Vreed en Hoop | |
---|---|
village and regional capital | |
Coordinates: 6°48′27″N58°10′54″W / 6.80763°N 58.18154°W Coordinates: 6°48′27″N58°10′54″W / 6.80763°N 58.18154°W | |
Country | Guyana |
Region | Essequibo Islands-West Demerara |
Population (2012) [1] | |
• Total | 469 |
Time zone | UTC-4 |
Climate | Af |
Vreed en Hoop is a village at the mouth of the Demerara River on its left bank, in the Essequibo Islands-West Demerara region of Guyana, located at sea level. [2] It is the location of the Regional Democratic Council office making it the administrative center for the region. [3] There is also a police station, magistrate's court and post office. [2]
Vreed en Hoop encompasses a few small communities, among them New Road, Plantain Walk, Crane and Coglan Dam. The name of the town comes from the Dutch "Vreed en Hoop", meaning "Peace and Hope" in English. [2]
The name is derived from the Plantation Vreed en Hoop which already existed in 1798. [4] In 1828 ownership changed to Sir John Gladstone [4] who became the permanent absentee planter. [5] At the time of the emancipation of slavery, the plantation had 415 slaves. [5] In 1838, Gladstone was the first planter to expel most of his former slaves, and replace them with indentured servants from India. [5] In 1839, newspapers started to report physical abuse at his plantations, therefore Gladstone quietly transferred ownership. [5]
Vreed en Hoop also consists of a market and other shopping stores. It has an educational institute for children and a college where teachers go for training.
In 1900, the Demerara-Essequibo Railway opened between Vreed en Hoop and Greenwich Park. In 1914, the line was extended to Parika. The railway remained in operation until 1974. [6]
Passenger boats (speedboats) traverse the Demerara River linking Vreed en Hoop to the capital city of Georgetown in about five minutes, much faster than using the Demerara Harbour Bridge (DHB). For safety passengers must use the lifejackets provided. The busy terminal connects travellers to the West Bank Demerara road up to Parika, with cars and minibuses plying the routes. [2]
Plastic City is a shanty town located within Vreed en Hoop. It is located a quarter mile from the village. [7] To the north, there is a jetty that leads to the Atlantic Ocean, and out of sight, there is a makeshift village. Plastic City started in the early 1990s and has been growing ever since. [8] The main problem is the lack of access to water and electricity, [9] and the proneness to flooding. [8]
Presidents promised to solve the problem. [10] Opposition leaders visited the area, but as of 2020, Plastic City remains. [8]
Vreed en Hoop has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.
Climate data for Vreed en Hoop | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 28.8 (83.8) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.4 (84.9) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.5 (85.1) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.9 (87.6) | 30.3 (86.5) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.8 (85.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.7 (80.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.4 (79.5) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.1 (80.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.8 (80.2) |
Average low °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.9 (74.9) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 235 (9.3) | 125 (4.9) | 133 (5.2) | 163 (6.4) | 302 (11.9) | 336 (13.2) | 272 (10.7) | 192 (7.6) | 86 (3.4) | 92 (3.6) | 168 (6.6) | 285 (11.2) | 2,389 (94) |
Source: Climate-Data.org [11] |
The transport sector comprises the physical infrastructure, docks and vehicle, terminals, fleets, ancillary equipment and service delivery of all the various modes of transport operating in Guyana. The transport services, transport agencies providing these services, the organizations and people who plan, build, maintain, and operate the system, and the policies that mold its development.
Demerara is a historical region in the Guianas, on the north coast of South America, now part of the country of Guyana. It was a Dutch colony until 1815 and a county of British Guiana from 1838 to 1966. It was located around the lower course of the Demerara River, and its main settlement was Georgetown.
Essequibo Islands-West Demerara is a region of Guyana.
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The Demerara rebellion of 1823 was an uprising involving more than 10,000 enslaved people that took place in the colony of Demerara-Essequibo (Guyana). The rebellion, which began on August 18, 1823, and lasted for two days, was led by slaves with the highest status. In part they were reacting to poor treatment and a desire for freedom; in addition, there was a widespread, mistaken belief that Parliament had passed a law for emancipation, but it was being withheld by the colonial rulers. Instigated chiefly by Jack Gladstone, a slave at "Success" plantation, the rebellion also involved his father, Quamina, and other senior members of their church group. Its English pastor, John Smith, was implicated.
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