The president of the Congress of Deputies, also known as the president of the Cortes, is the highest authority of the Congress of Deputies of Spain, the lower house of the Cortes Generales. The President is elected by and among the incumbent members of congress (diputados).
The office was established in 1810 when the Supreme Central Junta convened the first Spain's general election to form the Cortes of Cádiz. In the first meeting of the Cortes, on 24 September 1810, the first president was elected, Ramón Lázaro de Dou y de Bassols, although Benito Ramón Hermida Maldonado held the office as acting president during the beginning of that meeting. During this time, the Cortes were a unicameral parliament and the tenure of the president of the house was one month. In 1814, King Ferdinand VII dissolved the parliament and abolished the 1812 Constitution, restoring absolutism. Briefly, from 1820 to 1823, the Constitution was restored against the will of the monarch and in 1823 the King abolished it again until his death in 1833, when Queen Regent Maria Christina, in order to gain the favour of the Liberals to support the reign of her daughter, Isabella II, approved the Royal Statue of 1834, creating a bicameral parliament and restoring the office. The parliament was inactive in three more times in Spanish history: from 1923 to 1927 due to the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (although he created an advisory assembly from 1927 to 1929), from 1929 to 1931 after the dictatorship and from 1939 to 1943, after the Civil War.
After 1834, none of the constitutions or the different internal rules of the Congress established a time limited to held the office, so it is understood that he or she occupies it for the time of the legislature, an idea that continues today in force. Another peculiarity of Spanish parliamentarism is the existence of the position of acting president. After every general election and before the Congress is fully constituted, the Congress' internal rules from 1834 to 1982 established that an acting president had to be elected, and, once the Congress is fully constituted, the House must ratified the appointment or elect a new president. In 1982, this provision disappeared.
The length of time given below is based on the difference between dates. Many presidents were elected multiple times, and to terms that were, in several instances, not consecutive; the length of time given for each president measures their cumulative length of incumbency as president (even if they were elected as acting president). The time after adjournment of one Congress but before the convening of the next Congress is also counted.
Coat of Arms of the Spanish Congress of DeputiesEsteban de Bilbao Eguía, longest serving president of the Congress, 22 years, 193 daysFélix Pons, longest tenure of office in the current democratic period, 9 years, 350 daysAlejandro Pidal y Mon, longest tenure of office in the 19th century, 5 years, 5 days (non-consecutive)
The prime minister of Spain, officially president of the Government, is the head of government of Spain. The prime minister nominates the ministers and chairs the Council of Ministers. In this sense, the prime minister establishes the Government policies and coordinates the actions of the Cabinet members. As chief executive, the prime minister also advises the monarch on the exercise of their royal prerogatives.
The Congress of Deputies is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate. The Congress meets in the Palace of the Parliament in Madrid.
The Cortes Generales are the bicameral legislative chambers of Spain, consisting of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate.
The Cortes of Cádiz was a revival of the traditional cortes, which as an institution had not functioned for many years, but it met as a single body, rather than divided into estates as with previous ones.
The Republic of Peru has two vice presidents, the First Vice President and the Second Vice President, who are elected along with the President in democratic elections. Their only constitutional mission is to replace the President in case of death, permanent or temporary incapacity, resignation, being abroad without the permission of Congress, failure to return from abroad at fixed time, and/or dismissal or removal from office as allowed by the Constitution.Note 1 They cannot be appointed outside of general elections.
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The president of the Congress of Deputies is the speaker of the Congress of Deputies, the lower house of the Cortes Generales. The president is elected among the members of the Congress and is, after the king and the prime minister, the highest authority in the Kingdom of Spain.
The president of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Spanish Senate, the upper house of Spain's Cortes Generales. It is the fourth authority of the country after the Monarch, the Prime Minister and the President of the Congress of Deputies. The president is elected among and by the incumbent senators. When the president is unable to exercise power, vice presidents of the Senate exercise the powers of the Senate president.
The 2015 Balearic regional election was held on Sunday, 24 May 2015, to elect the 9th Parliament of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. All 59 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.
Eleuterio Delgado y Martín was a Spanish lawyer and politician, briefly Minister of Finance during the reign of Alfonso XIII.
The 2019 Balearic regional election was held on Sunday, 26 May 2019, to elect the 10th Parliament of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. All 59 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in eleven other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain, as well as the 2019 European Parliament election.
Francesca Lluc Armengol Socias, known as Francina Armengol Socias, is a Spanish politician from the Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands. She currently serves as president of the Congress of Deputies since 2023 and as member of the Congress of Deputies from the Balearic Islands since 2023.
The 2023 Balearic regional election was held on Sunday, 28 May 2023, to elect the 11th Parliament of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. All 59 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in eleven other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.
María Asunción Jacoba Pía de la Concha García-Mauriño, known as Mae de la Concha, is a Spanish bookseller and politician. She was regional minister of agriculture, fisheries and food of the government of the Balearic Islands. She was a member of Congress of Deputies from 2016 to 2019. From October 2017 to December 2021 she also served as secretary-general of the Balearic branch of Podemos. She was acting President of the Balearic Islands from 19 June to 7 July 2023.
Ramón Lázaro de Dou y de Bassols was a Spanish professor and priest who was the first President of the Congress of Deputies after being elected by the majority of the Cortes of Cádiz. Lázaro was member of the Cortes representing the Principality of Catalonia from September 19, 1810 to January 15, 1814. He was noted for his pioneering work in the systematization of administrative law.
In Spain, a president of an Autonomous Community serves as the chief executive officer in each of the seventeen Autonomous communities and in the two Autonomous cities, where they receive the name of "Mayor-Presidents". As such, regional presidents are responsible for implementing regional laws and overseeing the operation of the state executive branch. As regional leaders, governors advance and pursue new and revised policies and programs using a variety of tools, among them executive laws, executive budgets, and legislative proposals.
Events in the year 2022 in Spain.
Lluís Enric Apesteguia Ripoll is a Spanish politician of the party Més per Mallorca. He has been a councillor (2011–) and the mayor (2019–) of his hometown of Deià, as well as his party's spokesperson in the Island Council of Mallorca (2015–2018). He led the party in the 2023 Balearic regional election, where they retained their four seats.
The 15th Cortes Generales were elected in the 2023 Spanish general election.
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