Potassium argentocyanide

Last updated
Potassium argentocyanide
KAg(CN)2.svg
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.316 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 208-047-0
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2CN.Ag.K/c2*1-2;;/q2*-1;2*+1
  • [C-]#N.[C-]#N.[K+].[Ag+]
Properties
KAg(CN)2
Molar mass 199.001 g/mol
AppearanceWhite crystals
Density 2.36 g/cm3
Soluble
Solubility Insoluble in acids
1.625
Hazards
Safety data sheet (SDS) CAMEO Chemicals MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
Potassium dicyanoaurate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Potassium argentocyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula KAg(CN)2. A white solid, it is the K+ salt of the linear coordination complex [Ag(CN)2]-. It forms upon treatment of virtually any silver salt with two equivalents of potassium cyanide.

Uses and reactions

KAg(CN)2 is significant adventitious product of gold mining using cyanide as an extractant. [1]

It can be used in silver plating, as a bactericide, and in the manufacture of antiseptics. [2]

It forms a variety of coordination polymers, a property that exploits the bridging tendency of the cyanide ligand. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyanide</span> Any molecule with a cyano group (–C≡N)

In chemistry, a cyanide is a chemical compound that contains a C≡N functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium ferrocyanide</span> Chemical compound

Potassium ferrocyanide is the inorganic compound with formula K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O. It is the potassium salt of the coordination complex [Fe(CN)6]4−. This salt forms lemon-yellow monoclinic crystals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium cyanide</span> Chemical compound

Sodium cyanide is a poisonous compound with the formula NaCN. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.

In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group. The prefix cyano- is used interchangeably with the term nitrile in industrial literature. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds, including methyl cyanoacrylate, used in super glue, and nitrile rubber, a nitrile-containing polymer used in latex-free laboratory and medical gloves. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Organic compounds containing multiple nitrile groups are known as cyanocarbons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium cyanide</span> Chemical compound

Potassium cyanide is a compound with the formula KCN. This colorless crystalline salt, similar in appearance to sugar, is highly soluble in water. Most KCN is used in gold mining, organic synthesis, and electroplating. Smaller applications include jewellery for chemical gilding and buffing.

Cuprate loosely refers to a material that can be viewed as containing anionic copper complexes. Examples include tetrachloridocuprate ([CuCl4]2−), the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7, and the organocuprates (e.g., dimethylcuprate [Cu(CH3)2]). The term cuprates derives from the Latin word for copper, cuprum. The term is mainly used in three contexts: oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyanate</span> Anion with formula OCN and charge –1

Cyanate is an anion with the structural formula [O=C=N], usually written OCN. It also refers to any salt containing it, such as ammonium cyanate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrocyanide</span> Anion in which a Fe2+ ion is complexed by 6 CN− ions

Ferrocyanide is the name of the anion [Fe(CN)6]4−. Salts of this coordination complex give yellow solutions. It is usually available as the salt potassium ferrocyanide, which has the formula K4Fe(CN)6. [Fe(CN)6]4− is a diamagnetic species, featuring low-spin iron(II) center in an octahedral ligand environment. Although many salts of cyanide are highly toxic, ferro- and ferricyanides are less toxic because they tend not to release free cyanide. It is of commercial interest as a precursor to the pigment Prussian blue and, as its potassium salt, an anticaking agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper(I) cyanide</span> Chemical compound

Copper(I) cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuCN. This off-white solid occurs in two polymorphs; impure samples can be green due to the presence of Cu(II) impurities. The compound is useful as a catalyst, in electroplating copper, and as a reagent in the preparation of nitriles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver cyanide</span> Chemical compound

Silver cyanide is the chemical compound with the formula AgCN. It is a white solid that precipitated upon treatment of solutions containing Ag+ with cyanide, which is used in some schemes to recover silver from solution. Silver cyanide is used in silver-plating.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coordination polymer</span> Polymer consisting of repeating units of a coordination complex

A coordination polymer is an inorganic or organometallic polymer structure containing metal cation centers linked by ligands. More formally a coordination polymer is a coordination compound with repeating coordination entities extending in 1, 2, or 3 dimensions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc cyanide</span> Chemical compound

Zinc cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Zn(CN)2. It is a white solid that is used mainly for electroplating zinc but also has more specialized applications for the synthesis of organic compounds.

Cobalt(II) cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Co(CN)2. It is coordination polymer that has attracted intermittent attention over many years in the area of inorganic synthesis and homogeneous catalysis.

Organogold chemistry is the study of compounds containing gold–carbon bonds. They are studied in academic research, but have not received widespread use otherwise. The dominant oxidation states for organogold compounds are I with coordination number 2 and a linear molecular geometry and III with CN = 4 and a square planar molecular geometry.

Cyanometallates or cyanometalates are a class of coordination compounds, most often consisting only of cyanide ligands. Most are anions. Cyanide is a highly basic and small ligand, hence it readily saturates the coordination sphere of metal ions. The resulting cyanometallate anions are often used as building blocks for more complex structures called coordination polymers, the best known example of which is Prussian blue, a common dyestuff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transition metal nitrile complexes</span> Class of coordination compounds containing nitrile ligands (coordinating via N)

Transition metal nitrile complexes are coordination compounds containing nitrile ligands. Because nitriles are weakly basic, the nitrile ligands in these complexes are often labile.

Potassium dicyanoaurate is an inorganic compound with formula K[Au(CN)2]. It is a colorless to white solid that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. The salt itself is often not isolated, but solutions of the dicyanoaurate ion ([Au(CN)2]) are generated on a large scale in the extraction of gold from its ores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium tetracyanonickelate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium tetracyanonickelate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2Ni(CN)4. It is usually encountered as the monohydrate but the anhydous salt is also known. Both are yellow, water-soluble, diamagnetic solids. The salt consists of potassium ions and the tetracyanonickelate coordination complex, which is square planar.

Magnesium cyanide is a chemical compound with the formula Mg(CN)2. It is a toxic white salt. It has been theorized that it is a nitrile compound, but it has been disproved. If heated to 500 °C, it decomposes to magnesium nitride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gold(I) cyanide</span> Chemical compound

Gold(I) cyanide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula AuCN. It is the binary cyanide of gold(I). It is an odourless, tasteless yellow solid. Wet gold(I) cyanide is unstable to light and will become greenish. Gold(I) cyanide itself is of only of academic interest, but its derivative dicyanoaurate is an intermediate in gold cyanidation, the extraction of gold from its ores.

References

  1. Liu, Wenqi; Jones, Leighton O.; Wu, Huang; Stern, Charlotte L.; Sponenburg, Rebecca A.; Schatz, George C.; Stoddart, J. Fraser (2021). "Supramolecular Gold Stripping from Activated Carbon Using α-Cyclodextrin". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 143 (4): 1984–1992. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c11769. PMID   33378203. S2CID   229930811.
  2. "Potassium Silver Cyanide". CAMEO Chemicals. NOAA.
  3. Shorrock, Carolyn J.; Xue, Bao-Yu; Kim, Peter B.; Batchelor, Raymond J.; Patrick, Brian O.; Leznoff, Daniel B. (2002). "Heterobimetallic Coordination Polymers Incorporating [M(CN)2]- (M = Cu, Ag) and [Ag2(CN)3]- Units: Increasing Structural Dimensionality via M−M' and M···NC Interactions". Inorganic Chemistry. 41 (25): 6743–6753. doi:10.1021/ic025850p. PMID   12470070.