoo Check in 1984 with their eldest son Will Travers. [15] Zoo Check was renamed Born Free Foundation in 1991. In 1984 McKenna was involved with a protest against the poor conditions at Southampton Zoo which was closed a year later. [16]
McKenna occasionally acted in films, notably Waterloo (1970), Swallows and Amazons (1974), The Gathering Storm (1974), and Beauty and the Beast (1976).
Onstage, in 1979 she won the Olivier Award for Best Actress in a British musical for her performance opposite Yul Brynner in The King and I . Over the years she appeared in more films but was also very active with television roles and on stage where she continues to make occasional appearances.
McKenna has been responsible for helping create and furnish the Gavin Maxwell Museum [17] on Eilean Bàn, the last island home of Maxwell, an author and naturalist, most famous for his book Ring of Bright Water . McKenna and husband Bill Travers starred in the 1969 film adaptation of the book.
McKenna is still actively involved at Born Free Foundational as a Trustee. [18]
McKenna was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2004 New Year Honours for services to wildlife and the arts and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours for services to wildlife conservation and wild animal welfare. [19] [20]
McKenna and Travers had four children together, one of whom is Will Travers. She is the grandmother of actress Lily Travers.
In 1975, she released an album of twelve songs called Two Faces of Love, which included two of her own compositions and a sung version of the poem "The Life That I Have" from the film Carve Her Name with Pride . The record was released on the Gold Star label with two line drawings of McKenna by her sister-in-law Linden Travers, but these were replaced by a photograph when the album was reissued on the Rim label in 1979.
Her audiobook work includes The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett, [21] and narration of The Lonely Doll by Dare Wright.
McKenna is a vegetarian. [22] She is a patron of Cinnamon Trust, a national charity that helps elderly people to keep their pets. [23]
Her autobiography, The Life in My Years, was published by Oberon Books in March 2009. [24]
Year | Film | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1952 | Father's Doing Fine | Catherine | |
The Second Mrs. Tanqueray | Ellean Tanqueray | ||
1953 | The Cruel Sea | Julie Hallam | |
The Oracle | Shelagh | ||
1955 | Simba | Mary Crawford | |
The Ship That Died of Shame | Helen Randall | ||
1956 | A Town Like Alice | Jean Paget | BAFTA Award for Best British Actress |
1957 | The Barretts of Wimpole Street | Henrietta Barrett | |
The Smallest Show on Earth | Jean Spenser | ||
1958 | Carve Her Name with Pride | Violette Szabo | Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best British Actress |
Passionate Summer | Judy Waring | aka Storm Over Jamaica | |
1959 | The Wreck of the Mary Deare | Janet Taggart | |
1961 | Two Living, One Dead | Helen Berger | |
1965 | A Passage to India | Adela Quested | (TV) |
1966 | Born Free | Joy Adamson | Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama |
1969 | Ring of Bright Water | Mary MacKenzie | |
An Elephant Called Slowly | Ginny | ||
1970 | Waterloo | Duchess of Richmond | |
1972–1973 | The Edwardians | Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick | BBC Television miniseries |
1974 | Swallows and Amazons | Mother | |
The Gathering Storm | Clemmie Churchill | (TV) | |
1975 | Cheap in August: Shades of Green | Mary Watson | (TV)Thames Television Series |
1975 | Beauty and the Beast | Lucy | (TV) |
1977 | Holocaust 2000 | Eva Caine | |
The Disappearance | Catherine | ||
1979 | Julius Caesar | Portia | (BBC Television Shakespeare) |
1982 | Blood Link | Woman in Ballroom | |
1992 | The Camomile Lawn | Older Polly | (TV miniseries) |
1994 | Staggered | Flora | |
1996 | September | Violet | (TV) |
1998 | Sliding Doors | James's Mother | |
2005 | A Murder is Announced | Belle Goedler | |
2010 | Love/Loss | Mary | |
2012 | Leona Calderon | Elderly British Lady | [25] |
2016 | Golden Years | Martha Goode | |
Ethel & Ernest [26] | Lady of the House | (voice) | |
2019 | Widow's Walk | Myrtle | |
2020 | Wings | Dora | Short film |
Dame Joanna Lamond Lumley is a British actress, presenter, former model, author, television producer and activist. She has won two BAFTA TV Awards for her role as Patsy Stone in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous (1992–2012) and was nominated for the 2011 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the Broadway revival of La Bête. In 2013, she received the Special Recognition Award at the National Television Awards and in 2017 she was honoured with the BAFTA Fellowship award.
Elsa the lioness was a female lion raised along with her sisters "Big One" and "Lustica" by game warden George Adamson and his wife Joy Adamson after they were orphaned at only a few days old. Though her two sisters eventually went to the Netherlands' Rotterdam Zoo, Elsa was trained by the Adamsons to survive on her own, and was eventually released into the wild.
Friederike Victoria "Joy" Adamson was a naturalist, artist and author. Her book, Born Free, describes her experiences raising a lion cub named Elsa. Born Free was printed in several languages and made into an Academy Award-winning movie of the same name. In 1977, she was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art.
Born Free is a 1966 British drama film starring the real-life couple Virginia McKenna and Bill Travers as Joy and George Adamson, another real-life couple, who raised Elsa the Lioness, an orphaned lion cub, to adulthood and released her into the wilderness of Kenya. The film was produced by Open Road Films Ltd. and Columbia Pictures. The screenplay, written by blacklisted Hollywood writer Lester Cole, was based upon Joy Adamson's 1960 non-fiction book Born Free. The film was directed by James Hill and produced by Sam Jaffe and Paul Radin. Born Free, and its musical score, by John Barry, as well as the title song, with lyrics by Don Black and sung by Matt Monro, won numerous awards.
George Alexander Graham Adamson MBE, also known as the Baba ya Simba, was a British wildlife conservationist and author based in Kenya. His wife Joy Adamson related in her best-selling book Born Free (1960) the couple's life with Elsa the Lioness, an orphaned lioness cub they raised and later released into the wild.
Lilli Palmer was a German actress and writer. After beginning her career in British films in the 1930s, she would later transition to major Hollywood productions, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance in But Not for Me (1959).
William Inglis Lindon Travers was a British actor, screenwriter, director and animal rights activist. Before his show business career, he served in the British Army with Gurkha and special forces units.
The Born Free Foundation is an international wildlife charity that campaigns to "Keep Wildlife in the Wild". It protects wild animals in their natural habitat, campaigns against the keeping of wild animals in captivity and rescues wild animals in need. It also promotes compassionate conservation, which takes into account the welfare of individual animals in conservation initiatives. Born Free also creates and provides educational materials and activities that reflect the charity's values.
Ring of Bright Water is a 1969 British comedy-drama film directed by Jack Couffer and starring Bill Travers and Virginia McKenna. It is a story about a Londoner and his pet otter living on the Scottish coast. The story is fictional, but is adapted from the 1960 autobiographical book of the same name by Gavin Maxwell. It featured the stars of Born Free (1966), another film about a close relationship between humans and a wild animal.
Annette Andre is an Australian actress best known for her work on British television throughout the 1960s and 1970s.
Mara the Lioness (1965–1974) was an animal actor who appeared as Elsa in the 1966 movie Born Free, based on the true story of Elsa the Lioness raised by George and Joy Adamson.
Dartmoor Zoological Society is a 33-acre (13 ha) zoo just north of the village of Sparkwell, on the south-west edge of Dartmoor, in the county of Devon in the South West of England. It was opened in 1968 by Ellis Daw who ran it until its licence was revoked and it was forced to close in 2006. The zoo was bought in August 2006 by Benjamin Mee, who reopened the zoo in July 2007, later writing a book about his experiences called We Bought a Zoo (2008). A 2011 film of the same title was loosely based on the book. In September 2014 the zoo became the charity Dartmoor Zoological Society, a charity that focuses onconservation, education and research.
Christian the lion was a lion born in captivity and purchased by Australian John Rendall and Anthony "Ace" Bourke from Harrods department store in London in 1969. He was later reintroduced to the African wild by conservationist George Adamson. Two years after Adamson released Christian to the wild, his former owners decided to go looking for him to see whether Christian would remember them. He did, and with him were two lionesses who accepted the men as well.
James Hill was a British film and television director, screenwriter and producer whose career spanned 52 years between 1937 and 1989, best remembered for his documentaries and short subjects such as Giuseppina and The Home-Made Car, and as director of the internationally acclaimed Born Free.
Gary Hodges is a British artist and publisher much admired internationally for his graphite pencil wildlife art. His original drawings and limited edition prints have sold widely in the UK and throughout the world and is collected by large numbers of ordinary citizens, many not previously seeing themselves as "art collectors". During his career he has sold over 110,000 limited edition prints from 130 editions. His popularity has influenced and encouraged many other artists to develop intricate styles with pencil. He has a close connection to various environmental and wildlife conservation groups for whom he provides considerable financial support.
Passionate Summer is a 1958 British drama film directed by Rudolph Cartier and starring Virginia McKenna, Bill Travers and Yvonne Mitchell. It is also known by the alternative title Storm Over Jamaica. It was based on a best-selling 1949 novel by Richard Mason called The Shadow and the Peak.
Mia Sasha McKenna-Bruce is an English actress. She gained prominence through her role as Tee Taylor in Tracy Beaker Returns and The Dumping Ground. Her films include Persuasion and How to Have Sex. For the latter, she won a British Independent Film Award, the BAFTA Rising Star Award and was nominated for the European Film Award for Best Actress. She is set to reprise her role as Tee Taylor in The Dumping Ground’s series 14.
Lily Annabelle Lindon Travers is an English actress. Her films include Late Shift (2016) and Viceroy's House (2017). She joined the main cast of the ITV historical drama Victoria (2019) for its third series. In 2017, Travers played Polly in the Doctor Who special "Twice Upon a Time".
William Morell Lindon Travers is an English director, writer, broadcaster and animal rights activist. He is president of the Born Free Foundation, Born Free USA and Species Survival Network. He is the son of English actors and wildlife campaigners Bill Travers (1922–1994) and Virginia McKenna, and nephew of actress Linden Travers.
An Elephant Called Slowly is a 1969 British film from the team that made Born Free. It starred the elephant Pole Pole. The film was shot on location in Kenya.