Places mentioned in Shakespeare's[a] text are not listed unless he explicitly set at least one scene there, even where that place is important to the plot such as Syracuse in The Comedy of Errors or Milan in The Tempest. Similarly, the place where an historical or mythical event depicted by Shakespeare is supposed to have happened is not listed unless Shakespeare mentions the setting in the play's text, although these places are sometimes mentioned in the text or footnotes. For example, most editors place act 3 scene 2 of Julius Caesar ("Friends, Romans, countrymen...")[1] at "the Forum"[b] but there is no listing for the Forum on this page because Shakespeare's text does not specify it.
Alexandria in Egypt is the setting of the greatest number of scenes in Antony and Cleopatra. Also a number of scenes are set outside its walls, and in the camp of the Romans attacking it.[9][10][11][8]
Angiers (Angers in France) and the camps and battlefields in its vicinity, especially the pavilion of the French king, are the settings of the second and third acts of King John.[12][13][14]
Antioch in modern-day Turkey - but in the play referred to as located in Syria - is the setting of the opening scene, with its incest sub-plot, in Pericles.[15][16][17]
Antium in present-day Italy is the Volscian city to which the banished Coriolanus travels to forge an alliance with Aufidius, in Coriolanus, and is the setting of the play's climax.[18][19][c]
Belmont is a fictional estate some twenty miles from Venice, Italy: the home of Portia and her household, and the setting of the "casket" scenes, and of the play's conclusion, in The Merchant of Venice.[35][36][37][38]
ForBerwicksee the "England" entry for Henry VI, Part 3.
Bohemia, the landlocked modern-day Czechia, is, in The Winter's Tale, a coastal kingdom of which Polixenes is the king. It is the setting of the end of Act 3 and the whole of the long act 4.[39][40][41]
Bordeaux in France is the setting of the defeat of Talbot, and of the deaths of him and his son John, in Henry VI, Part 1.[42][43][44] In two related parallel scenes without specific locations, York and his army, then Somerset and his army, fail to send reinforcements to Talbot.[d]
Britain in the Roman era is the primary setting of Cymbeline. Shakespeare does not locate King Cymbeline's court any more precisely.[48][49][50]
Britain in the pre-Christian era is the only setting of King Lear. In the world of the play the only location specified is Dover. The other significant settings (the homes of Lear, of Goneril and Albany, and of Gloucester, and the various outdoor settings) are not identified any more specifically.[51][52]
ForBury St Edmundssee "St Edmundsbury".
C
Corioli (typically spelled Corioles in the First Folio) in modern-day Italy, although its precise location is unknown - and the battlefield and the trenches of the Romans attacking it - are the settings of the scenes in which Caius Martius earns the honorary name "Coriolanus", in Coriolanus.[53][54][55][56]
Dover in England and various places in its vicinity, including the camps of the French and British armies nearby, are settings in the latter half of King Lear.[68][69][52][70]
Elsinore (i.e. Helsingør in Denmark), particularly its castle and its environs, are the only settings of Hamlet. The only scenes outside the castle are one on the Danish coast (act 4 scene 4) where Hamlet sees the Norwegian forces, and one set in a graveyard (act 5 scene 1).[71][72][73][74]
England:
See also "Barnet", "Bosworth", "Coventry", "Dover", "London", "Rochester", "Salisbury", "Shrewsbury", "Southampton", "St Albans", "St Edmundsbury", "Tewkesbury", "Wakefield", "Windsor" and "York", and, under less-specific settings, below, "Castle", and, under more-specific settings below, "Baynard's Castle", "Blackfriars", "Eastcheap", "Ely House", "Forest of Arden", "Gad's Hill", "Garter Inn", "Gaultree Forest", "Gloucestershire", "Herne's Oak" "Kenilworth Castle", "Kimbolton Castle", "Pomfret Castle" "Southwark", "Swinstead Abbey" "Temple Garden", "Tower of London" "Westminster Palace" and "York Place".
The frame story of The Taming of the Shrew (i.e. the two scenes of the "Induction" and a short exchange at the end of act 1 scene 1), in which the drunken tinker Christopher Sly is persuaded he is a lord and is invited to watch a play, has no specified setting, but appears to be in England since Sly claims to be from Burton Heath,[75] Warwickshire, and to know a "fat alewife of Wincot".[76][77]
England, probably at the court of Edward the Confessor, is the setting of a lengthy scene in which Malcolm tests Macduff's loyalty, and then Macduff learns of the murder of his family, in Macbeth.[78][79][80]
England, somewhere near the border by Berwick (which was, at the time the play is set, in Scotland), King Henry visits his former dominions, and is captured by two keepers, in Henry VI, Part 3.[81][82][83]
"England" is the only location given in a stage direction in Henry VI, Part 3, presumably to clarify the location since the scene (act 4 scene 2) includes French soldiers. Neither it nor the following scene, in which Warwick's powers overcome Edward's guards at his tent and take him prisoner, is given any more specific location.[84][85]
Ephesus, in modern-day Turkey, is the scene of Thaisa's rescue by Cerimon, and later of Thaisa's reconciliation with Pericles at Diana's temple, in Pericles.[89][16][90]
Florence, in modern-day Italy but in the play an independent state governed by a duke, is the place to which Bertram runs away to take part in the Tuscan Wars, in All's Well That Ends Well, and is the setting of the gulling of Paroles, and of the bed-trick played upon Bertram by Helen and Diana.[93][94][95]
See also "Angiers", "Bordeaux", "Harfleur", "Marseille", "Orleans", "Paris", "Rouen", "Roussillon" and, under less-specific settings, below, "Battlefield" and "Castle", and, under more-specific settings below, "Agincourt", "Auvergne", "Forest of Arden" and "French Court".
France is the location of As You Like It. The location of the scenes in Duke Frederick's court, and at Oliver's house, are not specified any more accurately.[98][99][100][101]
France is the location of most of the last four acts of Henry V. Some scenes are not located more specifically, but occur on the march between Harfleur and Calais.[102][103][104]
G
ForGreecesee "Actium", "Athens", "Mytilene", "Philippi" and "Thebes".
Inverness in Scotland is the location of Macbeth's castle prior to his becoming king, and is the setting of the events surrounding the murder of Duncan, in Macbeth.[109][110]
See also "Baynard's Castle", "Blackfriars", "Eastcheap", "Ely House", "Southwark", "Temple Garden", "Tower of London", "Westminster Palace" and "York Place" under more-specific settings below, and "Road" under less-specific settings below.
London and Kent provide a series of settings for the rebellion of Jack Cade and its aftermath, dramatized in Henry VI, Part 2. Among the locations speculated by editors from clues in the text or from historical sources, but not explicitly stated by Shakespeare, are Blackheath, Sevenoaks, Cannon Street and Smithfield. The home of Alexander Iden, who captures and kills Jack Cade, has been placed in the counties of Sussex or Kent. [e][112]See also "Tower of London" and "Southwark" under more-specific settings below.
M
Mantua in present-day Italy is the city to which Romeo flees when exiled in Romeo and Juliet, where he hears of Juliet's supposed death and purchases the poison which will eventually kill him.[113][114][115]
Milford Haven in Wales, and the area surrounding it, are the settings of most of the second half of Cymbeline, including the cave of Belarius, the site of the battle between Rome and Britain, and the denouement at Cymbeline's camp.[124][125]
Mytilene on Lesbos in modern-day Greece is the location of the brothel to which Marina is sold, and is the setting (together with Pericles' ship, while moored there) of much of the last two acts of Pericles.[126][127][128]
Pentapolis in modern-day Libya is the setting of the middle-part of Pericles, where the title character is shipwrecked, and meets his wife Thaisa.[148][149][150]
"Rome, dominated by men, appears as a daylight world of conquest, rationality, and self-sacrifice. Eqypt, dominated by women, appears as a night-time world of love, fantasy and self-indulgence."
Rome in modern-day Italy, and later in the play the camp of the Volscian army threatening it, are the primary settings of Coriolanus.[160][161]
Rome in modern-day Italy is the site of the home of Philario, where Posthumus encounters Iachimo and wagers upon Innogen's loyalty, and also the setting of a short scene between two senators and a tribune at the end of act 3, of Cymbeline.[162][163][164][165]
Rome in modern-day Italy, together with a forest outside it, and the camp of the Goths led by Lucius preparing to attack it, are the only settings of Titus Andronicus.[169][170][171]
Rouen in France is captured by Joan and the French, then recaptured by Talbot and the English, in Henry VI, Part 1, and is the site of the Duke of Burgundy's defection to the French side; and later is the scene of Joan's execution at the stake.[172][173][174]
Sardis in present-day Turkey, at Brutus' camp and mainly in his tent, is the setting of most of Act 4 of Julius Caesar, including the conflict between Brutus and Cassius and the first appearance of Caesar's ghost.[181][182]
Scotland:
See also "Fife", "Forres" and "Inverness", and, under more-specific settings below, "Birnam Wood" and "Dunsinane Hill".
Scotland is the setting of most of Macbeth: and the witches' scenes and most outdoor scenes do not have any more specific setting.[183][184][185]
Southampton in England is the setting of Henry's departure for France, and of the exposure of the traitors Cambridge, Scroop and Grey, in Henry V.[192][193][194]
St Edmundsbury (i.e. Bury St Edmunds in England) is the setting of a battle between the forces of King John and the Dauphin in the final act of King John.[199][200]
Tarsus in modern-day Turkey is the place where the child Marina is fostered to Cleon and Dionyza, and the location of the later plot to murder her, in Pericles.[201][16][202]
Thebes in modern-day Greece, but in the play governed by the tyrant Creon, is the setting of our first encounter with Palamon and Arcite, the title characters of The Two Noble Kinsmen.[206][207]
ForTurkeysee "Antioch", "Ephesus", "Sardis", "Tarsus" and "Troy" and, under more-specific settings below, "Ilium".
Tyre in modern-day Lebanon is the home of the title character of Pericles, Prince of Tyre and the setting of several scenes in the first act, before he embarks upon the journey which comprises most of the play's plot.[211][16][212]
Vienna in present-day Austria, although not literally a setting of Hamlet, is the setting of its play-within-a-play The Murder of Gonzago, also known as The Mousetrap.[227][130][228]
Wales is the setting of two related scenes in Richard II. In the first, which is given no more specific location, the Earl of Salisbury is abandoned by the king's Welsh forces.[g] The related scene of King Richard's return from Ireland to discover he has no military support is, in the text, set near "Barkloughly Castle", which means Harlech Castle.[h][234][236][237]
Wales, without being specified more accurately in the text, is the location of Glendower's court, where the rebels - Glendower, Mortimer, Worcester and Hotspur - meet to plan the division of the kingdom, in Henry IV, Part 1.[i][239][238]
York in England is the setting of a stand-off where Edward is, at first, barred the gates by the Mayor, and then of the alliance between Edward and Montgomery, in Henry VI, Part 3.[248][249]
Less-specific settings
Battlefield:
For specific battlefields, see the entry for the place after which the battle is named.
An unnamed battlefield is the setting of a supernatural scene in which Joan communes with fiends, in Henry VI, Part 1, followed by her capture, and then Suffolk captures Margaret. Historically, Joan was captured at Compiègne in France, and Suffolk's capture of Margaret is unhistorical.[250][251]
A castle somewhere in England is the setting of the death of Arthur in King John. There is an internal scene in which Arthur persuades Hubert not to kill him, and an external scene in which Arthur dies in trying to escape, and his body is discovered. Shakespeare gives no indication which castle is intended: speculation has included Northampton, Dover, Canterbury or the Tower of London.[252] Historically, Arthur was not held in England at all, but at Rouen Castle in France.[253][254]
In Henry IV, several scenes (act 2 scene 3 of Part 1, and act 1 scene 1 and act 2 scene 3 of Part 2) are set at the castles which are the homes of Hotspur and Northumberland, without the location being specified other than being described by Rumour as "this worm-eaten hole of ragged stone".[255] Historically in both cases this would have been Warkworth Castle.[256][257]
A forest outside Athens - featuring the mouth of a cave in which Timon is dwelling - is the setting of much of the last two acts of Timon of Athens.[261]
A forest outside Milan is the home of the outlaws of whom Valentine becomes the leader in The Two Gentlemen of Verona, and is the setting of the play's climax.[265][266]
A forest near Rome is the setting of the second act of Titus Andronicus, comprising the murder of Bassianus and the framing of Titus' sons for it, and of the rape and mutilation of Lavinia.[267]
Gaol:
An unspecified gaol is the setting of the (unhistorical) meeting of York with Mortimer in Henry VI, Part 1.[268]
Graveyard:
A graveyard near Elsinore is the setting of the "Alas, poor Yorick"[269] sequence, and of the funeral of Ophelia, in act 5 scene 1 of Hamlet.[270][271][272]
Island:
An unnamed remote island is the setting of the whole of The Tempest except for the opening storm scene at sea.[273][274][275]
Park:
A park, where Edward is out hunting accompanied by his captors, is the setting of the rescue of Edward by Richard and his followers, in Henry VI, Part 3. The only textual hint to its location is that Edward is the prisoner of the Bishop of York. Historically, Edward was held at Middleham Castle, in Yorkshire.[276][277][278][279]
The road to Westminster Abbey, for the coronation of Henry V, is the setting of the climax - with the final rejection of Falstaff - of Henry IV, Part 2.[284]
On a march sometime after the Battle of Wakefield the three sons of York witness the vision of the three suns in the sky, learn the details of their father's death, and meet Warwick who gives them the bad news of the outcome of the second battle of St Albans, in Henry VI, Part 3.[k][l][285]
A street in London is the setting of several scenes in Henry VIII, in which some gentlemen meet to discuss the affairs of the day, and in one case to witness the coronation procession of Anne Bullen.[288]
Ship:
Pericles' ship, on its voyage around the Mediterranean, is the setting of various scenes in Pericles.[289]
A ship threatened by a storm on a voyage from Tunis to Naples is the setting of the opening scene of The Tempest.[290]
More-specific settings
Locations identified as being in or around the home of a specific character are not listed, including where that home is a "castle", "cave" or "cell". Similarly, the "court" of any character who is a ruler is not listed unless Shakespeare gives it a specific location. Also not listed are generic locations such as "abbey", "brothel", "mart", "palace", "prison", "seashore" or "street", nor buildings given fictional names such as "the Porpentine", "the Phoenix" and others in The Comedy of Errors or "the Elephant" in Twelfth Night.
Military camps are not listed separately, and where relevant are mentioned under the name of the city being besieged or the place after which the battle is named.
Many Shakespearean characters are named after places: usually because they are known by their noble title rather than their actual name. This list does not assume that the homes of those characters are in that place unless Shakespeare's text explicitly places them there: even where that was true of the historical person upon whom the character is based. For example, there is no listing on this page for Gloucester in England (although see "Gloucestershire" below) even though there are characters usually described as Gloucester in King Lear, Henry IV (Part 2), Henry V, all three parts of Henry VI, and Richard III, and some scenes are set at their homes.
Agincourt (i.e. Azincourt in France) the site of the Battle of Agincourt, and the camps of the French and English soldiers, are the settings of the main episode of Henry V including Henry's decisive victory.[291][292]
Birnam Wood in Scotland is the rendezvous of the Scottish and English forces opposing Macbeth, in Macbeth. In a short scene set there, Malcolm fulfils the witches' prophecy that "Macbeth shall never vanquished be until great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him"[299] by ordering his soldiers to each cut down a bough from the forest and carry it before them.[300][301][302]
Blackfriars in London, England, is the setting of the trial of Queen Katherine in Henry VIII, and of the subsequent scene (historically at the adjoining Bridewell Palace) in which Katherine and her women commune with Wolsey and Campeius.[303][304][305]
Peter Holland, referring to Shakespeare's plays set in Ancient Rome, says: "Shakespeare appears to have assumed that the Capitol was the seat of the Senate but it was properly, to be pedantic, the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill while the Senate met near the Forum."[308][309]
The Capitol in Rome in present-day Italy is where Coriolanus stands for the role of Consul, in Coriolanus.[310][308]
Eastcheap in London, England, is the location of a tavern frequented by Falstaff, Hal and their companions in Henry IV part 1 and part 2. It is often labelled the "The Boar's Head" after a real inn in Eastcheap, although that name is never used by Shakespeare.[322][323][324][325] The context suggests that the scenes surrounding Falstaff's death in Henry V happen in the same location.[326][327][328]
English Court. Many scenes in the English history plays are set at the English court, without the king's palace being named. The main seats of the court in Shakespeare's time (Greenwich, Hampton Court and Whitehall) had not been built at the time of the Wars of the Roses, so in most cases the court, historically, would have met at the Tower of London, although Richmond was favoured by Richard II. Windsor was a day's journey from London, and several events dramatized by Shakespeare happened at Westminster.[333][334][335][z]
The Forest of Arden is the setting of the whole play As You Like It, other than the court scenes and those set at Oliver's house. Since the play is set in France it may represent the Ardennes Forest, or equally for its original audiences, the Forest of Arden in Warwickshire, England, Shakespeare's home county.[367][99][100][101]
French Court: Similarly to the English court, Shakespeare sometimes places scenes in the French court, without giving its location.[ac]
Gad's Hill, now part of Higham, near Rochester, in Kent, England, is the setting of a robbery committed by Falstaff and his followers, and then of another robbery committed upon them by Poins and Hal, in Henry IV, Part 1.[375][376][377][378][379]
Ilium, the royal palace of Troy in present-day Turkey, is the setting of most scenes set within Troy's walls in Troilus and Cressida: Ilium, Ilion or Ilyion are also alternative names for the city of Troy, named after its founder Ilus.[391]
Pompey's Galley is the setting of the central "What manner o'thing is your crocodile?"[405] scene of Antony and Cleopatra.[406][407] The prior scene on land (act 2 scene 6) is not given a location in the text. In Shakespeare's sources it occurs "by the mount of Misena", which is in the vicinity of Naples in modern-day Italy.[408][409][404]
Swinstead Abbey is an abbey in Lincolnshire, England, whose orchard is the setting of the death agonies of King John, supported by his Barons, in King John. In history, it is Swineshead Abbey that King John visited, and the confusion of Swinstead and Swineshead was common in the late-sixteenth century.[412][413]
The Tower of London is the setting of two scenes in Henry VI, Part 3. In the first, Henry is freed from captivity to join his new allies, Warwick and Clarence.[420][421] In the other, the recaptured Henry is murdered in his cell by Richard.[422][423][180]
York Place in London, England, is renamed Whitehall during the course of the action of Henry VIII ("Sir, you must no more call it York Place ... 'tis now the King's, and called Whitehall.").[432] According to Shakespeare and Fletcher's source Holinshead, York Place was the venue of the feast dramatized in the first act, at which, unhistorically, the king first meets Anne Bullen.[433][395][434][435]
Wars and battles
This table is a chronological list of the historical wars and battles partially dramatized by Shakespeare[a] in the 38 plays covered by this page.
‡ Italics in the "Battle or Siege" column indicate a battle not explicitly dramatized by name, with an explanation of the reason for its inclusion in the footnotes.
The battles in All's Well That Ends Well[ad] and Cymbeline[ae] appear to have no basis in any real indentifiable historical conflicts, and accordingly are not listed in the table.
"Too precise effort on the part of editors to indicate locations misrepresents the practices of Elizabethan stagecraft, which allowed the spoken language to establish place whenever an exact sense is required."
This table lists each scene in the 38 plays covered by this article, and gives its location. Unlike the section "More-specific settings" above, the "specific setting" column does include the homes of particular characters, and generic non-geographical settings such as "market-place". Where the location is not specified in Shakespeare's text, the table will say "Not specified" but, where relevant, its footnote will mention the settings suggested by scholars or by Shakespeare's sources.
The early texts of neither Henry IV, Part 1 nor As You Like It contain any indications of their scenes' locations in their stage directions.[463][464] In the public theatres between 1592 and 1607, continuous flow, rather than act intervals, was the performance practice.[465] Michael Hattaway says "1 Henry VI was written for and, in my opinion, demands to be acted upon a stage which makes no attempt to create scenic illusion."[466]
Plays on Early Modern public stages were not divided into acts and scenes, although they were at the private theatre at Blackfriars.[467] All act and scene divisions in the table are taken from The Oxford Shakespeare - The Complete Works (second edition) but these are not consistent across all modern editions of Shakespeare's plays.[aq]
12Throughout this page "Shakespeare" is used as a shorthand for "the author(s) of the play(s)" even though many plays listed are colloborations. See William Shakespeare's collaborations.
123There has been critical debate about whether the closing scene of Coriolanus is set at Antium, which is its location in Shakespeare's source: North's translation of Plutarch's Parallel Lives. The only lines placing it there, indirectly, are the references to Aufidius' "native town"[565] and to "the Antiates".[566] Other lines may be taken to place the scene at Corioli: Aufidius says "Dost thou think I'll grace thee with that robbery, they stol'n name, 'Coriolanus', in Corioles?". Singer located the scene at Corioli. Peter Holland summarises the debate: "All that really matters to Shakespeare (and to audiences, who never notice a problem) is that it is set in Volscian territory."[567]
12Iden describes himself as "a squire of Kent"[683] and Shakespeare sets the scene at his garden. In Shakespeare's sources the historical story is different: Alexander Iden was a Sheriff actively tracking-down Cade, which he did at Heathfield in Sussex.[684][685]
↑Historically, according to Shakespeare's source Holinshed, these events occurred at Conwy.[234]
↑Historically, on returning from Ireland, Richard instead landed at Milford Haven.[235]
12Shakepeare's source, Holinshed, places the meeting of Glendower and the other rebels at the home of the Archdeacon of Bangor.[238]
123This scene, between a Roman soldier and a Volsce soldier, may occur on the road between Rome and Antium, as suggested by Malone. Rowe set it at Antium.[554]
↑Historically, according to Shakespeare's source (Hall) Edward and Warwick met at Chipping Norton.[285]
123Historically, the apparition of the three suns was supposedly seen at the Battle of Mortimer's Cross, which is not otherwise dramatized by Shakespeare.[286][287]
12Historically the events depicted in the opening scene of Richard II happened at Windsor Castle, where Mowbray was being held.[337][338]
12Historically, the funeral of Henry V, which forms part of the action of the opening scene of Henry VI, Part 1, happened at Westminster Abbey, although the events recounted in the scene actually happened over a number of years.[344][345][346][347]
12Historically, according to Shakespeare's source Hall, the parliament dramatized in act 3 scene 1 of Henry VI, Part 1 did not happen in London at all, but at Leicester.[653][654]
12The peace negotiations and proposals for Henry's marriage to the daughter of the Earl of Armangac, and later to Margaret, happened historically at Arras and Tours (both in France) some nine years apart.[349]
12The opening scene of Henry VI, Part 3 is set at the English Parliament which met at Westminster Palace.[351] The events represented in it telescope a period of some five and a half years of historical time, from May 1455 to October 1460.[352]
12In history, the "palace" referred to at 4.10.1 is that of the Bishop of London.[356]
↑In this case the scene numbers are taken from the Oxford Complete Works 2nd Edition (which is the source for all references to Shakespeare's works on this page). In Cox & Rasmussen 2001, act 4 scene 5 is scene 4, and scenes 9 & 10 are one scene numbered 8.
12The events of the closing scene of Henry VIII, which dramatizes the christening of Elizabeth I, probably happened historically at Greenwich Palace or, more specifically, at Grey Friar Church at Greenwich. Even so most editors follow Theobald in setting the scene at the court.[361][362]
↑Scenes which are not otherwise listed on this page, because they happen at the English court without Shakespeare's text specifying its location, include: King John: Act 1 scene 1, act 4 scene 2 and act 5 scene 1;[336] Richard II: Act 1 scenes 1[m] & 4, act 2 scene 2, act 4 scene 1,[n] and act 5 scenes 3, 4 & 6;[340][341] Henry IV Part 1: Act 1 scene 1, act 1 scene 3, and act 3 scene 2;[342] Henry V: Act 1 scenes 1 & 2;[343] Henry VI Part 1: Act 1 scene 1,[o] act 3 scene 1,[p] and act 5 scenes 1 & 7;[348][q] Henry VI Part 2: Act 1 scenes 1[r] & 3, and act 4 scene 4;[350] Henry VI Part 3: Act 1 scene 1,[s] act 3 scene 2,[t] act 4, scenes 1, 5,[u] 9 & 10,[v][w] and act 5 scene 7;[357][355] Richard III: Act 1 scenes 1 & 3, act 2 scenes 1, 2 & 4, act 4 scenes 2, 3 & 4;[358] Henry VIII: Act 1 scenes 1,[x] 2 & 3, act 2 scenes 2 & 3, act 3 scene 2, and act 5 scenes 1, 2, 3 and 4.[y][363]
12Act 3 scene 4 is unhistorical.[368] Act 3 scene 5 contains the line "Prince Dauphin, you shall stay with us in Rouen"[369] which is also the location of the scene according to Holinshed.[370][371]
12Historically, the peace was settled at Troyes in France, around five years after the Battle of Agincourt.[372][328][373]
↑Scenes which are not otherwise listed on this page, because they happen at the French court without Shakespeare's text specifying its location, include: Henry V: Act 2 scene 4, act 3 scenes 4 & 5;[aa] and act 5 scene 2;[372][ab] Henry VI Part 3: Act 3 scene 3.[374]
↑As always on this page, "Shakespeare" is a shorthand for "the author(s) of the play(s)", some of them being collaborative. In this case John Dover Wilson believed he had detected the hand of Thomas Nashe in the Jack Cade scenes of Henry VI, Part 2.[439]
123In the table, act and scene divisions are taken from "The Oxford Shakespeare: The Complete Works" Second Edition (i.e. Jowett, Montgomery, Taylor & Wells 2005). These do not always accord with the division of acts and scenes in the other sources used on this page.[468]
12Historically, Pacorus was killed by Ventidius's forces at the Battle of Mount Gindarus, also known as the Battle of Cyrrhestica. Shakespeare dramatizes the triumph following this event, but does not refer to its setting, nor to the battle by name.
12The scenes set in Actium, depicting the Battle of Actium, which was a sea battle, take place entirely on shore: showing the preparation, the battle as witnessed by spectators, and its aftermath.[506]
↑Much of King John is based on dramatic rather than historical sources (see sources of King John) but its scenes set at Angiers are based in part on the chronicle history of the 1202 siege of Mirabeau[442]
12Joan's attack on the English forces at Orleans happened in April and May of 1429. The encounter between her and Talbot is unhistorical, as is the English recapture of the city.[641][642]
12The events set at Rouen in Henry VI, Part 1 are almost entirely unhistorical. Rouen itself remained in English hands until 1449, long after the death of Joan in 1431. The scene may have been partly influenced by a story in Robert Fabyan's 1516 The New Chronicles of England and France of the taking of the minor Castle of Cornill.[656]
12The battle scenes which Shakespeare appears to place at Bordeaux, containing the deaths of the Talbots, father and son, actually, according to his sources Holinshed and Hall, happened at Castillon, in the Dordogne.[662][663][664]. The siege of Bordeaux occurred in 1451 and the Talbots' deaths in 1453: both events long after the death of Joan in 1431.[664]
↑The footnotes to the table do not cover differences in the treatment of act and scene divisions generally, but usually do mention those cases where the act and scene divisions are different between the Oxford and another edition used to source information about the play in the table.
↑Although Shakespeare's text does not specify it, historically Pompey's court was located on Sicily in present-day Italy.[402][404]
↑Although the location is not specified by Shakespeare, according to Shakespeare's source (North's translation of Plutarch's Lives) Pompey's Galley was moored near the Mount of Misena, in modern-day Italy.[408][404]
↑This scene occurs at Parthia's border with the Roman Empire. The sources cited suggest several modern nations that might be the location of it.
12345678910Act 4 scene 7 is the only scene treated differently in the Oxford Complete Works (which is the source for act and scene numbers in this table) and John Wilders' Arden edition of Antony and Cleopatra (which is the main source for most other information about the play on this page). In Oxford this is a short separate scene of only three lines long: in Wilders those are the opening lines of the following scene. Accordingly, scenes 7 and 8 in Oxford are scene 7 in Wilders, and scenes 9 to 16 in Oxford, and in this table, are scenes 8 to 15 in Wilders.
↑John Wilders observes that the scene appears to begin on a hill where Antony can witness the sea battle, but to continue inside Alexandria, where Cleopatra joins him.[518]
↑Theobald envisaged the opening scene of The Comedy of Errors taking place in a formal chamber of the Duke's palace. Capell imagined it being in a public place.[528]
↑The Arden edition of The Comedy of Errors places these two scenes "presumably" at the mart.[535]
↑Pope placed the opening scene of Coriolanus on "a street in Rome", and it must be an outdoor public place.[537]
↑For consistency, this table calls the title character "Coriolanus" even in the early scenes before he attains that title
↑In the Oxford Complete Works (which is the source for act and scene numbers in this table) scenes 4 and 5 are separate scenes. In Peter Holland's 3rd series Arden edition (which is the source for most other information about Coriolanus on this page) they are one scene. Accordingly scenes 6 to 11 in Oxford (and in this table) are scenes 5 to 10 in Arden.[541][542]
↑Some editors including Capell place this scene inside Corioli, although it could equally be outside the walls.[543]
↑Pope set this scene at the Volscian camp, but it only needs to be somewhere outside the city.[545]
↑Capell described the setting as "a public place".[546]
12Peter Holland, referring to Shakespeare's plays set in Ancient Rome, says: "Shakespeare appears to have assumed that the Capitol was the seat of the Senate but it was properly, to be pedantic, the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill while the Senate met near the Forum."[308][309]
↑Rowe placed this scene at "A publick street in Rome"[549]
↑Coriolanus' farewell to Rome has been thought to happen at the gates (Pope) or outside the walls (Rowe).[552]
↑This scene must occur in a street or other outdoor public place[553]
↑This scene occurs in an outdoor public place[558]
↑This scene occurs in an outdoor public place[560]
↑Peter Holland says the scene is "effectively continuous with 5.2" although Capell's location of the scene at Coriolanus' tent has been influential upon paintings of the scene, and theatrical staging.[562]
↑This scene occurs in an outdoor public place[563]
↑The very short Scene 5 may be continuous with scene 4. Dyce was the first editor to make the procession of the ladies' returning to Rome a separate scene, and located it "near the gate".[564]
1234567The location of Cymbeline's court, other than being in Britain in the Roman era, is not otherwise specified by Shakespeare. The historical Cymbeline ruled the Catuvellauni tribe, and his seat of government was in Camulodunum which is modern-day Colchester.[569]
1234All scenes in Wales in Cymbeline appear to be in the vicinity of Milford Haven, although there is no scene set specifically in the town.
↑This is an external scene, so set somewhere in the countryside.[575]
↑A public place in Rome. Valerie Wayne argues that this is the only scene of Cymbeline set in ancient Rome: the other Roman scenes in the play being set, anachronistically, in Renaissance Italy.[578]
12345Valerie Wayne's Arden edition of Cymbeline (which is the source of most information about the play in this article) has one scene, act 5 Scene 2, which the Oxford Complete Works (which is the source for all act and scene numbers in this table) presents as three separate scenes: act 5 scenes 2, 3 and 4. Conversely, the Arden has two scenes, act 5 scenes 3 and 4 which the Oxford presents as one: act 5 scene 5. Following those, Arden's scene 5 matches Oxford's scene 6 and is the play's final scene.
↑Valerie Wayne argues that the action is continuous and that these two episodes comprise one scene. The jailer, as was common in early modern warfare, would be holding Posthumus prisoner, shackled, on the field of battle itself.[585]
↑The play-within-a-play The Murder of Gonzago, also known as The Mousetrap, is set in Vienna in present-day Austria.[594][130][228]
↑A "closet" (as distinct from a "chamber") signifies a private living room, not a bedroom.[596]
↑The action of act 4 scene 1 of Hamlet appears continuous with act 3 scene 4, and has led scholars to doubt whether they should be designated as separate scenes: although Claudius' reference to "his mother's closet"[598] suggests that the action may no longer be set there.[597]
↑This scene may take place at the palace or at Horatio's lodgings.[602]
↑Editors have placed this scene at a tavern, at the prince's home, or at the royal palace.[605]
↑Some editors have located act 1 scene 3 of Henry IV, Part 1 at Windsor, on the evidence of 1.1.102-3: "On Wednesday next our council we will hold at Windsor."[606]
1234The Oxford Complete Works (which is the source for act and scene divisions in this table) divides the Gad's Hill episode into two scenes (act 2 scenes 2 and 3) while the Arden edition (which is the source for most other information about the play) treats it as one (scene 2). Accordingly scenes 4 and 5 in Oxford, and in this table, are scenes 3 and 4 in the Arden.
↑Gad's Hill - a notorious spot for highway robbery at the time the play is set, is now part of Higham, in Kent, England. [377][379]
1234567The Tavern scenes in Eastcheap are often said to occur at The Boar's Head, after a real tavern which used to be situated there. However that name is never used by Shakespeare.[607]
↑Although Shakespeare gives no location for this court scene, his source, Holinshed, places it at Westminster.[608]
↑There is no historical basis for the scene of a meeting between the Archbishop of York and Sir Michael, who has not been identified with any historical figure. The scene may be set at the palace of the Archbishop of York.[612]
↑The scene is a public street in Eastcheap, where Mistress Quickly's tavern is located.[621]
↑This scene has no location. It must be private enough for Hal and Poins to have a private conversation yet public enough to spot the approach of Bardolph. Editors have often set it at the Prince's lodgings in London.[622][623]
123No particular town or city is specified for the scenes in Gloucestershire in Henry IV, Part 2[628]
↑The final scene of Henry IV, Part 2 is unhistorical, and is set in the street where the coronation procession of Henry V passes by.[284]
12Gary Taylor comments that act 2 scenes 1 and 3 of Henry V "are often called the Eastcheap scenes, from the location of the tavern in 1 Henry IV: in fact both seem to be unlocalized street scenes."
↑Henry's army is on the march from Harfleur towards Calais. The bridge which is referred to often in this scene, but is not the setting of it, was, historically, across the river Ternoise at Blangy.[103]
↑This scene occurs in France in the aftermath of the battle at Agincourt.[636]
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425The scene numbers in the Oxford Complete Works (the source for all act and scene numbers in this table) do not match closely with Edward Burns' Arden edition of Henry VI, Part 1 (the source for most other information about the play in this table). They correlate as follows (Arden in bold, Oxford and this table in plain text): Act 1: Scene 1: Scene 1 Scene 2 lines 1-21: Scene 2 Scene 2 lines 22-150: scene 3 Scene 3: Scene 4 Scene 4 lines 1-21: Scene 5 Scene 4 lines 22-110: Scene 6 Scene 5 lines 1-39: Scene 7 Scene 5 lines 40-70: Scene 8 Act 2 has no discrepancies Act 3: Scene 1: Scene 1 Scene 2 lines 1-16: Scene 2 Scene 2 lines 17-34: Scene 3 Scene 2 lines 35-39: Scene 4 Scene 2 lines 40-112: Scene 5 Scene 2 lines 113-135: Scene 6 Scene 3: Scene 7 Scene 4: Scene 8 Act 4: Scene 1: Scene 1 Scene 2: Scene 2 Scene 3 lines 1-53: Scene 3 Scene 3 lines 54-99: Scene 4 Scene 4 lines 1-55: Scene 5 Scene 4 lines 56-112: Scene 6 Scene 4 lines 113-208: Scene 7 Act 5: Scene 1: Scene 1 Scene 2 lines 1-21: Scene 2 Scene 2 lines 22-50: Scene 3 Scene 2 lines 51-65: Scene 4 Scene 2 lines 66-216: Scene 5 Scene 3: Scene 6 Scene 4: Scene 7
↑In the Orleans scenes of Henry VI, Part 1 the staging envisaged by the authors seems to have been that the theatre's tiring house represents the walls of the town, with the space above representing the top of the wall and its turrets, and the main stage representing the area outside the gates, where most of the fighting occurs.[640]
↑The parts of this scene between the gunner and his boy must either be staged with a gun, or else a gun is to be imagined just offstage. The conversation between Salisbury and Talbot happens at the top of a turret.[643][644]
12No particular town or city in Auvergne is specified for this scene, which is wholly unhistorical[649]
↑Edward Burns mentions the conflation of a third historical figure, also, Mortimer who is a character in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1[650]
↑The scene between the Duke of York and his goaled uncle Edmund Mortimer is unhistorical. To an extent the "Edmund Mortimer" in this scene is a conflation of the historical persons Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, and his cousin Sir John Mortimer[de]. John died imprisoned at the Tower of London, which may be the setting imagined for this scene.[651][652]
↑Like the equivalent scenes set at Orleans earlier in the play, the authors appear to have in mind the tiring house representing the walls of Rouen, "above" representing the top of the city walls, and the main stage representing the area outside the city.
↑This scene - in which Joan persuades the Duke of Burgundy to change sides - is unhistoric, and is given no location. In history, Burgundy's change of sides happened four years after Joan's death.[657][658]
↑The second of these two scenes set in Paris is not given any more specific location in the text, but contains the coronation of Henry VI, which in history happened at Notre Dame.[143][659]
↑The scenes dramatizing the failure of York and of Somerset to support Talbot's army, each blaming the other for it, are unhistorical and are given no particular location.[661]
12Shakespeare gives no location to the scenes surrounding the capture and death of Joan, which in history happened respectively at Compiègne and at Rouen; nor to the capture of Margaret by Suffolk, which is unhistorical.[665][666]
↑Neither Shakespeare's text, nor either of his sources Hall and Holinshed, give an indication of the location of this scene, although most editors since Edward Capell have placed it at Gloucester's house or its garden.[670]
↑This scene has no more specific setting than St Albans: but is an external scene involving hawking.
↑This scene has been placed in various places by editors, and there is no single setting that would be correct historically. It contains the trial of Eleanor Cobham and her confederates, which historically happened in separate places: Eleanor at St Stephen's Chapel and the others at the Guildhall. Also the second half of the scene - the conflict between Peter and Horner - occurred at Smithfield.[673]
↑Although the location is not mentioned in Shakespeare's text, the parliament dramatized in act 3 scene 1 of Henry VI, Part 2 happened at the Abbey at Bury St Edmunds, where Cardinal Beaufort's home was, also.[675][676]
123In the Oxford complete works (which is the source for act and scene numbers in this table) Henry VI, Part 2 has one scene, act 4 scene 7, where Ronald Knowles' Arden edition (the source of most other information about the play in this table) has two scenes numbered 7 and 8. Accordingly scenes 8 and 9 in the Oxford, and this table, are 9 and 10 in the Arden.
↑The Oxford complete works (and therefore this table) shows this as one scene but other editions divide it into two with different locations: the first at Smithfield, the other in Southwark.[682]
↑Act 5 scene 1 of Henry VI, Part 2 is, according to Edmond Malone, set somewhere on the route between Dartford and Blackheath.[686] Much of the action is unhistorical or is telescoped, but it does, at least in part, represent the historical encounter between York and Henry at Blackheath in March 1452.[687]
1234From the end of act 5 scene 1 of Henry VI, Part 2, the Oxford Complete Works (which is the source for act and scene numbers in this table) presents the text in a different order from Ronald Knowles' Arden edition (which is the source for most other information about the play). They align as follows, in the order of the Oxford, with the Oxford (and therefore this table) in bold text and the Arden in plain text: Scene 2: scene 2 lines 66-71 Scene 3: scene 2 lines 1-65 Scene 4: scene 2 lines 72-90 Scene 5 lines 5-38: scene 3
↑Act 3 scene 1 of Henry VI, Part 3 is set in the countryside of England, where Henry has come, alone, to visit his former territories from Berwick[694] which, at the time in which the play is set, was in Scotland.[83] The scene is unhistorical, and in history the disguised king was recognised and captured while dining at Waddington Hall in Ribblesdale.[695]
↑Act 3 scene 3 of Henry VI, Part 3 telescopes events which actually occurred in the years 1461 to 1470. No specific location for the French court is given in the text.[374][696]
↑The location of the scene is not specified other than the stage direction indicating it is "in England"<[697] and cannot be located by reference to the historical record since it telescopes several events of 1469 to 1470.[698]
12345678The Oxford Complete Works, which is the source for all act an scene numbers in this table, has two scenes - act 4 scenes 3 and 4 - which Cox and Rasmussen's Arden edition, the source for most other information about the play in this table, presents as one, numbered 3. Similarly, at the end of the same act the Oxford has two scenes, numbered 9 and 10, where the Arden has one, numbered 8. It follows that scenes 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the Oxford are numbered 4, 5, 6 and 7 in the Arden.
↑These scenes are set at public places in Rome: Daniell has scene 1 "a street" (following Theobald), scene 2 " a public place" (following Capell) and scene 3 "a street" (also following Capell).[710]
↑David Daniell, whose Arden edition of Julius Caesar is the source for most information about the play in this table, has two scenes, act 4 scenes 2 and 3, where the Oxford Complete Works, the source of all act and scene numbers in the table, has just one, act 4 scene 2. The division comes after 4.2.52 (following Pope) dividing the scene into a sequence outside Brutus' tent followed by a sequence inside it.[717]
12The Oxford Complete Works (which is the source for all act and scene numbers in this table) has two scenes - act 2 scene 2 and act 3 scene 1 - which Lander and Tobin's Arden edition (the source for most other information about King John in this table) presents as one scene, act 3 scene 1. The break is after line 74. These editions come back into line with one another from act 3 scene 2 onwards to the end of the play.
12The location of this castle is not specified other than being in England. See "Castle" under less-specific settings above.
↑In the case of King Lear, there are two versions of the play in The Oxford Shakespeare second edition. The act and scene divisions in this article are taken from "The Tragedy of King Lear: The Folio Text (1610)" at Jowett et. al. (2005) pp. 1153-1184.
↑In the Oxford Shakespeare Complete Works (2nd edition), which is the source for all act and scene numbers in the table, there are no act divisions for Pericles. This does not accord with Suzanne Gossett's Arden Shakespeare (third series) edition, which is the source for most information about Pericles on this page, and which does have act divisions. The two correlate as follows (Arden in bold, Oxford in plain text): Act 1 Chorus: Scene 1 Lines 1-42 Act 1 Scene 1: Scene 1 Lines 43-213 Act 1 Scene 2: Scene 2 Act 1 Scene 3: Scene 3 Act 1 Scene 4: Scene 4 Act 2 Chorus: Scene 5 Lines 1-40 Act 2 Scene 1: Scene 5 Lines 41-209 Act 2 Scene 2: Scene 6 Act 2 Scene 3: Scene 7 Act 2 Scene 4: Scene 8 (Not included): Scene 8a Act 2 Scene 5: Scene 9 Act 3 Chorus: Scene 10 Act 3 Scene 1: Scene 11 Act 3 Scene 2: Scene 12 Act 3 Scene 3: Scene 13 Act 3 Scene 4: Scene 14 Act 4 Chorus: Scene 15 Lines 1-52 Act 4 Scene 1: Scene 15 Lines 53-151 Act 4 Scene 2: Scene 16 Act 4 Scene 3: Scene 17 Act 4 Scene 4 (Chorus): Scene 18 Act 4 Scene 5: Scene 19 Act 5 Chorus: Scene 20 Act 5 Scene 1: Scene 21 Act 5 Scene 2 (Chorus): Scene 22 Lines 1-20 Act 5 Scene 3: Scene 22 Lines 21-107 Epilogue: Scene 22 Lines 108-125.[731][732]
Footnotes
References to works by Shakespeare are to The Oxford Shakespeare: The Complete Works Second Edition (i.e. Jowett, Montgomery, Taylor & Wells 2005). Under its numbering system Hamlet 3.1.58 means act 3, scene 1, line 58. In plays which it presents without act divisions, such as Pericles, 1.17 means scene 1 line 17. In the case of King Lear, which the Oxford Complete Works presents in two separate versions, references are to "The Tragedy of King Lear" (the folio version) at pp.1153-1184. In Henry V, 0 in place of a scene number means the chorus to that act. "SD" references a stage direction. An "n" after a page number indicates a note on that page rather than its body text.
↑Jowett et al. 2005, pp.1059–1086. sfn error: no target: CITEREFJowettMontgomeryTaylorWelles2005 (help)
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