List of assassinated American politicians

Last updated

Assassinations carried out against American politicians occurred as early as the 19th century, the earliest of which is believed to have been carried out against David Ramsay in 1815. Since then, several American politicians have been assassinated while being elected or appointed to office, or were candidates for public office. Out of these, four were president of the United States, the earliest of which being Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and the most recent being John F. Kennedy in 1963. [1]

Contents

List

There are 61 assassinated American politicians listed. The most common method of homicide was with one or more gunshots.

PoliticianPortraitPartyYearOfficeStateSiteMethodAssassinSuspected motiveRef
Charles C. P. Arndt Charles C. P. Arndt.png Whig 1842Council of the Wisconsin territory Wisconsin Territory Madison, Wisconsin gunshot James Russell Vineyard Killed after an argument arising after saying Vineyard wasn’t telling the truth [2]
Charles Bent CharlesBent-cropped.jpg Nonpartisan1847 Governor New Mexico Territory Taos, New Mexico (at home)arrows and scalping Tomás Romero; Pablo Montoya Targeted during Taos Revolt, a popular uprising against newly asserted US authority over the region after the Mexican–American War.
Tommy Burks Democratic 1998 State Senator Tennessee Cumberland County, Tennessee (at home)gunshot Byron Looper (the incumbent Putnam County Assessor)Killed by political opponent in 1998 State Senate race [3]
Charles Caldwell Charles Caldwell.png Republican1875State Senator and Militia Leader (Clinton Riot) Mississippi Clinton, Mississippi gunshotUnknown people in a white mobAssassinated by a white mob in Clinton, Mississippi [4]
Louis Cardis Blank.gif Democratic1877 State Representative Texas El Paso, Texas gunshotCharles HowardKilled as part of the San Elizario Salt War, a dispute over salt mining claims between white and Hispanic settlers [5]
Anton Cermak Anton Cermak cph.3b27410.jpg Democratic1933 Mayor of Chicago Illinois Miami, Florida (in motorcade)gunshot to lung Giuseppe Zangara Disputed; suspected of striking Cermak instead of intended target President-elect Franklin Roosevelt [6]
José Francisco Chaves JosFChaves.jpg Republican 1904Superintendent of Public Instruction (former congressman and territory politician)New Mexico territoryPinoswells, New Mexicogunshots (through the window of his home)unknown assailantUnknown [7]
John M. Clayton John M. Clayton of Arkansas.jpg Republican1889US Representative-elect Arkansas Plumerville, Arkansas gunshots (through the window of his home)unknown assailantUnknown, but killed in the context of a disputed election [8]
Linda Collins Republican2019 State Senator Arkansas Pocahontas, Arkansas (outside her home)stabbedRebecca Lynn O’DonnellKilled during an argument over money theft. [9]
Richard J. Daronco Blank.gif 1988Judge, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York New York Pelham, New York (at home)gunshotCharles KosterAssailant was the father of a plaintiff whose harassment suit was dismissed by Daronco. [10]
James E. Davis Blank.gif Democratic2003 Councilman, New York City New York New York City (at City Hall)gunshots Othniel Askew Killed by prospective challenger for 2003 Council special election [11]
Henry Denhardt HenryDenhardt.jpg Democratic1937 Lieutenant Governor (former) Kentucky Shelbyville, Kentucky (outside the Armstrong Hotel)gunshotsE.S. Garr; Roy GarrKilled by brothers of his late fiancée whom he was charged with murdering [12]
Louis F. Edwards Blank.gif Democratic1939Mayor, Long BeachNew York Long Beach, New York (outside his home)gunshotAlvin DooleyEdwards' political influence thwarted Dooley's re-election to post in a police union. [13]
John Milton Elliott John Milton Elliott statue.jpg Democratic1879Judge, Court of Appeals Kentucky Frankfort, Kentucky (after conversation on a public street)gunshotsThomas Buford (Henry County District Judge)Assailant was brother of a plaintiff who lost a farm after Elliott dismissed motion for stay of foreclosure [14]
James A. Garfield James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg Republican1881 (details) President of the United States Washington, D.C. (at railway station)gunshot to spine (died three months later) Charles J. Guiteau Targeted after assailant was rejected by Republican officials for a patronage appointment [15]
William Goebel William Goebel circa 1889.jpg Democratic1900 Governor KentuckyFrankfort, Kentucky (outside Old State Capitol)gunshot to the chestUnknown political opponentsUncertain, but killed in the context of the disputed, fraudulent 1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election. [16]
Bill Gwatney Democratic2008Chairman of the Democratic Party of Arkansas Arkansas Little Rock, Arkansas (at his office at party headquarters)gunshotsTim JohnsonUnknown; multiple theories proposed. [17]
Carter Harrison, Sr. CarterHarrison1890 (a).JPG Democratic1893Mayor of ChicagoIllinois Chicago, Illinois (at home)gunshot Patrick Eugene Prendergast Assailant was rejected for appointment to a patronage post as corporation counsel. [18]
Thomas Haughey Hon. Thomas Haughey, Ala. Surgeon, U.S. Army (4266906704).jpg Republican1869US Representative (former) Alabama Courtland, Alabama (at a political rally)gunshotCollins (first name unknown)Assailant was a supporter of the target's rival for the Republican nomination for the Congressional race; both men exchanged verbal insults and engaged in fisticuffs before a weapon was brandished [19]
Thomas C. Hindman Hindman, Thomas Carmichael, 1828-1868-full.jpg Democratic1868US Representative (former)Arkansas Helena, Arkansas (at home)gunshots through windowUnknown assailantsUnknown; multiple theories proposed. [20]
James M. Hinds James M. Hinds (cropped).jpg Republican1868US RepresentativeArkansas Monroe County, Arkansas (on horseback)gunshotGeorge ClarkKilled by a Ku Klux Klan member as intimidation of Republican carpetbaggers [21]
Edward Dexter Holbrook Edward Dexter Holbrook (Idaho Congressman).png Democratic1870Delegate to the US House of Representatives (former) Idaho Territory Idaho City, Idaho (outside the County Courthouse)gunshotCharles DouglasKilled by the brother-in-law of James Crutcher, as a result of a dispute between Holbrook and Crutcher for control of the Boise County Democratic Party [22]
Elisha G. Johnson Elisha Graham Johnson, Florida Senator.jpg Republican1875State senatorFloridaNear Lake City, Florida or Fernandina, Florida gunshotUnknownBreak 12–12 tie in Florida Senate.
Hale Johnson Hale Johnson (1847-1902) (10506934603) (1).jpg Prohibition1902Mayor of Newton, Illinois, Presidential candidate Illinois Bogota, Illinois gunshotHarry HarrisKilled while attempting to collect a debt owed to him by Harris [23]
Leon Jordan Blank.gif Democratic1970 State Representative Missouri Kansas City, Missouri (outside a restaurant)gunshotsUnknownUnknown, alleged to have been an organized crime contract killing [24]
John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg Democratic1963 (details)President of the United States Dallas, Texas (in motorcade)gunshots from sniper Lee Harvey Oswald Disputed [25]
Robert F. Kennedy Robert F. Kennedy (5279088595).jpg Democratic1968 (details) US Senator and a leading 1968 Democratic presidential candidate New York Los Angeles, California (at the Ambassador Hotel)gunshot Sirhan Sirhan Targeted as supporter of Israel in the Arab–Israeli conflict. [26]
George LeBreton Blank.gif 1844 (details) Secretary of State Oregon Oregon City, Oregon (in his office)gunshotsCockstockKilled by a native as part of Native American resistance to white settlement in the area [27]
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln head on shoulders photo portrait.jpg Republican1865 (details)President of the United StatesWashington, DC. (Ford's Theatre)gunshot John Wilkes Booth , a renowned stage actorAssailant was a Confederate sympathizer who believed the war was still ongoing [28]
Russell G. Lloyd, Sr. Blank.gif Republican1980Mayor of Evansville (former)Indiana Evansville, Indiana gunshotJulia van OrdenAssailant was mentally ill and believed she was being harassed by the city; she believed Lloyd was incumbent mayor [29]
Huey Long HueyPLongGesture (cropped).jpg Democratic1935 (details) US Senator and a potential 1936 U.S. presidential candidate Louisiana Baton Rouge, Louisiana (inside the State Capitol)gunshots Carl Weiss Uncertain, but Weiss was affiliated with a political family that opposed Long's machine [30]
Allard K. Lowenstein Allard K. Lowenstein.jpg Democratic1980US Representative (former)New YorkNew York City (in his office)gunshots Dennis Sweeney Assailant had a history of mental illness and believed that Lowenstein had been plotting against him since their acquaintance at Stanford University [31]
Edwin Stanton McCook Edwin Stanton McCook photograph.JPG Republican1873 Governor Dakota Territory Yankton, Dakota Territory (at a saloon used for a public meeting)gunshotPeter WintermuteAssailant had lost a fistfight with McCook over financing the Dakota Southern Railroad; he returned with a pistol, publicly humiliated by his loss [32]
William McKinley William McKinley by Courtney Art Studio, 1896.jpg Republican1901 (details)President of the United States Buffalo, New York (at Pan-American Exposition)gunshot Leon Czolgosz Assailant was aligned with anarchist movement and killed President as symbol of American inequality [33]
Mike McLelland Blank.gif Republican2013District Attorney for Kaufman County Texas Forney, Texas (at home)gunshot Eric Williams Killed by former justice of the peace who was convicted of burglary while in office [34]
Harvey Milk Harvey Milk in 1978 at Mayor Moscone's Desk crop.jpg Democratic1978 (details) City Supervisor (Councilman) San Francisco California San Francisco, California (in his City Hall office)gunshots Dan White, outgoing San Francisco City SupervisorAssailant had recently resigned from office due to financial setbacks; he changed his mind and sought reappointment; Moscone denied this request upon the advice of Milk [35]
George Moscone George Moscone in Columbus Day(%3F) Parade (7021533419) (cropped).jpg Democratic1978 (details) Mayor of San Francisco CaliforniaSan Francisco, California (in his City Hall office)gunshots [35]
Albert Patterson Albert Patterson of Alabama.jpg Democratic1954 Attorney General-electAlabama Phenix City, Alabama (walking to his vehicle)gunshotsUnknownTarget was elected on promise to crack down on organized crime in the state, which was rooted in Phenix City [36]
John Patterson 1974United States Vice ConsulMexico Hermosillo, Mexico blows to the head Bobby Joe Keesee Ransom of $500,000 [37] [38]
Clementa C. Pinckney Democratic2015 (details) State Senator South Carolina Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Charleston, South Carolina gunshot Dylann Roof White supremacy [39] [40] [41]
John M. Pinckney John McPherson Pinckney.jpg Democratic1905US RepresentativeTexas Hempstead, Texas gunshotsUnknownKilled during riot instigated by opponents of alcohol prohibition [42]
David Ramsay David Ramsay (1749-1815).jpg 1815State Senator and former Continental RepresentativeSouth CarolinaCharleston, South CarolinagunshotsWilliam LinnenAssailant retaliated after target had deemed him insane during criminal court inquiry [43]
George Lincoln Rockwell George Lincoln Rockwell.jpg American Nazi 1967 Gubernatorial candidate Virginia Arlington, Virginia gunshots John Patler Assailant was angered by Rockwell expelling him from the American Nazi Party [44]
John Roll Chief Judge John Roll.jpg Republican2011 (details)Judge, U.S. District Court, District of Arizona Arizona Casas Adobes, Arizona gunshots Jared Lee Loughner Caught in crossfire as mentally ill assailant targeted Congresswoman Gabby Giffords [45]
Tomás Romero (Mexican) Blank.gif 1848Mayor of Taos Pueblo New Mexico provisional government Taos, New Mexico (while imprisoned)gunshots John Fitzgerald Killed following capture for inciting Taos Revolt; assailant retaliating for his brother's death in this uprising [46]
Leo Ryan Leo Ryan.jpg Democratic1978 (details)US RepresentativeCalifornia Port Kaituma, Guyana (on airport tarmac)gunshotsUnknown members of the People's Temple Ambushed while investigating allegations of human rights abuses at the Jonestown compound [47]
John P. Slough John potts slough.jpg Democratic1867Chief Justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court New Mexico Territory Santa Fe, New Mexico (at his office)gunshotWilliam Ryerson (an incumbent Territorial Legislator)Killed after a public dispute in which each accused the other of corruption [48]
Solomon P. Sharp Solomon P Sharp.jpg Democratic-Republican1825 (details) Attorney General, State Senator-electKentuckyHome in Frankfort, Kentuckystabbed (at home) Jereboam O. Beauchamp Killed over long-standing dispute based on political differences, and on Sharp fathering a child with the woman whom Beauchamp later married [49]
Joseph Smith Joseph Smith, Jr. portrait owned by Joseph Smith III.jpg Reform 1844 (details)Mayor of Nauvoo, presidential candidateIllinois Carthage, Illinois (while in jail) gunshots The Carthage GreysFounder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (the Mormons) targeted by an anti-Mormon mob for his growing political power [50]

[51]

J. Christopher Stevens Ambassador christopher stevens.jpg Democratic 2012 (details) Ambassador to Libya Benghazi, Libya arson members of Ansar al-Sharia and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb Unknown [52] [53]
John W. Stephens Blank.gif Republican1870 State Senator North Carolina Yanceyville, North Carolina (in the County Courthouse)gunshotsUnknown, mobbed by estimated 8 to 12 menKilled by Ku Klux Klan member as part of intimidation of Republicans [54]
Frank Steunenberg Franksteunenberg.jpg Democratic1905 Governor (former)Idaho Caldwell, Idaho (outside his home)bomb (set at his front gate) Harry Orchard; possibly othersKilled by a mine owners' association informant in an attempt to cast blame on the Western Federation of Miners [55]
James Strang James Strang daguerreotype (1856).jpg Democratic1856 State Representative Michigan Beaver Island, Michigan (at a steamship terminal)gunshotThomas BedfordKilled by a disgruntled former member of a Mormon sect led by Strang [56]
Mike Swoboda Blank.gif 2008 (details)Mayor of KirkwoodMissouri Kirkwood, Missouri (during a city council meeting)gunshot (died seven months later)

[57]

Charles Lee "Cookie" Thornton Assailant retaliated for fines levied by municipality for code violations [58]
W. H. H. Tison W H H Tison.png Democratic1882Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives Mississippi Baldwyn, Mississippi (while walking)gunshotsJ. Edward SandersKilled in retaliation for an alleged assault by his brother S. H. Tison [59]
Robert Smith Vance Blank.gif Democratic1989Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit Mountain Brook, Alabama (at home)mail bomb Walter Moody Killed after court refused to expunge a previous conviction for explosives possession from assailant's record [60]
Samuel Newitt Wood Samuel Newitt Wood.jpg Republican1891 State Senator and territorial legislatorKansas Hugoton, Kansas (outside County Courthouse)gunshotsJames BrennanKilled during armed conflict between the two largest towns of Stevens County, Kansas fighting for county seat [61]
John H. Wood, Jr. Blank.gif 1979Judge, U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas San Antonio, Texas (outside his home)gunshot Charles Harrelson Contract killing ordered by Jamiel Chagra due to target's harsh convictions of Latin American drug kingpins [62]
Major Ridge Major ridge.jpg Cherokee nation 1839Leader of the Cherokee nation White Rock Creek gunshotsBird DoubleheadKilled as retaliation for alleged responsibility in the deaths of 4,000 Cherokee on the trail of tears

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Brady</span> White House Press Secretary under Ronald Reagan (1940–2014)

James Scott Brady was an American public official who served as assistant to the U.S. president and the 17th White House Press Secretary, serving under President Ronald Reagan. In 1981, John Hinckley Jr. shot and wounded Brady during Hinckley’s attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, which occurred two months and ten days after Reagan's inauguration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</span> 1963 murder in Dallas, Texas, U.S.

On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, was assassinated while riding in a presidential motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was in the vehicle with his wife Jacqueline, Texas governor John Connally, and Connally's wife Nellie, when he was fatally shot from the nearby Texas School Book Depository by Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine. The motorcade rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where Kennedy was pronounced dead about 30 minutes after the shooting; Connally was also wounded in the attack but recovered. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was hastily sworn in as president two hours and eight minutes later aboard Air Force One at Dallas Love Field.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gambino crime family</span> New York-based organized crime group

The Gambino crime family is an Italian-American Mafia crime family and one of the "Five Families" that dominate organized crime activities in New York City, within the nationwide criminal phenomenon known as the American Mafia. The group, which went through five bosses between 1910 and 1957, is named after Carlo Gambino, boss of the family at the time of the McClellan hearings in 1963, when the structure of organized crime first gained public attention. The group's operations extend from New York and the eastern seaboard to California. Its illicit activities include labor and construction racketeering, gambling, loansharking, extortion, money laundering, prostitution, fraud, hijacking, and fencing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extrajudicial killing</span> Intentional and unlawful killings of individuals by state actors without judicial process

An extrajudicial killing is the deliberate killing of a person without the lawful authority granted by a judicial proceeding. It typically refers to government authorities, whether lawfully or unlawfully, targeting specific people for death, which in authoritarian regimes often involves political, trade union, dissident, religious and social figures. The term is typically used in situations that imply the human rights of the victims have been violated; deaths caused by legal police actions or legal warfighting on a battlefield are generally not included, even though military and police forces are often used for killings seen by critics as illegitimate. The label "extrajudicial killing" has also been applied to organized, lethal enforcement of extralegal social norms by non-government actors, including lynchings and honor killings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorism in the United States</span>

In the United States, a common definition of terrorism is the systematic or threatened use of violence in order to create a general climate of fear to intimidate a population or government and thereby effect political, religious, or ideological change. This article serves as a list and a compilation of acts of terrorism, attempts to commit acts of terrorism, and other such items which pertain to terrorist activities which are engaged in by non-state actors or spies who are acting in the interests of state actors or persons who are acting without the approval of foreign governments within the domestic borders of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</span> 1968 murder in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.

Martin Luther King Jr., an American civil rights activist, was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, at 6:01 p.m. CST. He was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital, where he died at 7:05 p.m at age 39. He was a prominent leader of the civil rights movement and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who was known for his use of nonviolence and civil disobedience. James Earl Ray, a fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary, was arrested on June 8, 1968, at London's Heathrow Airport, extradited to the United States and charged with the crime. On March 10, 1969, he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in the Tennessee State Penitentiary. He later made many attempts to withdraw his guilty plea and to be tried by a jury, but was unsuccessful. Ray died in prison in 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little Rock recruiting office shooting</span>

The 2009 Little Rock recruiting office shooting took place on June 1, 2009, when Carlos Leon Bledsoe opened fire with a rifle in a drive-by shooting on soldiers in front of a United States military recruiting office in Little Rock, Arkansas. He killed Private William Long and wounded Private Quinton Ezeagwula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Security incidents involving Barack Obama</span> Assassination attempts and threats against the 44th president of the United States, Barack Obama

Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, was involved in multiple security incidents, including several assassination threats and plots, starting from when he became a presidential candidate in 2007. Secret Service protection for Obama began after he received a death threat in 2007, while serving as the junior United States senator from Illinois and running for president. This marked the earliest time a candidate received such protection before being nominated. Security was increased early for Obama due to fears of possible assassination attempts by white supremacist or other racist groups or individuals against the first African American major party presidential nominee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kandahar massacre</span> 2012 murders by a U.S. soldier in Afghanistan

The Kandahar massacre, also called the Panjwai massacre, was a mass murder that occurred in the early hours of 11 March 2012, when United States Army Staff Sergeant Robert Bales murdered 16 Afghan civilians and wounded six others in the Panjwayi District of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. Nine of his victims were children, and 11 of the dead were from the same family. Some of the corpses were partially burned. Bales was taken into custody later that morning when he told authorities, "I did it".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorism in France</span>

Terrorism in France refers to the terrorist attacks that have targeted the country and its population during the 20th and 21st centuries. Terrorism, in this case is much related to the country's history, international affairs and political approach. Legislation has been set up by lawmakers to fight terrorism in France.

References

  1. ↑ "American Presidential Assassinations". PBS . Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  2. ↑ "Arndt, Charles C.P." Wisconsinhistory.org. August 8, 2017.
  3. ↑ "Looper, Byron". The Political Graveyard. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 24, 2014.
  4. ↑ Mitchell, Jerry (December 30, 2023). "On this day in 1875". Mississippi Today. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  5. ↑ "CARDIS, LOUIS | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)". Tshaonline.org. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  6. ↑ Kendall, Peter. "The shooting of Anton Cermak". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
  7. ↑ "New Mexico Office of the State Historian | people". Newmexicohistory.org. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  8. ↑ Barnes, Kenneth. "John Middleton Clayton (1840–1889)". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
  9. ↑ Newsdesk, Region 8 (August 14, 2020). "NEW DETAILS: Rebecca O'Donnell, a bloody knife and a chicken". KAIT . Retrieved December 16, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ "Slain Judge Ruled Against His Killer's Daughter". The New York Times. May 23, 1988. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  11. ↑ "Killer Competition". NYMag.com. July 25, 2003. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  12. ↑ "The Bulletin - Google News Archive Search". Archived from the original on May 12, 2016.
  13. ↑ "15 Nov 1939, Page 1 - The Brooklyn Daily Eagle at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  14. ↑ Lewis Franklin Johnson (1916). Famous Kentucky Tragedies and Trials: A Collection of Important and ... Baldwin law book Company, incorporated. p. 205. ISBN   978-0-7222-4946-8 . Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  15. ↑ "President Garfield's Assassin: Charles Guiteau's Time in Washington - Ghosts of DC". Ghosts of DC. January 25, 2012. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  16. ↑ "goebel". Kentuckyexplorer.com. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Arkansas News Bureau - Gwatney's widow to serve as superdelegate at Democratic convention". Archived from the original on September 24, 2008.
  18. ↑ Farrell, John A., Clarence Darrow: Attorney for the Damned, Doubleday, New York, 2011 p.56
  19. ↑ Nancy E. Marion; Willard Oliver (July 22, 2014). Killing Congress: Assassinations, Attempted Assassinations and Other ... Lexington Books. p. 18. ISBN   9780739183601. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  20. ↑ Neal, Diane (1997). The Lion of the South: General Thomas C. Hindman. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press. ISBN   0-86554-556-1.
  21. ↑ "James Hinds (1833â€"1868)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ↑ "Monument To Hale Johnson". Bureau County Tribune. August 28, 1903. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ↑ "'70s slaying of KC politician a mob hit? - KansasCity.com". Archived from the original on November 2, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
  25. ↑ "AARC Public Library - HSCA Final Assassinations Report". ASSASSINATION ARCHIVES. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  26. ↑ "Palestinian terror stretches back to RFK killing at the Ambassador Hotel - Opinion". Jewish Journal. May 29, 2008. Archived from the original on December 31, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  27. ↑ "Oregon Secretary of State Agency History, page 11". Bluebook.state.or.us. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  28. ↑ Kauffman, Michael W. (2005). American Brutus. Random House Digital. p. 185. ISBN   9780307430618. Archived from the original on June 26, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
  29. ↑ "View Article". Local.evpl.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  30. ↑ "Huey Long's Assassination - Who Killed Huey Long". Hueylong.com. September 10, 1935. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  31. ↑ William Henry Chafe (1998). Never Stop Running: Allard Lowenstein and the Struggle to Save American ... Princeton University Press. ISBN   9780691059730. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  32. ↑ Thomas E. Simmons. "Territorial Justice under Fire: The Trials of Peter Wintermute, 1873-1875". Sdshspress.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  33. ↑ "McKinley Assassination Ink: A Documentary History of William McKinley's Assassination". Mckinleydeath.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  34. ↑ "Prosecutors' killings rattle former cotton town in Texas - Yahoo! News". Archived from the original on April 2, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  35. 1 2 Mike Weiss, Double Play: The Hidden Passions Behind the Double Assassination of George Moscone and Harvey Milk (San Francisco: Vince Emery Productions, 2010) pp. 213-216, 474.
  36. ↑ "Albert L. Patterson". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  37. ↑ Koerner, Brendan I. (April 15, 2021). "A Kidnapping Gone Very Wrong". The Atlantic. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
  38. ↑ Kennedy, J. Michael (January 4, 1996). "'Soldier of Misfortune' Faces Yet Another Court Date". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  39. ↑ Johnson, M. Alex (June 17, 2015). "'This Was a Hate Crime': Nine People Killed at Historic South Carolina Church". NBC News . Retrieved June 18, 2015.
  40. ↑ Staff (June 18, 2015). "Nine shot, multiple fatalities reported in downtown church shooting". The Post and Courier . Archived from the original on July 28, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
  41. ↑ Bruton, F. Brinley (June 18, 2015). "Charleston Church Shooting: Rev. Clementa Pinckney Among the Victims". NBC News . Retrieved June 18, 2015.
  42. ↑ "Members of the U.S. Congress Who Have Died of Other Than Natural Causes While in Office" (PDF). Policyarchive.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  43. ↑ The Analectic Magazine, September 1815 (collected in Volume 6), "Biographical Memoir of David Ramsay, M.D." (by Robert Y. Hayne but uncredited in source), p. 224.
  44. ↑ Miller, Michael E. (December 16, 2018). "The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  45. ↑ Jijo Jacob (January 10, 2011). "Who is Jared Lee Loughner?". International Business Times. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  46. ↑ Durand, John, The Taos Massacres, Puzzlebox Press, Elkhorn, WI 2004
  47. ↑ Reiterman, Tim; Jacobs, John (1982). Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People . Dutton. ISBN   0-525-24136-1.
  48. ↑ Death Comes for the Chief Justice (1992) by Gary L. Roberts, p. 70.
  49. ↑ Cooke, J.W. (January 1998). "The Life and Death of Colonel Solomon P. Sharp Part 1: Uprightness and Inventions; Snares and Nets" (PDF). The Filson Club Quarterly. 72 (1).
  50. ↑ "Joseph Smith: Campaign for President of the United States" (2009) by Arnold K. Garr.
  51. ↑ "American Crucifixion: The Murder of Joseph Smith and the Fate of the Mormon Church" (2014) by Alex Beam.
  52. ↑ "Profile: Libya's Ansar al-Sharia". BBC News. June 13, 2014. Archived from the original on August 24, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  53. ↑ Hsu, Spencer S.; Marimow, Ann E. (October 3, 2017). "Screams, explosions and fire in Benghazi: Bodyguard details ambassador's last moments". Washington Post . ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  54. ↑ "LIFE IN NORTH CAROLINA. - The Murder of Senator John W. Stephens A Terrible Scene Shall His Assassins Be Amnestied?" (PDF). The New York Times . February 26, 1873.
  55. ↑ "Idaho Meanderings: "The Gate on 16th Avenue" - A Century Ago and Today". Steunenberg.blogspot.com. January 30, 2009. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  56. ↑ "Strang, the Martyred Prophet". Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  57. ↑ "STLtoday - Former Kirkwood Mayor Mike Swoboda dies". Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
  58. ↑ "6 dead in shooting rampage at Kirkwood City Council". St. Louis Post Dispatch. February 7, 2008. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
  59. ↑ "Particulars of the Killing of Col. Tison" . The Daily Memphis Avalanche. Vol. XXVI, no. 141. Memphis, Tennessee. December 16, 1882. p. 4. Retrieved June 28, 2021– via Newspapers.com.
  60. ↑ "Roy Moore, Bob Vance face off in Alabama chief justice race". AL.com. November 5, 2012. Archived from the original on November 16, 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  61. ↑ Memorial of Samuel N. Wood (1892) by Margaret Lyon Wood
  62. ↑ "1979 Killing Called 'Attack on System' : 'Traumatic' Murder of Judge Recalled". Los Angeles Times. June 11, 1989. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.