List of nuclear fusion companies

Last updated

Commercial fusion is a term used to refer to privately or publicly held companies which aim to sell products (e.g., isotopes) or services (e.g., electricity) produced by nuclear fusion. Reactor-scale nuclear fusion has exceeded scientific break-even, [1] opening the way for commercial reactor development. [2] Forecasts and studies of fusion reactor-generated electricity costs range from high, [3] [4] to very low, down to one cent per kilowatt-hour, [5] rivaling some low-cost forecasts for solar power photovoltaic systems. [6] [7]

Contents

Maintained lists

Several organizations of varied types track and document the growing fusion industry and regularly publish maintained, curated, updated international lists of companies which are working to develop and sell fusion reactors and related equipment and other technology.

Organization
(location)		Market
focus		Company
count		Latest
update		Update
frequency
Dealroom.co
(Amsterdam, Netherlands)		Europe, fusion-related startups38 [8] 2026-11-01Intermittent,
as needed
Energy Startups
(United States)		World48 [9] 2026-10-30Intermittent,
as needed
Fusion Energy Base
(New York City, New York)		World73 [10] 2026
(no other date)		Intermittent,
as needed
Fusion Industry Association
(Washington, D.C.)		World55 [11] : 26 
(archive [12] )		2026-07Yearly
FusionX Group
(Oxfordshire, England)		World91 [13] 2026
(no other date)		Intermittent,
as needed
Nature
(London, England)		World46 [14] 2026-08-26Intermittent,
as needed
TechCrunch
(San Francisco, California)		World, $100+ million private equity investment17 [15] 2026-08-15Intermittent,
as needed
Wikipedia
(San Francisco, California)		World87
(below)		2026-11-09Intermittent,
as needed

As of 2026, the Fusion Industry Association reports that combined cumulative, aggregate, historic total investment in fusion technology has exceeded $14.2 billion. [11] : 9 

Commercial fusion companies

Companies pursue various different fusion methods and geometries for reactors. Some pursue one method, such as magnetic , inertial , or electrostatic confinement. Some pursue hybrid methods such as magneto–inertial or magneto–electrostatic confinement. [16] More methods exist, many of which are listed in the table below. These varied methods can influence strongly many reactor and balance of plant considerations and systems. [17]

CompanyYears
active		MethodFuel(s)CountryFundingReferences, notes
Acceleron Fusion
(formerly NK Labs, LLC)		2008–2022
(NK Labs)
2023–present
(Acceleron)		 Muon-catalyzed Deuterium–tritium Flag of the United States.svg United States [18] [19] [20]
Alpha Ring2015–present Electron-catalyzed Proton–boron-11 Flag of the United States.svg United States $4.67M [21] [22] [23] [21]
American Fusion
(merger: Renewal Fuels, Kepler Fusion)		2007–2025
(Renewal)
1947–present
(Kepler)		 Magnetic confinement: stellarator: torsatron: pulsed Deuterium–helium-3 Flag of the United States.svg United States [24] [25] [26] [27] Kepler is a subsidiary of American
Anubal Fusion2024–present Inertial confinement: laser Proton–boron-11 Flag of India.svg India $500K [14] [28] [29]
ASPL Fusion
(Agnira Sanlayan Pvt. Ltd.)		2025–present Solid target: particle accelerator beam driven;
Magnetic confinement: tandem mirror 		Proton–lithium;
Deuterium–deuterium		Flag of India.svg India $2M [14] [30] [31]
Astral Systems2021–present Inertial-electrostatic: Lattice confinementDeuterium–tritium,
deuterium–deuterium		Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom $40M [11] : 32  [32] [11] : 32  [33] [34] Focus: producing radioisotopes, not energy
Avalanche Energy2018–present Magneto–electrostatic confinement: cusp, colliding beam Deuterium–tritium Flag of the United States.svg United States $105M [35] [36] [37] [38]
Blue Laser Fusion2022–present Inertial confinement: optical enhancement cavity (OEC) laser Proton–boron-11 Flag of the United States.svg United States $62.5M [39] [40] [41] [42]
Borealis Fusion2026–presentMagnetic confinement: tandem mirrorProton–boronFlag of the United States.svg United States $6M [43] [44] [45] University spin-off: Princeton University
Cambridge Heavy Industries2025–presentInertial confinement: laserDeuterium–deuteriumFlag of the United States.svg United States $6.2M [46] [47] University spin-off: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
China Fusion Energy Company
(CFEC)		2025–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium–tritiumFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg China $2.1B [48] [49] [50] [48] [49] CFEC is a subsidiary of China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)
Ciral Fusion2024–presentInertial confinement: impact colliderDeuterium–tritiumFlag of Australia (converted).svg Australia [51] [52]
Commonwealth Fusion Systems 2018–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States $4B [53] [15] [54] [16] [2] University spin-off: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cortex Fusion Systems2021–presentInertial confinement: non-thermal, laserDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States $1.8M [55] [56]
Crossfield Fusion Ltd2019–presentClosed orbit, velocity resonant systemsFlag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom [57] Reactor development ended 2021 [58] [59]
CTFusion, Inc 2015–2023Magnetic confinement: dynomak Deuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States [60] [61] [62] University spin-off: University of Washington
Dante Fusion2025–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamak: spherical Deuterium–tritiumFlag of Denmark.svg Denmark [63] [64] University spin-off: Technical University of Denmark
Deutelio2022–presentMagnetic confinement: levitated dipole Deuterium–deuteriumFlag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland $540K [14] [65] [59]
Dongsheng Fusion
(SunUp Fusion Technology)		2025–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamakDeuterium–helium-3Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China $100M [66] [67] [68] University spin-off: Fudan University
Electric Fusion Systems2020–presentNon-thermal: light element electric fusion (LEEF) via Rydberg matter Proton–lithium-7 Flag of the United States.svg United States [69] [70]
EMC2 (Energy Matter Conversion Corporation)1985–presentMagneto-electrostatic confinement: polywell Deuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States [71] [72] [73]
Energy Singularity Energy Technology2021–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamakDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg China [74] [75]
ENN Energy 2017–presentMagnetic confinement: spheromak Proton–boron-11 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China $590M [14] [76] [77] [16]
Eterna Fusion2026–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamak: sphericalDeuterium–tritiumFlag of South Korea.svg South Korea $1.7M [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] University spin-off: Seoul National University
EX-Fusion2021–presentInertial confinement: laserDeuterium–tritiumFlag of Japan.svg Japan $38M [11] : 46  [83] [84]
Firefly Fusion2023–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium–tritiumFlag of France.svg France
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 		$90K [85] [86] [87] DIII-D tokamak research partner
First Light Fusion 2011–presentInertial confinement: impactDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom $156M [14] [15] [88] [89] [90] [59] [91] [16] [92] [2] University spin-off: University of Oxford
Focused Energy2021–presentInertial confinement: laserDeuterium–tritiumFlag of Germany.svg Germany $500M [14] [15] [93] [94] [59] [91] [95] [92] [96]
Fuse Energy Technologies Corporation2019–present Magneto-inertial: magnetized liner Deuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States $20M [97] [98] [97]
Fusion Power Corporation2016–2019Inertial confinement: heavy ion Deuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States [99] [100]
Gauss Fusion2022–presentMagnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium–tritiumFlag of Germany.svg Germany [101] [59] [96]
General Atomics Fusion Division2022–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamakDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States [102] [103] [104]
General Fusion 2002–presentMagneto-inertial: magnetized target Deuterium–tritiumFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada $612M [15] [105] [16]
GenF2024–presentInertial confinement: laserDeuterium–tritiumFlag of France.svg France $10.8M [11] : 55  [106] [107]
HB11 Energy 2017–presentInertial confinement: non-thermal, laser Proton–boron-11 Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia [108] [109] [110] [111] [92]
Helical Fusion2021–presentMagnetic confinement: stellaratorDeuterium–tritiumFlag of Japan.svg Japan [112] [84]
Helicity Space2018–presentMagneto-inertial: plasma jet collider-compressorDeuterium–deuteriumFlag of the United States.svg United States [113] [114] For spaceflight
Helion Energy 2013–presentMagneto-inertial: field-reversed configuration collider-compressorDeuterium–deuteriumFlag of the United States.svg United States $3.2B [15] [115] [116] [2]
HHMAX-Energy Technology
(Hanhai Fusion)		2022–presentMagnetic confinement: field-reversed configuration collider-compressorDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg China $2.75M [117] [118] [119] [120]
Horne Technologies2008–
present		Magneto–electrostatic confinement: cusp Deuterium–
deuterium, proton–
boron-11 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [121] [122]
Hylenr2018–
present		 Lattice confinement: particle accelerator beam driven Hydrogen Flag of India.svg India [123] [124]
HyperJet Fusion2017–
2022		Magneto-inertial: plasmoid imploded by plasma jetsFlag of the United States.svg United States [125] [126] [16]
Inertia Enterprises2025–
present		Inertial confinement: laser Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $500M [14] [15] [127] [15] [128] [129] [17] Research spin-off: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory National Ignition Facility
Infroton Fusion2024–presentMagneto-inertial: lasers, cavity pressure accelerationDeuterium–deuteriumFlag of the United States.svg United States [130] [131] [11] : 65  [14]
Innoven Energy2010–presentInertial confinement: laserDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States $18.1M [132] [133] [134] [135]
Jupiter Volta2022–presentMagnetic confinement: z-pinch: stabilizedDeuterium–helium-3Flag of the United States.svg United States $3.65M [136] [137] [138]
KMS Fusion 1969–1990Inertial confinement: laser Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [139] Work moved to General Atomics
Kronos Fusion Energy2022–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamak: sphericalDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States [140] [141]
Kyoto Fusioneering2019–
present		Magnetic confinement: reactor subsystems Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of Japan.svg Japan $191M [15] [142] [84] University spin-off: Kyoto University [143]
LaserFusionX2022–
present		Inertial confinement: krypton-fluoride laser Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $458K [14] [144] [95] Research spin-off: United States Naval Research Laboratory
Liberty Fusion2025–presentMagneto-inertial: plasma jet-driven plasma linerDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the United States.svg United States $0.625M [145] [146] [145] [147] Research spin-off: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Linea Innovations2023–presentMagnetic confinement: field-reversed configuration: beam driven: in tandem mirrorProton–boron-11Flag of Japan.svg Japan $11.8M [148] [149] [150] University spin-off: Nihon University, University of Tsukuba
Lockheed Martin 2010–
present		Magnetic confinement: cusp Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [151] [16]
Longview Fusion Energy Systems2021–
present		Inertial confinement: laser Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [152] [91] [95] [92]
LPP Fusion, Inc.
(Lawrenceville Plasma Physics)		2003–
present		Magnetic confinement pinch: dense plasma focus Proton–
boron-11 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [153] President, chief scientist: Eric J. Lerner
Magneto Inertial Fusion Technology Inc. (MIFTI)2008–
present		Magneto-inertial: z-pinch Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [154] [155] [156] University spin-off: University of California, Irvine; Division: US Nuclear Corp
Marvel Fusion2019–
present		Inertial confinement: laser Proton–
boron-11 		Flag of Germany.svg Germany $440M [14] [15] [157] [59] [95] [92] [96]
Norrønt AS
(formerly Ultrafusion Nuclear Power)		2016–2017
(Ultrafusion)
2018–
present
(Norrønt)		Muon-catalyzed Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of Norway.svg Norway [158] Merged with Norrønt Fusion Energy [159]
nT-Tao2019–
present		Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of Israel.svg Israel $34M [14] [160] minimum [161] [162] [163]
NearStar Fusion2021–
present		Magneto-inertial: magnetized target, impact Deuterium–
tritium, Deuterium–
deuterium, proton–
boron-11 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $2M [14] [164] [165] [166] Corporate spin-off: HyperJet Fusion
NovaFusion Energy Technology
(NovaFusionX)		2025–
present		Magnetic confinement: field-reversed configuration collider-compressor Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China $171.9M [167] [168] [169]
Novatron Fusion Group AB2019–
present		Magnetic confinement: mirror Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden $28M [14] [170] [171] [172] [173]
OpenStar Technologies2021–
present		Magnetic confinement: levitated dipole Deuterium–
deuterium (tritium suppressed)		Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand $29.4M [14] [174] [175]
Pacific Fusion 2023–
present		Inertial confinement: magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $1B [15] [176] [177] Founding chief executive officer is Eric Lander [178] [179]
Pranos Fusion Energy2024–
present		Magnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of India.svg India $7.2M [14] [180] [181] [180] [182] Research spin-off: Institute for Plasma Research
Princeton Fusion Systems
(formerly Princeton Satellite Systems)		1992–2017
(Satellite)
2018–
present
(Fusion)		Magnetic confinement: field-reversed configuration Deuterium–
deuterium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [183] [184] [16]
Proxima Fusion 2023–
present		Magnetic confinement: quasi-isodynamic stellarator Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of Germany.svg Germany $740M
(€641M) [14] [15] 		[185] [59] [96] [186] [2] Research spin-off: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics
Pulsar Fusion 2011–presentMagnetic confinement: field-reversed configurationDeuterium–helium-3Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom $5.81M [187] [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] [193] For spaceflight
Realta Fusion 2022–
present		Magnetic confinement: tandem mirror Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $57.5M [194] [195] University spin-off: University of Wisconsin–Madison [196] [197] [198] [199]
Renaissance Fusion2021–
present		Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of France.svg France [200] [59]
Rosatom2007–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamakDeuterium–tritiumFlag of Russia.svg Russia $701M [201] [202] [203]
Shine Technologies 2005–2017
(Phoenix)
2010–
present
(Shine)		Magneto-electrostatic confinement: particle accelerator Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States Over $1B [15] [204] [205] [206] Corporate spin-off: Phoenix Nuclear Labs, 2010; Focus: producing radioisotopes, not energy
Smart Fusion Energy2026–presentMagnetic confinement: tokamak: sphericalDeuterium–tritiumFlag of Spain.svg Spain [207] [208] [209] University spin-off: University of Seville
Snap Fusion2026–presentSemiconductor-scaleUnpublishedFlag of Germany.svg Germany [210] [211]
Startorus Fusion2021–
present		Magnetic confinement: tokamak: spherical Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China $138.9M [11] : 97  [212] [213] Research spin-off: Tsinghua University
Stellarex, Inc2022–
present		Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [214] University spin-off: Princeton University [143]
TAE Technologies
(formerly Tri Alpha Energy)		1998–2017
(Tri Alpha)
2017–
present
(TAE)		Magnetic confinement: field-reversed configuration: beam driven Proton–
boron-11 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $1.6B [215] [216] [16] University spin-off: University of California, Irvine
Terra Fusion Energy2024–
present		Magnetic confinement: tandem mirror: centrifugal Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States [217] [218] University spin-off: University of Maryland, Baltimore
Thea Energy
(formerly Princeton Stellarators)		2022–
present		Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $130M [15] [219] [143]
Tibbar Plasma Technologies2015–
present		Magneto-electrostatic confinement: oscillating plasma vortex ring collider Proton–
boron-11 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $4.8M [14] [220] [221] [222] [223] [224] [225]
Tokamak Energy 2009–
present		Magnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom $336M [15] [226] [143] Research spin-off: Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
Type One Energy Group2019–
present		Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $469M [227] [15] [228] [197] [17] [2]
Xcimer Energy Inc.2022–
present		Inertial confinement: excimer laser Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $100M [15] [229] [91] [92]
Xeonova
(Hefei Xeonova Technology, or Hefei Xingneng Xuanguang Technology)		2024–presentMagnetic confinement: field-reversed configurationDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg China $100M [230] [231] [232] [233] [234] [235] University spin-off: University of Science and Technology of China
Yan Fusion2025–presentMagnetic confinement: stellaratorDeuterium–tritiumFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg China $293M [11] : 112  [236] [11] : 112 
Zap Energy 2017–
present		Magnetic confinement: z-pinch Deuterium–
tritium 		Flag of the United States.svg United States $327M [15] [237] [62] [116] [238] University spin-off: University of Washington
Zephyr Fusion2025–presentMagnetic confinement: levitated dipoleDeuterium–deuteriumFlag of the United States.svg United States $0.125M [239] [240] [239] Outer space-based reactors

See also

References

  1. ↑ Hiller, Jennifer; Niiler, Eric; Woodward, Aylin (12 December 2022). "U.S. to Announce Nuclear-Fusion Energy Breakthrough" . The Wall Street Journal . New York City, New York. Retrieved 14 October 2026.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Savage, Neil (26 August 2026). "A raft of start-up firms is betting on nuclear fusion". Nature . 656 (8129). London, United Kingdom: Springer Nature: S14–S15. Bibcode:2026Natur.656S..14S. doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02511-7. PMID   42649404 . Retrieved 13 October 2026.
  3. ↑ Tang, Lingxi; Noll, Bessie; Panda, Anurag; Schmidt, Tobias S. (23 March 2026). "Fusion power experience rates are overestimated". Nature Energy. 11 (6). London, United Kingdom: Springer Nature: 926–934. doi:10.1038/s41560-026-02023-8. ISSN   2058-7546.
  4. ↑ Crownhart, Casey (23 April 2026). "Will fusion power get cheap? Don't count on it". MIT Technology Review . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Retrieved 10 November 2026.
  5. ↑ McCaleb, Jed (19 March 2026). "Mapping the path to one cent electricity". Astera Institute. Emeryville, California. Retrieved 1 November 2026.
  6. ↑ Badra, Mateus (3 April 2025). "Solar energy could cost a penny per kWh, predicts American expert". Canal Solar (in English, Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo, Brazil. Retrieved 1 November 2026.
  7. ↑ Dorr, Adam; Arbib, James; Seba, Tony (May 2025). Understanding Stellar Energy. RethinkX (Report). San Francisco, California. Retrieved 1 November 2026.
  8. ↑ "Nuclear fusion startups in Europe". Dealroom.co. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1 November 2026. Retrieved 8 November 2026.
  9. ↑ Gillet, Alexander (30 October 2026). "Energy Startups: Top 48 Fusion Energy startups". Energy Startups. United States: LiveStartups. Retrieved 3 November 2026.
  10. ↑ Wurzel, Sam, ed. (2019–2026). "Fusion Energy Base: Opening Up Access to Fusion Energy Development". Fusion Energy Base. New York City, New York: Triple Product. Retrieved 8 November 2026.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2026: The Global Fusion Industry (PDF). Fusion Industry Association (Report). Washington, D.C. July 2026. Retrieved 13 October 2026.
  12. ↑ Past Fusion Industry Reports. Fusion Industry Association (Report). Washington, D.C. 2026. Retrieved 15 October 2026.
  13. ↑ "FusionX: Fusion Companies". FusionX Group Ltd. Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom. 2026. Retrieved 10 November 2026.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Savage, Neil (26 August 2026). "The 46 companies scrambling to commercialize fusion for energy". Nature . London, United Kingdom: Springer Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02513-5. PMID   42649309 . Retrieved 15 October 2026.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 De Chant, Tim (15 August 2026). "Every fusion startup that has raised over $100M". TechCrunch . San Francisco, California. Retrieved 15 October 2026.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Clynes, Tom (28 January 2020). "5 Big Ideas for Making Fusion Power a Reality". IEEE Spectrum . New York City, New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . Retrieved 17 September 2026.
  17. 1 2 3 Jen, David (21 August 2026). "A Fusion of Engineering: Extreme Demands of Fusion Plants Call for New Ideas and Designs". Informed Infrastructure. West Allis, Wisconsin: V1 Media. Retrieved 17 September 2026.
  18. ↑ "Developing Muon Catalyzed Fusion as an Abundant New Source of Clean Energy". Acceleron Fusion. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 2008–2024. Retrieved 6 December 2025.
  19. ↑ Knaian, Ara (7 April 2020). "Conditions for High-Yield Muon Catalyzed Fusion". Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E). United States Department of Energy . Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  20. ↑ "Acceleron Fusion raises $24M in seed funding to advance low-temp fusion". Nuclear Newswire. American Nuclear Society. 11 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2025.
  21. 1 2 Chao-Hang, Chiu (13 July 2026). "Alpha Ring bets on desktop nuclear fusion to redefine the future of clean energy". Taiwan Current News (TCN). Taipei City, Taiwan. Retrieved 21 October 2026.{{cite news}}: More than one of |location= and |publication-place= specified (help)
  22. ↑ "Alpha Ring: The Future is Fusion". Alpha Ring International (in English and Chinese). Monterey, California. 2015–2026. Retrieved 21 October 2026.
  23. ↑ "Alpha Ring unveils table-top fusion research tools". World Nuclear News. London, England, United Kingdom: World Nuclear Association. 1 May 2025. Retrieved 21 October 2026.{{cite news}}: More than one of |location= and |publication-place= specified (help)
  24. ↑ "American Fusion: Powering the Future with Fusion Energy". American Fusion. Southlake, Texas. 2007–2026. Retrieved 29 June 2026.
  25. ↑ "Kepler Fusion: Pioneering Compact Fusion Energy". Kepler Fusion. Southlake, Texas. 1947–2026. Retrieved 29 June 2026. Official name: Kepler Fusion Technologies. Brand name: Kepler Fusion. Merged parent entity: American Fusion; Kepler is a subsidiary.
  26. ↑ Shaikh, Kaif (27 June 2026). "American Fusion moves 5MW Texatron fusion engine closer to independent validation". Interesting Engineering. New York City, New York. Retrieved 29 June 2026.{{cite news}}: More than one of |location= and |publication-place= specified (help)
  27. ↑ Tripathi, Aman (30 August 2026). "US nuclear fusion firm tests 100,000-atmosphere plasma pulses to advance Texatron engine". Interesting Engineering. New York City, New York: IE Media. Retrieved 30 August 2026.{{cite news}}: More than one of |location= and |publication-place= specified (help)
  28. ↑ "Anubal Fusion: We've built our world on extraction. Now, we're building it on transformation". Anubal Fusion. Gurugram, Haryana, India. 2024–2026. Retrieved 13 September 2026.
  29. ↑ "Can India produce a global energy leader: early lessons from Anubal Fusion's experience". Speciale Invest. Chennai, India: VMM Collective. 30 October 2025. Retrieved 13 September 2026.
  30. ↑ "ASPL Fusion: Fusion in the Service of Humanity". ASPL Fusion. Gandhinagar, India. 2025–2026. Retrieved 14 September 2026.
  31. ↑ "ASPL Fusion". FusionX. London, United Kingdom: FusionX Group. 2026. Retrieved 14 September 2026.{{cite news}}: More than one of |location= and |publication-place= specified (help)
  32. ↑ "Astral Systems: Fusion, Redefined, Now". Astral Systems. Bristol, England. 2021–2026. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
  33. ↑ Harvey, Dave (26 February 2025). "Cancer scans to be revolutionised by nuclear start-up". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). London, England. Retrieved 19 October 2026.{{cite news}}: More than one of |location= and |publication-place= specified (help)
  34. ↑ Ackerman, Naomi (23 June 2026). "How a nuclear fusion reactor that fits on a table can fight cancer". The Times . London, England: Times Media. Retrieved 19 October 2026.{{cite news}}: More than one of |location= and |publication-place= specified (help)
  35. ↑ Stiffler, Lisa (3 February 2026). "Soviet secrets and Star Wars prototypes: Avalanche raises $29M for its desktop-sized power quest". Geekwire . Seattle, Washington. Retrieved 11 October 2026.
  36. ↑ "Avalanche Energy". VC Database. VC News Daily. Retrieved 26 June 2026.
  37. ↑ "Avalanche: Moving, Power". Avalanche. Tukwila, Washington. 2018–2025. Retrieved 6 December 2025.
  38. ↑ "Avalanche Energy launches FusionWERX". Nuclear Engineering International. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 3 December 2025.
  39. ↑ "Blue Laser Fusion Raises $25M in Seed Funding". Photonics Spectra . Pittsfield, Massachusetts: Laurin Publishing Company. October 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
  40. ↑ "Blue Laser Fusion Funding Round". Gaebler.com. Chicago, Illinois: Gaebler Ventures. 20 March 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2026. On 3/20/2024, Blue Laser Fusion raised $37.5 million in Seed funding from Itochu Corporation, JAFCO and SoftBank Group.
  41. ↑ "Blue Laser Fusion: The future of energy is laser-driven". Blue Laser Fusion. Goleta, California. 2022–2025. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
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