Molly Murphy MacGregor | |
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Alma mater | Sonoma State University |
Occupation(s) | Women's Rights Activist, Historian |
Organization | National Women's History Alliance |
Molly Murphy MacGregor is one of the co-founders of the National Women's History Project, now known as the National Women's History Alliance. [1] Her work contributed to the creation of Women's History Month, which is recognized every year in March. [2]
Under Molly Murphy MacGregor and other co-founders leadership, in 1978 the Education Task Force of the Sonoma County Commission on the Status of Women organized a week long celebration for women’s history. [3] MacGregor co-founded the National Women's History Project in 1980 with several other women including Mary Ruthsdotter in order to promote awareness about women's history throughout the United States. [4] Over the last three decades, the NWHP has hosted countless events and historic projects to celebrate women's history. They successfully lobbied Congress to pass a joint resolution recognizing women's history month in 1987. [5] Numerous scholars and historians have worked with the NWHP including historian Robert P. J. Cooney Jr. He is a frequent contributor to NWHP projects and his work is currently cited on the California Secretary of State page. [6] The NWHP had a major push toward the inclusion of women's history at the K-12 level. MacGregor has been quoted as saying, "The validation has been the most surprising and overwhelming success of Women’s History Month. It first started at K-12, we had no idea how much effect it would have on the community and government.” [7] In her 1999 article, "Living the Legacy of the Women's Rights Movement" published in The Public Historian , she wrote extensively about the widespread interest the NWHP has seen from students and teachers. [8] MacGregor has noted the National Park Service has done extensive work to promote the history of the women's rights movement. [8] MacGregor is frequently asked to speak in public about her work with the NWHP. In 2005 served in a keynote session titled “Democracy and Women’s Equal Rights - Mutually Exclusive” which celebrated the 85th anniversary of the 19th amendment at the National Constitution Center. [9]
Molly serves as the Executive Director of the organization which is now known as the National Women's History Alliance. [10] The National Women's History Alliance is the only national clearing house coordinating projects, speakers and curriculum about women's history. The NWHA regularly hosts events to promote the field of women's history and publishes a yearly list of honorees related to the field of women's history. [11] Their theme for 2019 is "Visionary Women" Champions of Peace & Nonviolence". Leasa Graves works closely with MacGregor and currently serves as the Assistant Director. [12] The organization is currently coordinating a state wide effort in California to plan a wide variety of projects celebrating the centennial of the 19th amendment. Numerous projects are in the works including recognizing suffragists buried in California. Committee members of the NWHA recently visited Cypress Lawn Cemetery in San Bruno, California where Phoebe Hearst and Gertrude Atherton are buried to put markers on their grave sites noting their work as suffragists. [13] MacGregor frequently speaks to organizations such as the American Association of University Women about a wide range of topics related to women's history. [14] Molly Murphy MacGregor is often called upon to share her opinions regarding the portrayal of women in the media. In 2009 when interviewed about the new biopic about Amelia Earhart, Murphy MacGregor was quoted as saying, “"You cannot underestimate the power of a role model or knowing that someone else did it...female role models are extremely important." [15]
MacGregor is a former educator with a background in teaching social studies, English and women's history. While teaching U.S. history at the high school level, she developed an interest in educating others about women's history. She attended graduate school at Sonoma State University. [16] She also taught courses in women's history at Santa Rosa Junior College and worked with noted women's historian Gerda Lerner. [17] [18]
The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the United States and its states from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, in effect recognizing the right of women to vote. The amendment was the culmination of a decades-long movement for women's suffrage in the United States, at both the state and national levels, and was part of the worldwide movement towards women's suffrage and part of the wider women's rights movement. The first women's suffrage amendment was introduced in Congress in 1878. However, a suffrage amendment did not pass the House of Representatives until May 21, 1919, which was quickly followed by the Senate, on June 4, 1919. It was then submitted to the states for ratification, achieving the requisite 36 ratifications to secure adoption, and thereby go into effect, on August 18, 1920. The Nineteenth Amendment's adoption was certified on August 26, 1920.
Amelia Mary Earhart was an American aviation pioneer. On July 2, 1937, Earhart disappeared over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to become the first female pilot to circumnavigate the world. During her life, Earhart embraced celebrity culture and women's rights, and since her disappearance, she has become a cultural icon. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean and she set many other records; she was one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.
Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Willard became the national president of Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1879 and remained president until her death in 1898. Her influence continued in the next decades, as the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution were adopted. Willard developed the slogan "Do Everything" for the WCTU and encouraged members to engage in a broad array of social reforms by lobbying, petitioning, preaching, publishing, and education. During her lifetime, Willard succeeded in raising the age of consent in many states as well as passing labor reforms including the eight-hour work day. Her vision also encompassed prison reform, scientific temperance instruction, Christian socialism, and the global expansion of women's rights.
Alice Stokes Paul was an American Quaker, suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the foremost leaders and strategists of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote. Paul initiated, and along with Lucy Burns and others, strategized events such as the Woman Suffrage Procession and the Silent Sentinels, which were part of the successful campaign that resulted in the amendment's passage in August 1920.
The American Association of University Women (AAUW), officially founded in 1881, is a non-profit organization that advances equity for women and girls through advocacy, education, and research. The organization has a nationwide network of 170,000 members and supporters, 1,000 local branches, and 800 college and university partners. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. AAUW's CEO is Gloria L. Blackwell.
The National Woman's Party (NWP) was an American women's political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage. After achieving this goal with the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the NWP advocated for other issues including the Equal Rights Amendment. The most prominent leader of the National Woman's Party was Alice Paul, and its most notable event was the 1917–1919 Silent Sentinels vigil outside the gates of the White House.
Women's History Month is an annual observance to highlight the contributions of women to events in history and contemporary society. Celebrated during March in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, corresponding with International Women's Day on March 8, it is observed during October in Canada, corresponding with the celebration of Persons Day on October 18.
The National Women's History Alliance (NWHA) is an American non-profit organization dedicated to honoring and preserving women's history. The NWHA was formerly known as the National Women's History Project. Based out of Santa Rosa, California since 1980, it was started by women's history activists Molly Murphy MacGregor, Mary Ruthsdotter, Maria Cuevas, Paula Hammett and Bette Morgan.
Anita Lily Pollitzer was an American photographer and suffragist.
Mary Ruthsdotter was a feminist activist who co-founded the National Women's History Project, for which she produced curriculum guides, teacher training programs and videos on women’s history. She played an influential role in obtaining Congressional resolutions and Presidential proclamations designating Women's History Week and, later, Women's History Month.
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Women's suffrage was established in the United States on a full or partial basis by various towns, counties, states, and territories during the latter decades of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century. As women received the right to vote in some places, they began running for public office and gaining positions as school board members, county clerks, state legislators, judges, and, in the case of Jeannette Rankin, as a member of Congress.
Flora MacDonald Denison was a Canadian activist, journalist, and businesswoman known for her leadership in the Canadian suffragist movement and her stewardship of Bon Echo Provincial Park in Ontario.
Myra Virginia Simmons was a California suffragist and leader of the Colored American Equal Suffrage League (CAESL). She was a prominent Bay Area community organizer who served as Chair of the Women’s Civic and Progressive League in Oakland.
This timeline provides an overview of the political movement for women's suffrage in California. Women's suffrage became legal with the passage of Proposition 4 in 1911 yet not all women were enfranchised as a result of this legislation.
The women's suffrage movement began in California in the 19th century and was successful with the passage of Proposition 4 on October 10, 1911. Many of the women and men involved in this movement remained politically active in the national suffrage movement with organizations such as the National American Women's Suffrage Association and the National Woman's Party.
The California Equal Suffrage Association was a political organization in the state of California with the intended goal of passing women's suffrage.