Port Kaituma Small Town | |
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Coordinates: 7°43′34″N59°53′3″W / 7.72611°N 59.88417°W | |
Country | Guyana |
Region | Barima-Waini |
Government | |
• Type | Neighbourhood democratic council [1] |
Population (2012) [2] | |
• Total | 1,152 |
Port Kaituma is a small village within the Barima-Waini administrative region of Guyana. It became known internationally as a gateway village to the Peoples Temple settlement in nearby Jonestown. It has long been a hub for mining in the area.
Although an Indigenous settlement has existed along the Kaituma River for some time, it was only after the discovery of manganese at nearby Matthews Ridge [3] that Port Kaituma was developed. As Matthews Ridge was not located on a navigable river, a canal was cut from the Kaituma River and Port Kaituma was constructed. [4] At the time of the manganese mining, Port Kaituma had three separate areas. The mine managers' house and the guest house were in a large clearing separated by a short road through the forest from the main rail-head and manganese loading facility. A longer road led in the opposite direction to the area known as 'Bottom Floor' where the workers lived.
The manganese was transported from Matthews Ridge via a 64-kilometre (40 mi) railway and then shipped from Port Kaituma to Chaguaramas Bay in Trinidad, from where it was distributed for industrial use with a large proportion going to Stavanger in Norway. The project was operated by subsidiaries of Union Carbide. [5]
Two Trinidadian oil tankers, the Ambrosio and the Inverrosa, were converted into manganese carriers as part of this project. They made the trip from Port Kaituma to Chaguaramas on a regular four-day cycle for much of the 1960s. With a displacement of just under 3,000 tonnes, they were originally built in the mid 1920s with a shallow draft to ship oil across shallow sand-bars at the mouth of Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. [6] [7] The ability to slip over sand bars in very shallow water was essential to their being able to get across Waini Bar at the mouth of the Kaituma River.
Port Kaituma's significance grew further following the proclamation from the then-President of Guyana, Forbes Burnham, that Guyana should become more self-sufficient by populating the interior of the country. Matthews Ridge was highlighted as a potential new capital city, [8] and within Port Kaituma a large secondary school was constructed to educate students sent from all over Guyana. During its heyday, the school boasted over 800 students, of which most were housed in two large dormitory buildings. [9]
In the 1970s, Jim Jones' commune of Jonestown was built 11 kilometres (7 mi) away from Port Kaituma. The first killings of the November 1978 Jonestown deaths occurred in Port Kaituma when Leo Ryan, a US Congressman from California, and others were gunned down while boarding a small Twin Otter aircraft on the local airstrip. In the aftermath and clean-up operation that ensued, the Guyanese Government prohibited any dead bodies from being buried on the site of the commune. This however didn't stop locals from scavenging the worthless garbage left behind from the property.
Over the next 25 years, a large foreign-owned logging company came and went, the manganese factory at Matthews Ridge ceased working and the railway linking Matthews Ridge and Port Kaituma was closed and in some parts cut up. The school's importance diminished and fell into a state of disrepair.
Today, Kaituma serves as the gateway to the nearby jungle where the now predominant industry of small-scale gold mining takes place. [10] The transient nature of many of these pork-knockers (gold miners) has led to problems of gun crime, robbery, murder and bribery in the unpoliced hinterlands. This however does not perturb a continual flow of workers through the town, including a recent influx of Brazilians.
Port Kaituma Community School provides nursery through secondary education. A hospital was commissioned in 2020. [11] Also in 2020, Guyana Gold Board opened an office in Port Kaituma for testing and buying gold. [12]
The Peoples Temple Agricultural Project, better known by its informal name "Jonestown", was a remote settlement in Guyana established by the Peoples Temple, an American cult under the leadership of Jim Jones. Jonestown became internationally infamous when, on November 18, 1978, a total of 918 people died at the settlement, at the nearby airstrip in Port Kaituma, and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown, Guyana's capital city. The name of the settlement became synonymous with the incidents at those locations.
Barima-Waini is a region of Guyana and is located in the northwest of the country. Barima-Waini has three sub-regions: Mabaruma, Matakai, and Moruca.
Matthews Ridge is a small village within the Barima-Waini administrative region of Guyana. The village name comes from the name of a public official, Matthew Young, as well as the ridges in the area. The village is divided into three sections, Heaven's Hill, Hell Hill and the valley.
Trans Guyana Airways Limited is a Guyanese airline which commenced operations in 1956 in Georgetown, Guyana, with a single float airplane. Since then, the company has expanded their fleet to provide domestic and regional transportation, and to Guyana's remote areas.
Baramita, is a community in the Barima-Waini region of northern Guyana, standing about 20 miles west of Matthew's Ridge, at an altitude of 99 metres.
Arakaka is a community in the Barima-Waini region of Guyana, standing on the Barima River and 12 miles southerly of Port Kaituma, at an altitude of 63 metres (209 feet).
Mahdia is a town in Guayana Esequiba, located near the centre of the country at an altitude of 415 m (1,362 ft).
The Railways of Guyana comprised two public railways, the Demerara-Berbice Railway and the Demerara-Essequibo Railway. There are also several industrial railways mainly for the bauxite industry. The Demerara-Berbice Railway is the oldest in South America. None of the railways are in operation in the 21st century.
Port Kaituma Community School (PKCS) is a learning centre in Port Kaituma within the Barima-Waini administrative region of Guyana.
Guyana–Venezuela relations include diplomatic, economic and other interactions between the neighboring countries of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
The Barama River is a tributary of the Waini River, both being in the Barima-Waini administrative region of Guyana.
The Kaituma River is a river of Guyana in the Barima-Waini region. The mouth is at the upper Barima River, and the area is made up of mostly mangrove swamps.
The Kako River is a river in the Cuyuni-Mazaruni region of Guyana and one of the largest tributaries of the Mazaruni River.
The Puruni River is a river of Guyana in the Cuyuni-Mazaruni region.
The Toroparu mine is estimated to be one of the largest gold mining projects in Guyana. The mine is located in the north-west of the country in Cuyuni-Mazaruni. The mine has estimated reserves of 6 million oz of gold.
Mining in Guyana is a significant contributor to the economy owing to sizable reserves of bauxite, gold, and diamonds. Much of these resources are found in Guyana's Hilly Sand and Clay belt, a region that makes up 20% of the country.
Morawhanna is a small Atlantic coast village in Guyana, on the left side of the Barima River and in close proximity to Venezuela.
Isseneru is an Amerindian settlement in the Cuyuni-Mazaruni region of Guyana, approximately 15–20 miles west of Kurupung.
Port Kaituma Airport is an airport serving the village of Port Kaituma, in the Barima-Waini Region of Guyana.