Platelet storage pool deficiency

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Platelet storage pool deficiency
Other namesStorage pool platelet disease [1]
Autosomal dominant - en.svg
Platelet storage pool deficiency is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner
Specialty Hematology   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Symptoms Anemia [1]
CausesInherited or acquired [1]
Diagnostic method Flow cytometry, Bleeding time analysis [1]
TreatmentAntifibrinolytic medications [2] [1]

Platelet storage pool deficiency is a family of clotting disorders characterized by deficient granules in platelets. Individuals with these disorders have too few or abnormally functioning alpha granules, delta granules, or both alpha and delta granules and are therefore unable to form effective clots, which leads to prolonged bleeding. [3] [4] Platelet storage pool deficiency can be acquired or inherited. [3]

Contents

Symptoms and signs

Anemia Iron deficiency anemia blood film.jpg
Anemia

The symptoms individuals with platelet storage pool deficiency may experience include the following: [4]

Severity can vary widely from person to person, and individuals with platelet storage pool deficiency may not experience all of the above symptoms. [3]

Cause

Hairy cell leukemia Hairy cell leukemia.jpg
Hairy cell leukemia

Platelet storage pool deficiency can be acquired or inherited. Inheritance may be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, depending on the specific disorder.

Some of the causes of platelet storage pool deficiency when acquired are: [5]

Mechanism

Platelet structure Platelet structure.png
Platelet structure

In terms of the pathophysiology of platelet storage pool deficiency one must consider several factors including the human body's normal function prior to such a deficiency, such as platelet alpha-granules[ citation needed ] one of three types of platelet secretory granule. [6]

Platelet α–granules are important in platelet activity. α–granules connect with plasma membrane. This in turn increases the size of the platelet. Platelet α–granules have an important role in hemostasis as well as thrombosis. SNARE accessory proteins control the secretion of α–granule. [6]

Diagnosis

On for example optical densitometry, a first and second wave of platelet aggregation is seen, in this case for an ADP-initiated aggregation. The second wave is absent in platelet storage pool deficiency. First and second wave of platelet aggregation.png
On for example optical densitometry, a first and second wave of platelet aggregation is seen, in this case for an ADP-initiated aggregation. The second wave is absent in platelet storage pool deficiency.

The diagnosis of this condition can be done via the following: [1]

Platelet aggregation function by disorders and agonists   edit
ADP Epinephrine Collagen Ristocetin
P2Y receptor defect [7] (including Clopidogrel)DecreasedNormalNormalNormal
Adrenergic receptor defect [7] NormalDecreasedNormalNormal
Collagen receptor defect [7] NormalNormalDecreased or absentNormal
NormalNormalNormalDecreased or absent
DecreasedDecreasedDecreasedNormal or decreased
Storage pool deficiency [8] Absent second wavePartial
Aspirin or aspirin-like disorderAbsent second waveAbsentNormal

Types

This condition may involve the alpha granules or the dense granules. [9] Some common inherited disorders associated with each include the following:

Flow cytometry analysis FACS-toestel.JPG
Flow cytometry analysis

Treatment

Platelet storage pool deficiency usually requires no daily treatment, although many individuals with heavy menstrual bleeding take hormonal contraceptives to reduce menstrual symptoms. [15] However, management of uncontrolled bleeding consists of antifibrinolytic medications or transfusion of normal blood products. Additionally, caution should be taken with usage of NSAIDS, since they thin the blood and further impair clotting. [1] [2]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Alpha Delta Granule Deficiency". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
  2. 1 2 Kirchmaier, Carl Maximilian; Pillitteri, Daniele (October 2010). "Diagnosis and Management of Inherited Platelet Disorders". Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. 37 (5): 237–246. doi:10.1159/000320257. ISSN   1660-3796. PMC   2980508 . PMID   21113246.
  3. 1 2 3 "Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency" (PDF). National Hemophilia Foundation. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  4. 1 2 "Platelet Function Disorders". health.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  5. ↑ Konkle, Barbara (10 December 2011). "Acquired disorders of platelet function" . Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2011 (1): 391–396. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.391. PMID   22160063 – via Ash Publications.
  6. 1 2 Blair, Price; Flaumenhaft, Robert (2009). "Platelet alpha-granules: basic biology and clinical correlates". Blood Reviews. 23 (4): 177–189. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2009.04.001. ISSN   1532-1681. PMC   2720568 . PMID   19450911.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Borhany, Munira; Pahore, Zaen; ul Qadr, Zeeshan; Rehan, Muhammad; Naz, Arshi; Khan, Asif; Ansari, Saqib; Farzana, Tasneem; Nadeem, Muhammad; Raza, Syed Amir; Shamsi, Tahir (2010). "Bleeding disorders in the tribe: result of consanguineous in breeding". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 5 (1). doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-23 . ISSN   1750-1172. PMID   20822539.
  8. 1 2 "Why Perform Platelet Aggregation?". Helena Biosciences. 2015
  9. ↑ William B. Coleman; Gregory J. Tsongalis (2009). Molecular pathology: the molecular basis of human disease. Academic Press. pp. 258–. ISBN   978-0-12-374419-7 . Retrieved 2 November 2010.
  10. ↑ "Gray platelet syndrome". Orphanet. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
  11. ↑ "OMIM Entry - # 601709 - Quebec Platelet Disorder". www.omim.org. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  12. ↑ Kaushansky K, Lichtman M, Beutler E, Kipps T, Prchal J, Seligsohn U. (2010; edition 8: pages 1946–1948) Williams Hematology. McGraw-Hill. ISBN   978-0-07-162151-9
  13. ↑ Huizing, Marjan; Malicdan, May Christine V.; Gochuico, Bernadette R.; Gahl, William A. (1993). "Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome". In Adam, Margaret P.; Ardinger, Holly H.; Pagon, Roberta A.; Wallace, Stephanie E.; Bean, Lora J.H.; Mefford, Heather C.; Stephens, Karen; Amemiya, Anne; Ledbetter, Nikki (eds.). GeneReviews. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle. PMID   20301464.update 2017
  14. ↑ "Chédiak Higashi syndrome". Orphanet. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  15. ↑ "More Than a Bloody Nose: Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency". Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Retrieved 2024-09-02.

Further reading

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