Myxococcaceae | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Myxococcota |
Class: | Myxococcia |
Order: | Myxococcales |
Family: | Myxococcaceae Jahn 1924 |
Genera | |
Synonyms | |
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Myxococcaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. [1] The family Myxococcaceae is encompassed within the myxobacteria ("slime bacteria"). The family is ubiquitously found in soils, marine, and freshwater environments. Production of compounds with medical uses by Myxococcaceae makes them useful in human health fields.
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [3]
16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 [4] [5] [6] | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [7] [8] [9] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cells can be motile with gliding and swarming behavior. The vegetative cell shape in the Myxococcaceae family is long rods, which vary in size between members. The most common fruiting body morphs are soft hump and knob shaped with possible colors of yellow, peach, white, or orange depending on species. Myxococcaceae are spore producing bacteria and are delineated by their spore shape. The myxospores are oval to round and are optically refractive. [10] Quorum sensing (QS) behavior is limited in this family. However, there is evidence that some members of the family produce molecules that interrupt the QS of other microbes, behavior potentially useful in predation. [11]
Bacteria in the order of Myxococcales have led to scientific discoveries including the first genome to be sequenced, the primary observation of plasmid replication, and the first discovery of bacteriophage. Members of the Myxococcaceae produce a wide range of secondary metabolites having useful functions and applications. Compounds with anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, and in rare cases, anti-HIV activities have been isolated from the Myxococcaceae. [10]
The Spirochaetales are an order of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this order are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses.
The Leptospiraceae are a family of spirochete bacteria. It includes the genus Leptospira which contains some pathogenic species.
Anaeroplasmatales is an order of mollicute bacteria which are generally found in the rumens of cattle and sheep. The only family in the order is the family Anaeroplasmataceae.
The Thermoactinomycetaceae are a family of Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria.
The Spirochaetaceae are a family of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this family are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses.
Caldicellulosiruptor is a genus of thermophilic, anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. Originally placed within the highly polyphyletic class Clostridia, order Thermoanaerobacterales and family Thermoanaerobacterales Family III according to the NCBI and LPSN, it is now thought to lie outside of the Bacillota. Caldicellulosiruptor is known to degrade and ferment complex carbohydrates from plant matter, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, and certain species in the genus have been identified as potential candidates for biofuel production.
Cystobacter is a genus in the phylum Myxococcota (Bacteria).
Acidaminococcus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria), whose members are anaerobic diplococci that can use amino acids as the sole energy source for growth. Like other members of the class Negativicutes, they are gram-negative, despite being Bacillota, which are normally gram-positive.
Sporomusa is a genus of Bacillota bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.
Megasphaera is a genus of Bacillota bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.
Stigmatella is a bacterium genus in the phylum Myxococcota.
The Nautiliaceae are a family of bacteria placed in an order to itself, Nautiliales, or in the order Campylobacterales. The members of the family are all thermophilic.
Syntrophomonas is a bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae.
Laceyella is a Gram-positive, thermophilic, spore-forming and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae. The genus Laceyella is namened after the English microbiologist John Lacey.
Bulleidia is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, anaerobic and non-motile genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species.
The Coprobacillaceae are a family of Bacillota.
Planctomycetaceae is a family of bacteria.
Gemmatimonas is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and non-spore-forming genus of bacteria from the family of Gemmatimonaceae.
The Thermodesulfobacteriaceae are a family of sulfate-reducing bacteria.
The Treponemataceae are a family of spirochete bacteria. The clade includes a number of significant pathogens, such as Treponemapallidum, the cause of human syphilis.