Places mentioned in Shakespeare's[a] text are not listed unless he explicitly set at least one scene there, even where that place is important to the plot such as Syracuse in The Comedy of Errors or Milan in The Tempest. Similarly, the place where an historical or mythical event depicted by Shakespeare is supposed to have happened is not listed unless Shakespeare mentions the setting in the play's text, although these places are sometimes mentioned in the text or footnotes. For example, some editors have placed act 3 scene 2 of Julius Caesar at "the Forum" but there is no listing for the Forum on this page because Shakespeare's text does not specify it.
Alexandria in Egypt is the setting of the greatest number of scenes in Antony and Cleopatra. Also a number of scenes are set outside its walls, and in the camp of the Romans attacking it.[4][5][6]
Angiers (Angers in France) and the camps and battlefields in its vicinity, especially the pavilion of the French king, are the settings of the second and third acts of King John.[7][8][9]
Antioch in modern-day Turkey - but in the play referred to as located in Syria - is the setting of the opening scene, with its incest sub-plot, in Pericles.[10][11][12]
Antium in present-day Italy is the Volscian city to which the banished Coriolanus travels to forge an alliance with Aufidius, in Coriolanus, and is the setting of the play's climax.[13][14]
Belmont is a fictional estate some twenty miles from Venice, Italy: the home of Portia and her household, and the setting of the "casket" scenes, and of the play's conclusion, in The Merchant of Venice.[30][31][32][33]
ForBerwicksee the "England" entry for Henry VI, Part 3.
Bohemia, the landlocked modern-day Czechia, is, in The Winter's Tale, a coastal kingdom of which Polixenes is the king. It is the setting of the end of Act 3 and the whole of the long act 4.[34][35][36]
Bordeaux in France is the setting of the defeat of Talbot, and of the deaths of him and his son John, in Henry VI, Part 1.[37][38][39] In two related parallel scenes without specific locations, York and his army, then Somerset and his army, fail to send reinforcements to Talbot.[b]
Britain in the Roman era is the primary setting of Cymbeline. Shakespeare does not locate King Cymbeline's court any more precisely.[43][44][45]
Britain in the pre-Christian era is the only setting of King Lear. In the world of the play the only location specified is Dover. The other significant settings (the homes of Lear, of Goneril and Albany, and of Gloucester, and the various outdoor settings) are not identified any more specifically.[46][47]
ForBury St Edmundssee "St Edmundsbury".
C
Corioli (typically spelled Corioles in the First Folio) - in modern-day Italy, although its precise location is unknown - and the battlefield and the trenches of the Romans attacking it, are the settings of the scenes in which Caius Martius earns the honorary name "Coriolanus", in Coriolanus.[48][49][50][51]
Dover in England and various places in its vicinity, including the camps of the French and British armies nearby, are settings in the latter half of King Lear.[63][64][47][65]
Elsinore (i.e. Helsingør in Denmark), particularly its castle and its environs, are the only settings of Hamlet. The only scenes outside the castle are one on the Danish coast (act 4 scene 4) where Hamlet sees the Norwegian forces, and one set in a graveyard (act 5 scene 1).[66][67][68][69]
England:
See also "Barnet", "Bosworth", "Coventry", "Dover", "London", "Rochester", "Salisbury", "Shrewsbury", "Southampton", "St Albans", "St Edmundsbury", "Tewkesbury", "Wakefield", "Windsor" and "York", and, under less-specific settings, below, "Castle", and, under more-specific settings below, "Baynard's Castle", "Blackfriars", "Eastcheap", "Ely House", "Forest of Arden", "Gad's Hill", "Garter Inn", "Gaultree Forest", "Gloucestershire", "Herne's Oak" "Kenilworth Castle", "Kimbolton Castle", "Pomfret Castle" "Southwark", "Swinstead Abbey" "Temple Garden", "Tower of London" "Westminster Palace" and "York Place".
The frame story of The Taming of the Shrew (i.e. the two scenes of the "Induction" and a short exchange at the end of act 1 scene 1), in which the drunken tinker Christopher Sly is persuaded he is a lord and is invited to watch a play, has no specified setting, but appears to be in England since Sly claims to be from Burton Heath,[70] Warwickshire, and to know a "fat alewife of Wincot".[71][72]
England, probably at the court of Edward the Confessor, is the setting of a lengthy scene in which Malcolm tests Macduff's loyalty, and then Macduff learns of the murder of his family, in Macbeth.[73][74][75]
England, somewhere near the border by Berwick (which was, at the time the play is set, in Scotland), King Henry visits his former dominions, and is captured by two keepers, in Henry VI, Part 3.[76][77][78]
"England" is the only location given in a stage direction in Henry VI, Part 3, presumably to clarify the location since the scene (act 4 scene 2) includes French soldiers. Neither it nor the following scene, in which Warwick's powers overcome Edward's guards at his tent and take him prisoner, is given any more specific location.[79][80]
Ephesus, in modern-day Turkey, is the scene of Thaisa's rescue by Cerimon, and later of Thaisa's reconciliation with Pericles at Diana's temple, in Pericles.[84][11][85]
Florence, in modern-day Italy but in the play an independent state governed by a duke, is the place to which Bertram runs away to take part in the Tuscan Wars, in All's Well That Ends Well, and is the setting of the gulling of Paroles, and of the bed-trick played upon Bertram by Helen and Diana.[88][89][90]
See also "Angiers", "Bordeaux", "Harfleur", "Marseille", "Orleans", "Paris", "Rouen", "Roussillon" and, under less-specific settings, below, "Battlefield" and "Castle", and, under more-specific settings below, "Agincourt", "Auvergne", "Forest of Arden" and "French Court".
France is the location of As You Like It. The location of the scenes in Duke Frederick's court, and at Oliver's house, are not specified any more accurately.[93][94][95]
France is the location of most of the last four acts of Henry V. Some scenes are not located more specifically, but occur on the march between Harfleur and Calais.[96][97][98]
G
ForGreecesee "Actium", "Athens", "Mytilene", "Philippi" and "Thebes".
Inverness in Scotland is the location of Macbeth's castle prior to his becoming king, and is the setting of the events surrounding the murder of Duncan, in Macbeth.[103][104]
See also "Baynard's Castle", "Blackfriars", "Eastcheap", "Ely House", "Southwark", "Temple Garden", "Tower of London, "Westminster Palace" and "York Place" under more-specific settings below, and "Road" under less-specific settings below.
London and Kent provide a series of settings for the rebellion of Jack Cade and its aftermath, dramatized in Henry VI, Part 2. Among the locations speculated by editors from clues in the text or from historical sources, but not explicitly stated by Shakespeare, are Blackheath, Sevenoaks, Cannon Street and Smithfield. The home of Alexander Iden, who captures and kills Jack Cade, has been placed in the counties of Sussex or Kent. [c][106]See also "Tower of London" and "Southwark" under more-specific settings below.
M
Mantua in present-day Italy is the city to which Romeo flees when exiled in Romeo and Juliet, where he hears of Juliet's supposed death and purchases the poison which will eventually kill him.[107][108][109]
Milford Haven in Wales, and the area surrounding it, are the settings of most of the second half of Cymbeline, including the cave of Belarius, the site of the battle between Rome and Britain, and the denouement at Cymbeline's camp.[118][119]
Mytilene on Lesbos in modern-day Greece is the location of the brothel to which Marina is sold, and is the setting (together with Pericles' ship, while moored there) of much of the last two acts of Pericles.[120][121][122]
Pentapolis in modern-day Libya is the setting of the middle-part of Pericles, where the title character is shipwrecked, and meets his wife Thaisa.[141][142][143]
Rome in modern-day Italy, and later in the play the camp of the Volscian army threatening it, are the primary settings of Coriolanus.[152][153]
Rome in modern-day Italy is the site of the home of Philario, where Posthumus encounters Iachimo and wagers upon Innogen's loyalty, and also the setting of a short scene between two senators and a tribune at the end of act 3, of Cymbeline.[154][155][156][157]
Rome in modern-day Italy, together with a forest outside it, and the camp of the Goths led by Lucius preparing to attack it, are the only settings of Titus Andronicus.[161][162][163]
Rouen in France is captured by Joan and the French, then recaptured by Talbot and the English, in Henry VI, Part 1, and is the site of the Duke of Burgundy's defection to the French side; and later is the scene of Joan's execution at the stake.[164][165][166]
Sardis in present-day Turkey, at Brutus' camp and mainly in his tent, is the setting of most of Act 4 of Julius Caesar, including the conflict between Brutus and Cassius and the first appearance of Caesar's ghost.[173][174]
Scotland:
See also "Fife", "Forres" and "Inverness", and, under more-specific settings below, "Birnam Wood" and "Dunsinane Hill".
Scotland is the setting of most of Macbeth: and the witches' scenes and most outdoor scenes do not have any more specific setting.[175][176][177]
Southampton in England is the setting of Henry's departure for France, and of the exposure of the traitors Cambridge, Scroop and Grey, in Henry V.[184][185][186]
St Edmundsbury (i.e. Bury St Edmunds in England) is the setting of a battle between the forces of King John and the Dauphin in the final act of King John.[191][192]
Tarsus in modern-day Turkey is the place where the child Marina is fostered to Cleon and Dionyza, and the location of the later plot to murder her, in Pericles.[193][11][194]
Thebes in modern-day Greece, but in the play governed by the tyrant Creon, is the setting of our first encounter with Palamon and Arcite, the title characters of The Two Noble Kinsmen.[198][199]
ForTurkeysee "Antioch", "Ephesus", "Sardis", "Tarsus" and "Troy" and, under more-specific settings below, "Ilium".
Tyre in modern-day Lebanon is the home of the title character of Pericles, Prince of Tyre and the setting of several scenes in the first act, before he embarks upon the journey which comprises most of the play's plot.[203][11][204]
Vienna in present-day Austria, although not literally a setting of Hamlet, is the setting of its play-within-a-play The Murder of Gonzago, also known as The Mousetrap.[219][124][220]
Wales is the setting of two related scenes in Richard II. In the first, which is given no more specific location, the Earl of Salisbury is abandoned by the king's Welsh forces.[d] The related scene of King Richard's return from Ireland to discover he has no military support is, in the text, set near "Barkloughly Castle", which means Harlech Castle.[e][226][228][229]
Wales, without being specified more accurately in the text, is the location of Glendower's court, where the rebels - Glendower, Mortimer, Worcester and Hotspur - meet to plan the division of the kingdom, in Henry IV, Part 1.[f][231][230]
York in England is the setting of a stand-off where Edward is, at first, barred the gates by the Mayor, and then of the alliance between Edward and Montgomery, in Henry VI, Part 3.[240][241]
Less-specific settings
Battlefield:
For specific battlefields, see the entry for the place after which the battle is named.
An unnamed battlefield is the setting of a supernatural scene in which Joan communes with fiends, in Henry VI, Part 1, followed by her capture, and then Suffolk captures Margaret. Historically, Joan was captured at Compiègne in France, and Suffolk's capture of Margaret is unhistorical.[242][243]
A castle somewhere in England is the setting of the death of Arthur in King John. There is an internal scene in which Arthur persuades Hubert not to kill him, and an external scene in which Arthur dies in trying to escape, and his body is discovered. Shakespeare gives no indication which castle is intended: speculation has included Northampton, Dover, Canterbury or the Tower of London.[244] Historically, Arthur was not held in England at all, but at Rouen Castle in France.[245]
In Henry IV, several scenes (act 2 scene 3 of Part 1, and act 1 scene 1 and act 2 scene 3 of Part 2) are set at the castles which are the homes of Hotspur and Northumberland, without the location being specified other than being described by Rumour as "this worm-eaten hole of ragged stone".[246] Historically in both cases this would have been Warkworth Castle.[247][248]
A forest outside Athens - featuring the mouth of a cave in which Timon is dwelling - is the setting of much of the last two acts of Timon of Athens.[252]
A forest outside Milan is the home of the outlaws of whom Valentine becomes the leader in The Two Gentlemen of Verona, and is the setting of the play's climax.[256][257]
A forest near Rome is the setting of the second act of Titus Andronicus, comprising the murder of Bassianus and the framing of Titus' sons for it, and of the rape and mutilation of Lavinia.[258]
Gaol:
An unspecified gaol is the setting of the (unhistorical) meeting of York with Mortimer in Henry VI, Part 1.[259]
Graveyard:
A graveyard near Elsinore is the setting of the "Alas, poor Yorick"[260] sequence, and of the funeral of Ophelia, in act 5 scene 1 of Hamlet.[261][262][263]
Island:
An unnamed remote island is the setting of the whole of The Tempest except for the opening storm scene at sea.[264][265][266]
Park:
A park, where Edward is out hunting accompanied by his captors, is the setting of the rescue of Edward by Richard and his followers, in Henry VI, Part 3. The only textual hint to its location is that Edward is the prisoner of the Bishop of York. Historically, Edward was held at Middleham Castle, in Yorkshire.[267][268][269][270]
The road to Westminster Abbey, for the coronation of Henry V, is the setting of the climax - with the final rejection of Falstaff - of Henry IV, Part 2.[275]
On a march sometime after the Battle of Wakefield the three sons of York witness the vision of the three suns in the sky, learn the details of their father's death, and meet Warwick who gives them the bad news of the outcome of the second battle of St Albans, in Henry VI, Part 3.[g][276]
A street in London is the setting of several scenes in Henry VIII, in which some gentlemen meet to discuss the affairs of the day, and in one case to witness the coronation procession of Anne Bullen.[277]
Ship:
Pericles' ship, on its voyage around the Mediterranean, is the setting of various scenes in Pericles.[278]
A ship threatened by a storm on a voyage from Tunis to Naples is the setting of the opening scene of The Tempest.[279]
More-specific settings
Locations identified as being in or around the home of a specific character are not listed, including where that home is a "castle", "cave" or "cell". Similarly, the "court" of any character who is a ruler is not listed unless Shakespeare gives it a specific location. Also not listed are generic locations such as "abbey", "brothel", "mart", "palace", "prison", "seashore" or "street", nor buildings given fictional names such as "the Porpentine", "the Phoenix" and others in The Comedy of Errors or "the Elephant" in Twelfth Night.
Military camps are not listed separately, and where relevant are mentioned under the name of the city being besieged or the place after which the battle is named.
Many Shakespearean characters are named after places: usually because they are known by their noble title rather than their actual name. This list does not assume that the homes of those characters are in that place unless Shakespeare's text explicitly places them there: even where that was true of the historical person upon whom the character is based. For example, there is no listing on this page for Gloucester in England (although see "Gloucestershire" below) even though there are characters usually described as Gloucester in King Lear, Henry IV (Part 2), Henry V, all three parts of Henry VI, and Richard III, and some scenes are set at their homes.
Agincourt (i.e. Azincourt in France) the site of the Battle of Agincourt, and the camps of the French and English soldiers, are the settings of the main episode of Henry V including Henry's decisive victory.[280][281]
Birnam Wood in Scotland is the rendezvous of the Scottish and English forces opposing Macbeth, in Macbeth. In a short scene set there, Malcolm fulfils the witches' prophecy that "Macbeth shall never vanquished be until great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him"[288] by ordering his soldiers to each cut down a bough from the forest and carry it before them.[289][290][291]
Blackfriars in London, England, is the setting of the trial of Queen Katherine in Henry VIII, and of the subsequent scene (historically at the adjoining Bridewell Palace) in which Katherine and her women commune with Wolsey and Campeius.[292][293]
Peter Holland, referring to Shakespeare's plays set in Ancient Rome, says: "Shakespeare appears to have assumed that the Capitol was the seat of the Senate but it was properly, to be pedantic, the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill while the Senate met near the Forum."[296][297]
The Capitol in Rome in present-day Italy is where Coriolanus stands for the role of Consul, in Coriolanus.[298][296]
Eastcheap in London, England, is the location of a tavern frequented by Falstaff, Hal and their companions in Henry IV part 1 and part 2. It is often labelled the "The Boar's Head" after a real inn in Eastcheap, although that name is never used by Shakespeare.[310][311][312][313] The context suggests that the scenes surrounding Falstaff's death in Henry V happen in the same location.[314][315][316]
English Court. Many scenes in the English history plays are set at the English court, without the king's palace being named. The main seats of the court in Shakespeare's time (Greenwich, Hampton Court and Whitehall) had not been built at the time of the Wars of the Roses, so in most cases the court, historically, would have met at the Tower of London, although Richmond was favoured by Richard II. Windsor was a day's journey from London, and several events dramatized by Shakespeare happened at Westminster.[321][322][323][r]
The Forest of Arden is the setting of the whole play As You Like It, other than the court scenes and those set at Oliver's house. Since the play is set in France it may represent the Ardennes Forest, or equally for its original audiences, the Forest of Arden in Warwickshire, England, Shakespeare's home county.[351][94][95]
French Court: Similarly to the English court, Shakespeare sometimes places scenes in the French court, without giving its location.[u]
Gad's Hill, now part of Higham, near Rochester, in Kent, England, is the setting of a robbery committed by Falstaff and his followers, and then of another robbery committed upon them by Poins and Hal, in Henry IV, Part 1.[357][358][359][360][361]
Ilium, the royal palace of Troy in present-day Turkey, is the setting of most scenes set within Troy's walls in Troilus and Cressida: Ilium, Ilion or Ilyion are also alternative names for the city of Troy, named after its founder Ilus.[373]
Pompey's Galley is the setting of the central "What manner o'thing is your crocodile?"[386] scene of Antony and Cleopatra.[387][388] The prior scene on land (act 2 scene 6) is not given a location in the text. In Shakespeare's sources it occurs "by the mount of Misena", which is in the vicinity of Naples in modern-day Italy.[389][390]
Swinstead Abbey is an abbey in Lincolnshire, England, whose orchard is the setting of the death agonies of King John, supported by his Barons, in King John. In history, it is Swineshead Abbey that King John visited, and the confusion of Swinstead and Swineshead was common in the late-sixteenth century.[393][394]
The Tower of London is the setting of two scenes in Henry VI, Part 3. In the first, Henry is freed from captivity to join his new allies, Warwick and Clarence.[401][402] In the other, the recaptured Henry is murdered in his cell by Richard.[403][404][172]
York Place in London, England, is renamed Whitehall during the course of the action of Henry VIII ("Sir, you must no more call it York Place ... 'tis now the King's, and called Whitehall.").[413] According to Shakespeare and Fletcher's source Holinshead, York Place was the venue of the feast dramatized in the first act, at which, unhistorically, the king first meets Anne Bullen.[414][377][415]
Settings by scene
Michael Hattaway says "1 Henry VI was written for and, in my opinion, demands to be acted upon a stage which makes no attempt to create scenic illusion."[416]
References
Notes
↑ Throughout this page "Shakespeare" is used as a shorthand for "the author(s) of the play(s)" even though many plays listed are colloborations. See William Shakespeare's collaborations.
↑ Historically, the funeral of Henry V, which forms part of the action of the opening scene of Henry VI, Part 1, happened at Westminster Abbey, although the events recounted in the scene actually happened over a number of years.[332][333][334][335]
↑ The peace negotiations and proposals for Henry's marriage to the daughter of the Earl of Armangac, and later to Margaret, happened historically at Arras and Tours (both in France) some nine years apart.[337]
↑ In history, the "palace" referred to at 4.10.1 is that of the Bishop of London.[343]
↑ In this case the scene numbers are taken from the Oxford Complete Works 2nd Edition (which is the source for all references to Shakespeare's works on this page). In Cox & Rasmussen 2001, act 4 scene 5 is scene 4, and scenes 9 & 10 are one scene numbered 8.
↑ The events of the closing scene of Henry VIII, which dramatizes the christening of Elizabeth I, probably happened historically at Greenwich Palace.[346]
↑ Scenes which are not otherwise listed on this page, because they happen at the English court without Shakespeare's text specifying its location, include: King John: Act 1 scene 1, act 4 scene 2 and act 5 scene 1;[324] Richard II: Act 1 scenes 1[h] & 4, act 2 scene 2, act 4 scene 1,[i] and act 5 scenes 3, 4 & 6;[328][329] Henry IV Part 1: Act 1 scene 1, act 1 scene 3, and act 3 scene 2;[330] Henry V: Act 1 scenes 1 & 2;[331] Henry VI Part 1: Act 1 scene 1,[j] act 3 scene 1, and act 5 scenes 1 & 4;[336][k] Henry VI Part 2: Act 1 scenes 1 & 3, and act 4 scene 4;[338] Henry VI Part 3: Act 1 scene 1,[l] act 3 scene 2,[m] act 4, scenes 1, 5,[n] 9 & 10,[o][p] and act 5 scene 7;[344][342] Richard III: Act 1 scenes 1 & 3, act 2 scenes 1, 2 & 4, act 4 scenes 2, 3 & 4;[345] Henry VIII: Act 1 scenes 1, 2 & 3, act 2 scenes 2 & 3, act 3 scene 2, and act 5 scenes 1, 2, 3 and 4.[q][347]
↑ Act 3 scene 4 is unhistorical.[352] Act 3 scene 5 contains the line "Prince Dauphin, you shall stay with us in Rouen"[353] which is also the location of the scene according to Holinshed.[354]
↑ Scenes which are not otherwise listed on this page, because they happen at the French court without Shakespeare's text specifying its location, include: Henry V: Act 2 scene 4, act 3 scenes 4 & 5;[s] and act 5 scene 2;[355][t] Henry VI Part 3: Act 3 scene 3.[356]
Footnotes
References to works by Shakespeare are to The Oxford Shakespeare: The Complete Works Second Edition (i.e. Jowett, Montgomery, Taylor & Wells 2005). Under its numbering system Hamlet 3.1.58 means act 3, scene 1, line 58. In plays which it presents without act divisions, such as Pericles, 1.17 means scene 1 line 17. In the case of King Lear, which the Oxford Complete Works presents in two separate versions, references are to "The Tragedy of King Lear" (the folio version) at pp.1153-1184. In Henry V, 0 in place of a scene number means the chorus to that act. "SD" references a stage direction. An "n" after a page number indicates a note on that page rather than its body text.
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Bate, Jonathan (2018). Titus Andronicus - Revised Edition. The Arden Shakespeare Third Series. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN978-135003-091-6.
Berry, Ralph (2016). Shakespeare's Settings and a Sense of Place. University of Wales Press. ISBN978-1-78316-808-8.
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Thompson, Ayanna; Honigmann, E. A. J. (2016). Othello - Revised Edition. The Arden Shakespeare Third Series. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN978-1-4725-7176-2.
Ure, Peter (1961). King Richard II. The Arden Shakespeare - Second Series (5thed.). Routledge. ISBN0-415-00882-4.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Vaughan, Virginia Mason; Vaughan, Alden T. (2011). The Tempest - Revised Edition. The Arden Shakespeare Third Series. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN978-1-4081-3347-7.
Wayne, Valerie (2017). Cymbeline. The Arden Shakespeare Third Series. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN978-1-9042-7130-7.
Wilders, John (1995). Antony and Cleopatra. The Arden Shakespeare Third Series. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN978-1-904271-01-7.
Wells, Stanley; Orlin, Lena Cowen, eds. (2003). Shakespeare: An Oxford Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-924522-3.
Whitfield, Peter (2015). Mapping Shakespeare's World. The Bodleian Library. ISBN978-1-85124-257-3.
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