List of human stampedes

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This is a list of notable human stampedes and crushes. Many such accidents are also in list of accidents and disasters by death toll.

Contents

World Crowd Disaster Map WorldCrowdDisasters.jpg
World Crowd Disaster Map

Before the 18th century

Mooning gesture

Mooning is the act of displaying one's bare buttocks by removing clothing, e.g., by lowering the backside of one's trousers and underpants, usually bending over, whether also exposing the genitals or not. Mooning is used in the English-speaking world to express protest, scorn, disrespect, or provocation, or can be done for shock value, fun, or as a form of exhibitionism.

Second Temple Jewish Temple on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem between 516 BC and 70 AD

The Second Temple was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. It replaced Solomon's Temple, which was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, when Jerusalem was conquered and part of the population of the Kingdom of Judah was taken into exile to Babylon.

Jerusalem City in the Middle East

Jerusalem is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and the Palestinian Authority claim Jerusalem as their capital, as Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power; however, neither claim is widely recognized internationally.

18th century

Rhône river in Switzerland and France

The Rhône is one of the major rivers of Europe and has twice the average discharge of the Loire, rising in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais, passing through Lake Geneva and running through southeastern France. At Arles, near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, the river divides into two branches, known as the Great Rhône and the Little Rhône. The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region.

Fireworks low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes

Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. The most common use of a firework is as part of a fireworks display, a display of the effects produced by firework devices.

Place de la Concorde square in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France

The Place de la Concorde is one of the major public squares in Paris, France. Measuring 7.6 ha in area, it is the largest square in the French capital. It is located in the city's eighth arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées. It was the site of many notable public executions during the French Revolution.

19th century

Estimated DeathsDateNameNat.Principal victims
5,000March 29, 1809 Ponte das Barcas  [ pt ] Portugal Thousands of Portuguese civilians died trying to cross the Ponte das Barcas bridge in a desperate attempt to escape the troops of Marshal Soult, assaulting Oporto in the context of the Napoleonic Wars. The bridge of twenty barges was not able to endure the pressure of the terrorized multitude, and collapsed. [3] [4]
110February 12, 1823 Carnival tragedy of 1823 Malta About 110 children died in a crush while attempting to leave the Convent of the Minori Osservanti in Valletta, Malta during the Carnival celebrations. [5]
19October 10, 1872 Ostrów Wielkopolski Synagogue Poland 19 women and children were killed in a stampede and resulting stairs collapse in a synagogue in Ostrów Wielkopolski during the fast of Yom Kippur. Failure of gas lighting engulfed a synagogue balcony (apparently, the women's gallery) in darkness, causing panic among the women.[ citation needed ]
278December 5, 1876 Brooklyn Theatre fire United States Crushes on gallery and balcony staircases during the Brooklyn Theatre fire delayed the evacuation of the building, a contributing factor in the deaths of at least 278 individuals. [6]
12May 30, 1883 Brooklyn Bridge USA12 people were killed and dozens injured after a woman tripped on the stairway at the Brooklyn Bridge, which had been open for eight days at the time. The crush was exacerbated by fears the bridge was about to collapse. [7]
183June 16, 1883 Victoria Hall disaster United Kingdom 183 children aged between 3 and 14 were crushed when over 1,100 children surged down a blocked stairway to collect gifts from the entertainers after the end of a variety show in Sunderland.
1389May 18, 1896 Khodynka Tragedy Russian Empire A crush of those desiring to get presents during the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II – 1,300 more were injured.

20th century

Estimated DeathsDateNameNationPlaceDescription
115September 19, 1902 Shiloh Baptist Church disaster USA Birmingham, Alabama The stampede claimed the lives of people attending a convention featuring Booker T. Washington, following a false fire alarm.
602December 30, 1903 Iroquois Theatre Fire USA Chicago, Illinois Many people died of crush asphyxiation in the rush to escape.
16January 11, 1908 Barnsley Public Hall Disaster UKBarnsley, South YorkshireThe 16 who died were children.
175March 4, 1908 Collinwood school fire USACollinwood, OhioOne rescue worker, two teachers, and 172 children between the ages of five and fifteen were killed. Most of the children were killed in a stairwell when some were trying to escape down the stairs while others, who had found escape impossible that way, were trying to flee up the stairs.
73December 24, 1913 Italian Hall Disaster USA Calumet, Michigan People were crushed to death, and the event is considered the source for the often-cited legal limit of protected speech, i.e., that one may not falsely shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater.
71December 31, 1929 Glen Cinema disaster UK Paisley, Renfrewshire The Glen Cinema disaster was caused by a smoking film canister in the cinema. The resulting panic and crush killed 69 children and injured 40; the final death toll was 71.
76January 8, 1934Kyoto Railroad Station TragedyJapan Kyōto Station A crowd of about 10,000 saying farewell to 750 recruits of the Imperial Japanese Navy collapsed at the bottom of a stairway from a viaduct leading over the tracks down to the platform. The number far exceeded the station's capacity. [8]
354October 23, 1942unnamed Italy Genoa People were killed by stampede during an attack by the RAF Bomber Command in WWII as they made their way into Galleria delle Grazie, a railway tunnel in use as an air-raid shelter. Rushing down the 150 steps leading underground into the shelter, people fell on top of one another in a crush, accounting for the extremely heavy toll of the stampede. [9]
173March 3, 1943 Bethnal Green tube station disaster UK London People were entering the station during an air-raid alert, and a woman holding a child lost her footing and fell down the stairs, leading to the crowd falling around her in a crush.
168June 6, 1944 Hartford circus fire USA Hartford, Connecticut A fire broke out at a performance of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus, killing between 167 and 169 people. Many died after being trampled by other spectators, with some asphyxiating underneath the piles of people who fell over each other. Most of the dead were found in piles, some three bodies deep, at the most congested exits. A small number of people were found alive at the bottoms of these piles, protected by the bodies on top of them when the burning big top ultimately fell down.
33March 9, 1946 Burnden Park disaster UK Bolton At an FA Cup Quarter-final, people were killed when the collapse of two crash barriers in an overcrowded stand led to the crowd falling forward upon each other.
53April 9, 1952unnamed Venezuela Caracas 50 people were trampled to death when a "terrorist" [10] or a group of thieves [11] shouted "Fire!" in the Santa Teresa church. 40 people were arrested in connection with the stampede. [10] [12] Two men who were arrested on the day of the stampede were released. Police chief Aníbal Rojas said that the stampede started when an elderly devotee brushed against the veil which was holding candles in head, making a small fire, the small flare made someone believe that a fire spread and gave the alarm. [13]
500–800February 3, 1954 1954 Kumbh Mela stampede India Kumbh Mela, Allahabad A surging crowd broke through the barriers separating them from a procession of sadhus and holy men of various akharas, resulting in a stampede.
124January 1, 1956unnamed Japan Yahiko People were killed during the New Year panic and stampede at the Yahiko Shinto shrine in central Niigata.
328May 24, 1964 Estadio Nacional disaster Peru Estadio Nacional de Lima In the worst disaster in association football history home fans disputing a referee's decision began a pitch invasion and the Peruvian police fired tear gas canisters into one of the grandstands to prevent further fans from invading the field of play, causing panic so that departing spectators moved down the enclosed stairways, pressing those in the lead against solid corrugated steel shutters at the bottom of tunnels, which were closed. The shutters finally burst outward from pressure of the crush of bodies inside. All of those that died were killed in the jammed stairwells, most from internal haemorrhaging by crushing pressure, or by asphyxia. An additional 500 people were injured, many critically. [14]
71June 23, 1968 Puerta 12 Tragedy Argentina El Monumental Stadium, Buenos Aires Fans were caught in a crush at the bottom of the stairs leaving through Gate 12 (Puerta 12 in Spanish). The exact cause for this crowd collapse is not known for certain, though rival fans might have been throwing burning paper, causing an escape panic. Other accounts say that the gate was closed, either by police or by other fans, intentionally or unintentionally. Still others argue that it was a simple matter of too many fans going through a gate that was narrower than the staircase leading to it. The Puerta 12 Tragedy remains the deadliest sports-related event in Argentine history.
66January 2, 1971 Second Ibrox Disaster UK Ibrox Stadium, Glasgow People were killed when the collapse of stairway barriers occurred after someone fell as fans were leaving the stadium, leading to a crush. The tragedy included many children who died, and most of the deaths were caused by compressive asphyxia, with bodies being stacked up to six feet deep in the area. More than 200 others were injured.
11December 3, 1979 1979 The Who concert disaster USA Riverfront Coliseum, Cincinnati People were killed during a crush at a concert by The Who. The incident led to a reduced use of festival seating at U.S. venues.
21February 8, 1981 Karaiskakis Stadium disaster Greece Karaiskakis Stadium, Piraeus While some fans were exiting the stadium, some lost their balance and fell on the last steps; soon dozens fell onto each other and were stepped over by a horde of unsuspecting fans who kept coming. 19 people died at the scene, while two more died of their wounds in hospital. At least 55 were wounded.
66October 20, 1982 Luzhniki disaster Russia, USSR Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow A crush began after a person fell and a dense moving crowd, their direction limited by metal banisters, pushed over the fallen, crushing them. Others stumbled over the bodies in a domino effect creating a large chain-reaction pile-up of people. [15]
39May 29, 1985 Heysel Stadium disaster Belgium Heysel Stadium, Brussels A crush occurred by a collapsing wall when fans escaping a confrontation between competing fan groups were pressed against it in the stadium before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final. 600 were injured, and the disaster was later described as "the darkest hour in the history of the UEFA competitions". [16]
28December 26, 1987unknown China Chengguan Primary School, Shanyang County In the Chengguan Primary School, at around 7 a.m., children rushed out of their classrooms after a bell called all pupils to attend a weekly school assembly on the sports field. One metal door at one end of the building was locked, causing the children from all 18 classes to rush down an unlighted stairwell to the only other exit, and some in the front fell over; within minutes, four children were dead and 100 more were injured; more died in the hospitals, raising the death toll to 28, while 60 remained hospitalized, eight seriously injured. [17] [18]
93March 13, 1988 Kathmandu stadium disaster Nepal Dasarath Rangasala Stadium When fans at Nepal's national football stadium stampeded for the exits during a hailstorm, they surged towards the only cover (the west stand). The crowd was beaten back by police, but when they returned to the south terrace, a crush developed in a tunnel exit through the terrace and could not escape because the stadium doors were locked, causing a fatal crush at the front of the crowd. 100 more were injured.
2August 20, 1988unnamedUK Donington Park Fans died during a Guns N' Roses concert at a Monsters of Rock festival where they were crushed to death after a 50-person crowd collapse following a surge, 15 yards from the stage. Rolling Stone reported the band members said they stopped playing several times to try to calm fans. [19] Upon exiting the stage, Axl Rose shouted to fans to have a good day and "... don't kill yourselves," but was unaware of the deaths at the time. [19] The head of concert security, present at the scene, wrote a presentation paper about the event for a seminar on mass crowd events. [20]
96April 15, 1989 Hillsborough disaster UK Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield In one of the world's worst football disasters, 766 people were injured, in addition to the people who died. The intensity of the crush broke the crush barriers on the terraces, while those trapped were packed so tightly in the pens that many victims died of compressive asphyxia while still standing. The 1990 official inquiry concluded that the primary cause was the failure of police control, as too many people were let into the stadium. A 2012 reinvestigation concluded that crowd safety was compromised at every level by lack of police control.
1,426July 2, 1990 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy Saudi Arabia Mina, Mecca A blockage at a pedestrian tunnel exits (Al-Ma'aisim tunnel) leading out from Mecca towards Mina, Saudi Arabia and the Plains of Arafat led to deaths by suffocation of many religious pilgrims while they were traveling to perform the Stoning of the Devil ritual during the Hajj.
40January 13, 1991 Orkney Stadium Disaster South Africa Oppenheimer Stadium, Orkney People were killed at a football match attended by about 30,000 fans in a stadium with a capacity for 23,000. When brawls broke out, people panicked, and trying to escape, were crushed against riot-control fences in the melee.
3January 24, 1991 AC/DC Concert Deaths United States Salt Palace (arena), SLC 3 People were killed at an AC/DC Concert attended by 13,294 fans in an arena, with 4,400 of those had “festival style seating.” [21] Two 14-year-old boys and a 19-year-old woman were crushed to death as the crowd surged toward the stage as the band played "Thunderstruck." [22]
42February 13, 1991unnamed Mexico Chalma sanctuaryBeyond those who died, an additional 55 religious pilgrims were injured after being overwhelmed by a crowd trying to enter the atrium of the sanctuary church to receive the divine signal from the ashes. The crowd pushed on for access to the atrium, with most the dead and injured being trampled. [23]
105September 24, 1991 1991 Taiyuan Illumination show stampede (Chinese) China Jikong Bridge, Shanxi Province In a major festival in Taiyuan, China, large crowds of unknown size arrived in Yingze Park to see lanterns at a light festival. Crowds moving in opposite directions were crossing a poorly lit bridge. Some fell into the water and were drowned; others were killed in the crowd collapse and crush on the west side of the bridge. In all, 105 people were killed and 108 more were injured. [24] [25]
9December 28, 1991unnamedUSA City College New York At an oversold charity basketball game featuring rap stars, people were killed and 29 others injured while entering an overcrowded gymnasium while funneling through a small stairwell area. [26]
0June 27, 1992unnamed Germany Olympiastadion, Munich More than 500 people were injured when the crowd at Michael Jackson's debut Dangerous concert became hysterical and began rushing at the barriers, causing several people to have to be lifted from the crowd.
21January 1, 1993unnamed British Hong Kong Lan Kwai Fong People were killed and 67 injured as a crowd of 15,000 to 20,000 revellers celebrated New Year's Eve in the Hong Kong night-club district, controlled by 118 police officers. The victims were mostly teenagers and young people in their 20s. The Independent reported witnesses as saying it was impossible to distinguish between the yelps of the partying crowd and the victims' agonized screams. [27] [28] [29]
0October 30, 1993 The Camp Randall Crush USA Camp Randall Stadium, Madison, Wisconsin 73 student fans were injured by a crowd crush, six critically, when students charged the field in celebration after Wisconsin Badgers football game.
270May 23, 1994unnamedSaudi Arabia Jamarat Bridge, Mecca Religious pilgrims were killed and injured during a stampede at the stoning of the Devil ritual.
113November 23, 1994 1994 Gowari stampede India Nagpur, Maharashtra Gowari people in a political protest, mostly women and children, perished in a stampede triggered by the cane-wielding police who attempted to prevent the estimated crowd of 40,000 from pressing towards the Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur. 500 more people were injured.
83October 16, 1996 The October 16 disaster Guatemala Estadio Mateo Flores, Guatemala City In addition to those who died, 147 more people were injured on the steep stadium stairway prior to the World Cup qualifying match. The crowd was estimated at 50,000 in the stadium designed to seat 37,500.
0*January 1, 1997Hogmanay New Year Celebration Scotland Edinburgh A densely packed crowd of 350,000 gathered in Edinburgh for the annual celebration. Barriers and railings were bent down by crowd pressure. Thirty-four suffered crush and trample injuries, and one was treated for asphyxia. *This event is notable due to the number of crowd injuries and the size of the crowd. [30]
118April 9, 1998unnamedSaudi ArabiaJamarat Bridge, MeccaHajj pilgrims were trampled to death, 180 more injured in an incident on Jamarat Bridge. [31]
53January 15, 1999 1999 Sabarimala stampede India Sabarimala shrine, Kerala When a landslide caused a cave-in at a temple during a Hindu pilgrimage on the day of Makara Jyothi, panic ensued and 200,000 male devotees stampeded as the hill upon which they stood collapsed into the temple. The BBC reported that "Some of the dead were buried in the collapse, but most died in a stampede to avoid the landslide." [32]
53May 30, 1999 Nyamiha disaster Belarus Nemiga metro station, Minsk A sudden thunderstorm caused a number of young people to race for nearby shelter during an open-air concert. The stampede was funneled toward the underpass of the metro station and many people were killed in the crush when they started slipping on the wet pavement, falling and trampling each other.
6December 4, 1999"Air & Style" crowd crush Austria Bergisel stadium in Innsbruck "Severe crowd accumulation" at one exit went unrecognized. Darkness, a steep slope and a slippery surface were contributing factors, but "panic did not occur at any time." Six were killed, four were left in a vegetative state, and 38 were injured. [33]
9June 30, 2000 Roskilde Festival disaster Denmark Roskilde Nine people were crushed after falling as the crowd rushed the stage. Another 26 people were injured, 3 of them seriously.

21st century

2001

Hajj Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca

The Hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. It is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence.

Stoning of the Devil one of a series of rituals carried out by Muslim pilgrims as part of the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca

The Stoning of the Devil is part of the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. During the ritual, Muslim pilgrims throw pebbles at three walls, called jamarāt, in the city of Mina just east of Mecca. It is one of a series of ritual acts that must be performed in the Hajj. It is a symbolic reenactment of Abraham's hajj, where he stoned three pillars representing the temptation to disobey God and preserve Ishmael.

Mina, Saudi Arabia Neighborhood in Mecca, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

Minā is a neighborhood of Mecca in Makkah Province, in western Saudi Arabia. It is situated 5 kilometres to the east of the city of Mecca, and stands on the road from Mecca's city centre to the Hill of Arafat. It covers an area of approximately 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi).

2003

The E2 nightclub stampede occurred on February 17, 2003, at the E2 nightclub located above the Epitome Chicago restaurant at 2347 South Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, in which 21 people died and more than 50 were injured when panic ensued from the use of pepper spray by security guards to break up a fight. The club's owners, Dwain Kyles and Calvin Hollins, were later convicted of criminal contempt for their persistent failure to keep the facility up to code, and sentenced to two years in prison.

Chicago city and county seat of Cook County, Illinois, United States

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States. With an estimated population of 2,705,994 (2018), it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, the second most populous county in the US, with portions of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport. Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland. At nearly 10 million people, the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the nation.

Pepper spray Lachrymatory Agent

Pepper spray is a lachrymatory agent used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. Its inflammatory effects cause the eyes to close, taking away vision. This temporary blindness allows officers to more easily restrain subjects and permits people in danger to use pepper spray in self-defense for an opportunity to escape. It also causes temporary discomfort and burning of the lungs which causes shortness of breath.

2004

The 2004 Miyun stampede also known as Beijing lantern festival stampede was a human stampede that occurred in a crowded lantern festival in Miyun District, Beijing, resulting in 37 deaths and 15 persons injured.

Lantern Festival festival marking the last day of the lunar New Year celebration

The Lantern Festival or the Spring Lantern Festival is a Chinese festival celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the lunisolar Chinese calendar. Usually falling in February or early March on the Gregorian calendar, it marks the final day of the traditional Chinese New Year celebrations. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, it had become a festival with great significance. During the Lantern Festival, children go out at night carrying paper lanterns and solve riddles on the lanterns.

Beijing Municipality in Peoples Republic of China

Beijing, alternately romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's third most populous city proper, and most populous capital city. The city, located in northern China, is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.

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Related Research Articles

Incidents during the Hajj

There have been incidents during the Hajj', the Muslim pilgrimage to the city of Mecca, that have caused loss of life. Every follower of Islam is required to visit Mecca during the Hajj at least once in his or her lifetime, if able to do so; according to Islam, the pilgrimage is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. During the month of the Hajj, Mecca must cope with as many as three million pilgrims.

The 2006 Hajj stampedeor crush resulted in the deaths of 363 pilgrims on 12 January 2006 during the Hajj in Mecca. It took place on Jamaraat Bridge around 1pm on 12 January 2006, the fifth and final day of the Hajj. Between two and three million pilgrims attended the Hajj in 2006. Earlier, on 5 January at least 76 pilgrims died when a hostel collapsed in Mecca.

Jamaraat Bridge architectural structure

The Jamaraat Bridge is a pedestrian bridge in Mina, Saudi Arabia, near Makkah used by Muslims during the Hajj ritual Stoning of the Devil. The purpose of the bridge is to enable pilgrims to throw stones at the three jamrah pillars either from the ground level or from the bridge. Jamaraat is the plural of jamraah, the Arabic term for each of the pillars involved in the stoning ritual. It literally means a small piece of stone or a pebble.

Stade Municipal de Mahamasina is a rugby union and football (multi-purpose) stadium, also used for concerts and athletics, in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

The 2008 Naina Devi temple stampede occurred on 3 August 2008 in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. 146 people died and 150 were injured when they were crushed, trampled, or forced over the side of a ravine by the movement of a large panicking crowd. Witness accounts suggest that events were initiated after a rain shelter collapsed, which worshipers mistakenly took to be a landslide. There were as many as 3000 devotees at the temple because it was a sacred place in the holy month of Shraavana of the Hindu Calendar. According to Daljit Singh Manhas, a senior police officer from the area, at least 40 of the victims were children.

Stampede act of mass impulse among herd of animals or a crowd of people

A stampede is uncontrolled concerted running as an act of mass impulse among herd animals or a crowd of people in which the group collectively begins running, often in an attempt to escape a perceived threat.

A human stampede occurred on 30 September 2008, at the Chamunda Devi temple in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, in which 224 people were killed and more than 425 injured. The 15th-century temple is dedicated to the goddess Chamunda Devi and is located within the premises of Mehrangarh Fort.

The Mandher Devi temple stampede occurred on Tuesday, 25 January 2005 at Mandher Devi temple near Wai in Satara district in Indian state of Maharashtra. The stampede broke out as 300,000 people converged on the Mandher Devi temple to undertake the annual pilgrimage on the full moon day of Shakambhari Purnima, in January and for participation in a 24-hour-long festival that includes ritual animal sacrifices to the goddess. Festivities also include the devotees breaking coconuts at Mangirbaba temple near the entrance and dancing with the Goddess Kalubai's idol held high.

2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede

The 2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede occurred on 29 March 2009 in the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny in Abidjan, Ivory Coast before a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification match between Malawi and Ivory Coast. Nineteen people were killed and 135 were injured. In an attempt to control a stampede police fired tear gas into the crowds, who had begun jostling with each other at least 40 minutes before kick off. The match was particularly popular among locals, with world stars such as Didier Drogba, Sol Bamba and Salomon Kalou due to play for Ivory Coast.

The Mawazine stampede occurred on May 23, 2009 at Hay Nahda stadium in Rabat, during the Mawazine music festival. At least 11 people are reported to have died, including 5 women, 4 men, and 2 children.

Pratapgarh stampede

The Pratapgarh stampede was an incident that occurred on 4 March 2010, at Ram Janki temple of the Kripalu Maharaj ashram in Kunda, Uttar Pradesh, India, that killed 63 people and seriously injured 74 more. The incident occurred as 10,000 people attended the temple to receive free items, such as clothes and food, on the first anniversary of the death of the wife of Kripalu Maharaj.

On 10 February 2013, during the Hindu festival Kumbh Mela, a stampede broke out at the train station in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 42 people and injuring at least 45.

On 13 October 2013, during the Hindu festival of Navratri, a stampede broke out on a bridge near the Ratangarh Mata Temple in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh, India, killing 115 people and injuring more than 110.

2014 Mumbai stampede

On 18 January 2014, a stampede broke out in Mumbai near the Malabar Hill residence of Dawoodi Bohra's spiritual leader Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, who had died on 17 January 2014.

2015 Mina stampede disaster which occurred on 24 September 2015 in Mina, Mecca

On 24 September 2015, an event described as a "crush and stampede" caused deaths estimated at well over 2,000 pilgrims, suffocated or crushed during the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mina, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The high number of deaths caused by the disaster make it the deadliest Hajj disaster in history. Estimates of the number of dead vary; the Associated Press reported 2,411 dead, while Agence France-Presse reported 2,236 killed. Based on the total of the individual national reports cited in the table below, at least 2,431 people died. The government of Saudi Arabia officially reported two days after the event that there had been 769 deaths and 934 injured. These figures remained official at the time of the following year's hajj and were never updated. The largest number of victims was from Iran, followed by Mali and Nigeria.

The 1994 Hajj stampede resulted in the deaths of at least 270 pilgrims on 23 May 1994 during the Hajj in Mecca during the Stoning of the Devil ritual.

The 2004 Hajj stampede resulted in the deaths of at least 251 pilgrims on 1 February 2004 during the Hajj in Mecca. The incident took place during the ritual stoning of three pillars in the Mina valley, close to Mecca, on the final day of Hajj ceremonies. More than 200 people were injured, and the incident became the worst tragedy during the Hajj since 1990.

On 29 September 2017, a stampede broke out at the sub-urban Elphinstone Road railway station in Mumbai, India. At least 23 people were killed and 39 others were injured in the stampede. The incident took place between the Parel railway station and Elphinstone road railway station.

The Antananarivo stampede occurred on June 26, 2019 in Antananarivo, Madagascar, before a Rossy concert at the Mahamasina Municipal Stadium, celebrating the country's 59th Independence Day. The show was about to start; people believed that they could enter the stadium and began to push, but the police left the doors closed. At least 16 people died and 101 others were injured.

Karbala stampede Accident during Ashura processions in Karbala, Iraq.

The Karbala stampede occurred on 10 September 2019, 31 people were killed and approximately 100 more were injured in a human stampede during Ashura processions in Karbala, Iraq. There are conflicting accounts of what caused the stampede, one claimed that a walkway collapsed, leading the crowd to panic. Another account stated that one person tripped and fell among the runners and others fell over him.

References

  1. ↑ Bloom, James J. (2010). The Jewish Revolts Against Rome, A.D. 66–135: A Military Analysis. McFarland. p. 55. ISBN   978-0-7864-4479-3.
  2. ↑ Josephus, Flavius (80); Whiston, William, translator (1737). "The Wars Of The Jews Or The History Of The Destruction Of Jerusalem, Book II, Chapter 12". sacred-texts.com. Evinity Publishing Inc.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ The Bridge and the City p.169
  4. ↑ "The tragedy of the Bridge of Boats, 200 years later- Historic Centre of Porto (World Heritage)". Notables Portugal. Tourism of Portugal. 24 February 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  5. ↑ Vella, Fiona (3 February 2016). "To die for a piece of bread". Times of Malta . Archived from the original on 19 July 2016.
  6. ↑ 'The Class of People who Go To The Gallery' "Special Report of the Fire Marshall" in Papers Relating to the Burning Down of the Brooklyn Theatre British House of Commons London: 1877. page 15
  7. ↑ Dead On The New Bridge – Fatal Crush At The Western Approach. – Front Page – Nytimes.Com. New York Times (2011-01-02). Retrieved on 2011-01-19.
  8. ↑ AP (January 9, 1934). "76 Japanese Die in Panic". Volume 54 (76). The Cornell Daily Sun. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  9. ↑ La "Galleria delle Grazie" (in Italian). Railways on Web, ferrovieinrete.com. Accessed 2015-09-24.
  10. 1 2 Stampede In Church Planned? 13 April 1952
  11. ↑ "53 Killed In Church Panic". 12 April 1952. p. 3. Retrieved 21 November 2017– via Trove.
  12. ↑ "40 ARRESTS IN SEQUEL TO DEATHS". 15 April 1952. p. 6. Retrieved 21 November 2017– via Trove.
  13. ↑ "Terror en Semana Santa". Crónicas del Tánatos (in Spanish). 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
  14. ↑ Edwards, Piers (23 May 2014). "Lima 1964: The world's worst stadium disaster". BBC News. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  15. ↑ Зайкин, В. (1989-07-20).Трагедия в Лужниках. Факты и вымысел Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine , Известия (in Russian), 202, September 24, 1991. Retrieved 2012-02-06
  16. ↑ Quote from UEFA Chief Executive Lars-Christer Olsson in 2004, uefa.com.
  17. ↑ 28 Chinese children die in stampede. United Press International (28 December 1987)
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