Results of the 1998 Australian federal election (Senate)

Last updated

1998 Australian Senate elections
Flag of Australia (converted).svg
  1996 3 October 1998 2001  

40 of the 76 seats in the Australian Senate
39 seats needed for a majority
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Robert Hill (1).jpg John Faulkner.jpg No image.png
Leader Robert Hill John Faulkner Meg Lees
Party Liberal/National Coalition Labor Democrats
Leader's seat South Australia New South Wales South Australia
Seats before37297
Seats after34299
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 3Steady2.svg 0Increase2.svg 2
Popular vote4,189,6734,182,963947,940
Percentage37.36%37.31%8.45%
SwingDecrease2.svg 6.24%Increase2.svg 1.16%Decrease2.svg 2.37%

Australian Senate elected members, 1998.svg
Senators elected in the 1998 federal election

Leader of the Senate before election

Robert Hill
Liberal/National coalition

Elected Leader of the Senate

Robert Hill
Liberal/National coalition

The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian Senate at the 1998 federal election. Senators total 34 coalition (31 Liberal, two coalition National, one CLP), 29 Labor, one Green, one non-coalition National, nine Democrats, one Independent and one One Nation. [1] [2] [3] Senator terms are six years (three for territories), and took their seats from 1 July 1999, except the territories who took their seats immediately.

Contents

Australia

Senate (STV GV) — 1999–2002—Turnout 95.34% (CV) — Informal 3.24%
PartyVotes %SwingSeats
won
Seats
held
Change
  Labor 4,182,96337.31+1.161729Steady2.svg
  Liberal/National (Joint Ticket)2,452,40721.872.625 
  Liberal 1,528,73013.632.611131Steady2.svg
  National 208,5361.861.0103Decrease2.svg 2
  Country Liberal 36,0630.320.0511Steady2.svg
Liberal–National coalition 4,225,67337.706.271735Decrease2.svg 2
  One Nation 1,007,4398.99*11Increase2.svg 1
  Democrats 947,9408.452.3749Increase2.svg 2
  Greens 305,0582.720.4501Decrease2.svg 1
  Harradine Group 24,2540.220.0811Steady2.svg
Total11,211,903  4076
Invalid/blank votes375,1813.2
Turnout11,584,90995.3
Registered voters12,154,050
Source: AEC Election 2001

New South Wales

Elected#SenatorParty
1998
19981 Steve Hutchins  Labor
19982 Bill Heffernan  Liberal
19983 John Faulkner  Labor
19984 John Tierney  Liberal
19985 Aden Ridgeway  Democrats
19986 Michael Forshaw  Labor
1996
19961 Marise Payne  Liberal
19962 Suzanne West  Labor
19963 David Brownhill  National
19964 George Campbell  Labor
19965 Helen Coonan  Liberal
19966 Vicki Bourne  Democrats
1998 Australian federal election: Senate, New South Wales
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota 536,533
Labor 1. Steve Hutchins (elected 1)
2. John Faulkner (elected 3)
3. Michael Forshaw (elected 6)
4. Ursula Stephens
1,452,56038.7+1.5
Coalition 1. Bill Heffernan (Lib) (elected 2)
2. John Tierney (Lib) (elected 4)
3. Sandy Macdonald (Nat)
4. Concetta Fierravanti-Wells (Lib)
1,375,56336.6-4.8
One Nation 1. David Oldfield
2. Brian Burston
3. Bevan O'Regan
361,0099.6+9.6
Democrats 1. Aden Ridgeway (elected 5)
2. Matthew Baird
3. Suzzanne Reddy
4. David Mendelssohn
275,9107.4-2.1
Greens 1. John Sutton
2. Catherine Moore
3. Lee Rhiannon
4. Suzie Russell
81,6122.2-0.1
Unity 1. Jason Yat-Sen Li
2. Sonja Stockreiter
3. Sam McGuid
4. Kieran Ginges
5. Nicholas Hassapis
61,6071.6+1.6
Christian Democrats 1. Graham McLennan
2. Janne Petersen
3. Tom Allanson
4. Rex Morgan
5. Michael McLennan
58,0791.5-0.5
Australia First 1. Victor Shen
2. Greg Willson
29,6600.8+0.8
Democratic Socialist 1. Marina Carman
2. Peter Boyle
8,2210.2+0.2
Reclaim Australia 1. Rodney Smith
2. Edwin Woodger
8,0190.2-1.0
Nuclear Disarmament 1. Michael Denborough
2. Yvonne Francis
6,4890.2+0.2
Abolish Child Support 1. Justice Abolish
2. Richard Mezinec
5,8100.2+0.2
Group G1. Malcolm Lees
2. Warwick Rankin
5,7450.2+0.2
No Aircraft Noise 1. Chris Nash
2. Jane Waddell
5,0350.1-0.4
Natural Law 1. Richard Nolan
2. Bev Seymour
4,6020.10.0
Citizens Electoral Council 1. Robert Butler
2. Glenys Collins
3. Lindsay Cosgrove
4,4030.1+0.1
Group J1. David Mouldfield
2. Paul-Ian Handsome
2,7860.1+0.1
Independent Pauline Pantsdown 2,2950.1+0.1
Socialist Equality 1. Nick Beams
2. Carol Divjak
1,8080.1+0.1
Group D1. Mick Gallagher
2. John Mawson
1,6900.1+0.1
Group S1. Graeme Melville
2. Philip Broadbridge
8080.00.0
Group P1. Patricia Poulos
2. John Holley
7080.00.0
Group R1. Robert Schollbach
2. Amanda Stirling
4150.00.0
Independent Mehmet Yaglipinar2560.00.0
Independent Paul Sarks1650.00.0
Independent Richard Ross1330.00.0
Independent Ron Poulsen1170.00.0
Independent Adrian Vaughan720.00.0
Independent Party Parslow590.00.0
Independent Stani Joseph540.00.0
Independent Tom Kumar350.00.0
Total formal votes3,755,72596.7+0.5
Informal votes128,6083.3-0.5
Turnout 3,884,33396.3-0.4

Victoria

Elected#SenatorParty
1998
19981 Stephen Conroy  Labor
19982 Judith Troeth  Liberal
19983 Kim Carr  Labor
19984 Julian McGauran  National
19985 Jacinta Collins  Labor
19986 Tsebin Tchen  Liberal
1996
19961 Richard Alston  Liberal
19962 Robert Ray  Labor
19963 Rod Kemp  Liberal
19964 Barney Cooney  Labor
19965 Kay Patterson  Liberal
19966 Lyn Allison  Democrats
1998 Australian federal election: Senate, Victoria
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota 406,175
Labor 1. Stephen Conroy (elected 1)
2. Kim Carr (elected 3)
3. Jacinta Collins (elected 5)
4. Wendy Boyle
1,153,16140.6+0.8
Coalition 1. Judith Troeth (Lib) (elected 2)
2. Julian McGauran (Nat) (elected 4)
3. Tsebin Tchen (Lib) (elected 6)
4. Karen Synon (Lib)
5. Dino de Marchi (Lib)
6. Anna Macgowan (Lib)
1,076,84137.9-3.5
Democrats 1. Jim Downey
2. Matthew Townsend
3. Ken Saunders
4. Alison Harcourt
279,7889.8-1.1
One Nation 1. Robyn Spencer
2. Ben Buckley
117,0484.1+4.1
Greens 1. Charmaine Clarke
2. David Risstrom
3. Liz Conor
70,8722.5-0.4
Shooters 1. Graham Eames
2. Neville Sayers
3. Alan Hutchison
4. Graeme Forbes
34,4341.2+0.5
Democratic Labor 1. John Mulholland
2. Pat Crea
29,8941.1-0.2
Unity 1. Bill Cope
2. Phong Nguyen
3. Wellington Lee
4. Ricci Stewart
5. Markham Rose
6. Vivien Cerolini
7. Naji Imam
8. Mary Kalantzis
20,6030.7+0.7
Christian Democrats 1. Graham Murray
2. Ken Cook
13,8810.5-0.1
Women's Party 1. Deb Nicholson
2. Pat O'Brien
9,7110.3+0.3
Australian Bill of Rights1. Eric Bullmore
2. David Sydenham
9,3140.3+0.3
Australia First 1. Denis McCormack
2. Colin Godfrey
6,0810.2+0.2
Reform 1. Ray Matheson
2. Ted Drane
5,2080.2+0.2
Nuclear Disarmament 1. Gareth Smith
2. Jacob Grech
3,1960.1+0.1
Abolish Child Support 1. Abboud Haidar
2. John Abbotto
3,0940.1+0.1
Natural Law 1. Byron Rigby
2. Raymond Schlager
3. Lorna Scurfield
2,6070.1+0.1
Democratic Socialist 1. Jo Williams
2. Vannessa Hearman
2,2940.10.1
Group B1. Joe Toscano
2. Steve Roper
2,2050.10.0
Socialist Equality 1. Sue Phillips
2. Wil Marshall
1,3920.00.0
Citizens Electoral Council 1. Craig Isherwood
2. Robert Barwick
8210.00.0
Independent Cecil G. Murgatroyd 3890.00.0
Independent Malcolm McClure1680.00.0
Independent Graham Smith820.00.0
Independent M H Pech670.00.0
Independent David Heffron540.00.0
Total formal votes2,843,21896.2-0.2
Informal votes111,4863.8+0.2
Turnout 2,952,73596.50.0

Queensland

Elected#SenatorParty
1998
19981 Jan McLucas  Labor
19982 Warwick Parer  Liberal
19983 Heather Hill  One Nation
19984 Joe Ludwig  Labor
19985 Brett Mason  Liberal
19986 John Woodley  Democrats
1996
19961 Ian Macdonald  Liberal
19962 John Hogg  Labor
19963 Ron Boswell  National
19964 John Herron  Liberal
19965 Brenda Gibbs  Labor
19966 Andrew Bartlett  Democrats
1998 Australian federal election: Senate, Queensland
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota 286,245
Labor 1. Jan McLucas (elected 1)
2. Joe Ludwig (elected 4)
3. Jann Piasecki
654,62332.7+2.3
Liberal 1. Warwick Parer (elected 2)
2. Brett Mason (elected 5)
3. David MacGibbon
4. Deborah Kember
570,69228.5-6.9
One Nation 1. Heather Hill (elected 3)
2. Len Harris
3. Sue Gordon
4. David Anning
5. Barry Evans
297,24514.9+14.9
National 1. Bill O'Chee
2. Thomas Bradley
3. Teresa Cobb
190,6629.5-5.5
Democrats 1. John Woodley (elected 6)
2. John Cherry
3. Megan Bathurst
156,4517.8-5.4
Greens 1. Drew Hutton
2. Desiree Mahoney
3. Chris Gwin
42,2642.1-0.3
Christian Democrats 1. John Bradford
2. Kerry Blackman
3. Judy McKenzie
28,8261.4+0.9
Queensland First1. David Colston
2. Dawn Colston
11,5540.6+0.6
Unity 1. Harry Fong
2. Chris Toogood
9,4870.5+0.5
Women's Party 1. Mary Kelly
2. Jenny Hughey
9,1030.5-0.2
One Australia 1. Mario Zocchi
2. Ray Buckley
7,5720.4+0.2
Abolish Child Support 1. Bruce the Family
2. Steve Southall
4,9050.2+0.2
Australia First 1. Eric Nagle
2. Klaus Duke
4,8970.2+0.2
Democratic Socialist 1. Andy Gianniotis
2. Coral Wynter
4,3940.2+0.2
Family Law Reform 1. Barry Weedon
2. Robyn Somers
2,3260.1+0.1
Reform 1. Brenda Moloney
2. Terry Fleming
2,0110.1+0.1
Citizens Electoral Council 1. Maurice Hetherington
2. Ray Gillham
1,7850.1+0.1
Natural Law 1. Geoff Wilson
2. Dorothy McKenzie
1,7820.1+0.1
Group B1. Jan Linsley
2. Percy Meredith
9410.00.0
Group C1. Noel Payne
2. Jim Pavier
6850.00.0
Group S1. Selwyn Johnston
2. Aaron Johnston
6610.00.0
Independent Michelle MacNevin4840.00.0
Independent Kenny Dalton1470.00.0
Independent Bryan Peach1410.00.0
Independent Terry Sharples510.00.0
Independent Doug Hodgetts210.00.0
Total formal votes2,003,71097.0+0.3
Informal votes62,7543.0-0.3
Turnout 2,066,46494.9-0.2

Western Australia

Elected#SenatorParty
1998
19981 Chris Ellison  Liberal
19982 Peter Cook  Labor
19983 Ian Campbell  Liberal
19984 Chris Evans  Labor
19985 Brian Greig  Democrats
19986 Sue Knowles  Liberal
1996
19961 Winston Crane  Liberal
19962 Jim McKiernan  Labor
19963 Ross Lightfoot  Liberal
19964 Mark Bishop  Labor
19965 Alan Eggleston  Liberal
19966 Andrew Murray  Democrats
1998 Australian federal election: Senate, Western Australia
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota 151,974
Liberal 1. Chris Ellison (elected 1)
2. Ian Campbell (elected 3)
3. Sue Knowles (elected 6)
4. Ivan Ivankovic
408,69638.2-7.6
Labor 1. Peter Cook (elected 2)
2. Chris Evans (elected 4)
3. Rhonda Griffiths
4. Sue Ellery
5. Lois Anderson
6. Chilip Foo
368,82134.7+0.7
One Nation 1. John Fischer
2. Colin Tincknell
3. Martin Suter
110,23110.4+10.4
Democrats 1. Brian Greig (elected 5)
2. Stephen Crabbe
3. Margot Clifford
68,0576.4-3.0
Greens 1. Dee Margetts
2. Kayt Davies
3. Alison Xamon
61,0295.70.0
National 1. Beryle Morgan
2. Dudley Maslen
13,4281.3-0.8
Christian Democrats 1. Justin Moseley
2. Peter Johnson
10,2581.0+0.3
Group N1. Kate Hobbs
2. Morris Bessant
4,2740.4+0.4
Democratic Socialist 1. Sarah Stephen
2. Roberto Jorquera
4,2370.4+0.4
Shooters 1. Raymond Motteram
2. Ken Taylor
3,7510.3+0.3
Unity 1. Ted Wilkes
2. Mai-Yie Leung
3. Michael Carey
2,2700.2+0.2
Abolish Child Support 1. Brendan Griffin
2. Sam Johnson
1,9400.2+0.2
Citizens Electoral Council 1. Tony Drake
2. Jean Robinson
1,4960.1+0.1
Group O1. Joan Torr
2. Roger Pratt
1,2060.1+0.1
Republican 1. Michael O'Donnell
2. Kerry McNally
1,0230.1+0.1
Taxi Operators1. Alan Bateson
2. Rick Finney
5490.1+0.1
Independent Rod Garcia3850.00.0
Total formal votes1,063,81197.3+0.8
Informal votes29,3522.7-0.8
Turnout 1,093,16395.8+0.2

South Australia

Elected#SenatorParty
1998
19981 Amanda Vanstone  Liberal
19982 Nick Bolkus  Labor
19983 Nick Minchin  Liberal
19984 John Quirke  Labor
19985 Meg Lees  Democrats
19986 Alan Ferguson  Liberal
1996
19961 Robert Hill  Liberal
19962 Rosemary Crowley  Labor
19963 Natasha Stott Despoja  Democrats
19964 Grant Chapman  Liberal
19965 Chris Schacht  Labor
19966 Jeannie Ferris  Liberal
1998 Australian federal election: Senate, South Australia
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota 135,260
Liberal 1. Amanda Vanstone (elected 1)
2. Nick Minchin (elected 3)
3. Alan Ferguson (elected 6)
4. Joy De Leo
383,63740.5-5.3
Labor 1. Nick Bolkus (elected 2)
2. John Quirke (elected 4)
3. Bill Hender
303,29932.0-0.2
Democrats 1. Meg Lees (elected 5)
2. Michael Pilling
3. Alex Bowie
4. Natalija Apponyi
117,61912.4-2.1
One Nation 1. Len Spencer
2. Malcolm Rumbelow
3. Monica Reimann
91,9119.7+9.7
Greens 1. Craig Wilkins
2. Michelle Drummond
20,8952.2+0.2
Christian Democrats 1. Bob Randall
2. Colin Sinclair
9,5981.0+0.3
Australia First 1. Peter Davis
2. Bill Fradd
6,1270.6+0.6
National 1. Ellis Wayland
Robin Dixon-Thompson
4,4450.5+0.5
Democratic Socialist 1. Melanie Sjoberg
2. Kathy Newnam
4,2560.4+0.4
Group E1. Chris Harms
2. Kirsti Harms
1,4870.1+0.1
Group L1. Bernice Pfitzner
2. Erik Eriksen
3. Sean Heylen
1,4660.1+0.1
Citizens Electoral Council 1. Tommy Tonkin
2. Pompeo Feleppa
8980.1+0.1
Group D1. Lindsay Simmons
2. Pat Brown
6250.1+0.1
Independent Neil Russell-Taylor3090.00.0
Independent Graham Neave2450.00.0
Total formal votes946,81697.2+0.5
Informal votes27,4242.8-0.5
Turnout 974,24096.8+0.4

Tasmania

Elected#SenatorParty
1998
19981 Kerry O'Brien  Labor
19982 Eric Abetz  Liberal
19983 Shayne Murphy  Labor
19984 Brian Gibson  Liberal
19985 Brian Harradine  Independent
19986 Kay Denman  Labor
1996
19961 Jocelyn Newman  Liberal
19962 Sue Mackay  Labor
19963 Paul Calvert  Liberal
19964 Nick Sherry  Labor
19965 John Watson  Liberal
19966 Bob Brown  Greens
1998 Australian federal election: Senate, Tasmania
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota 44,054
Labor 1. Kerry O'Brien (elected 1)
2. Shayne Murphy (elected 3)
3. Kay Denman (elected 6)
128,37741.6+2.5
Liberal 1. Eric Abetz (elected 2)
2. Brian Gibson (elected 4)
3. Guy Barnett
4. Peter Collenette
104,26833.8-8.4
Independent Brian Harradine (elected 5)24,2547.9+7.9
Greens 1. Louise Crossley
2. Simon Baptist
17,9055.8-2.9
Democrats 1. Robert Bell
2. Debbie Butler
3. Chris Ivory
12,1073.9-3.2
One Nation 1. Peter Stokes
2. Michael Cartwright
3. Leigh Spicer
11,6553.7+3.7
Tasmania First 1. David Pickford
2. David Jackson
3. Petita Abblitt
4,5481.5+1.5
Abolish Child Support 1. Ian Hickman
2. Fred Lombardi
1,7500.5+0.5
Christian Democrats 1. Don Rogers
2. Beryl Rogers
9450.3-0.2
Women's Party 1. Lin MacQueen
2. Carolyn Bindon
8040.2-0.4
Democratic Socialist 1. Kamala Emanuel
2. Ian Jamieson
7540.2+0.2
Independent Norma Jamieson 6590.2+0.2
Republican 1. Jenny Sheridan
2. Rena Dare
2490.1+0.1
Independent Laurie Heathorn750.00.0
Independent Steven Suli270.00.0
Total formal votes308,37797.0+0.2
Informal votes9,7043.0-0.2
Turnout 318,08196.5-0.4

Australian Capital Territory

Elected#SenatorParty
1998
19981 Kate Lundy  Labor
19982 Margaret Reid  Liberal
1998 Australian federal election: Senate, Australian Capital Territory
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota 65,679
Labor 1. Kate Lundy (elected 1)
2. Peter Conway
83,86742.60.0
Liberal 1. Margaret Reid (elected 2)
2. Gayle Richards
61,38531.2-7.8
Democrats 1. Rick Farley
2. Wayne Sievers
32,83316.9+6.7
One Nation 1. Estelle O'Brien
2. Jeremy Leyland
9,6214.8+4.8
Greens 1. Deb Foskey
2. Lesley Christian
6,3853.2-2.6
Independent John Miller9230.5+0.5
Women's Party 1. Annette Haridan
2. Susanne Edwards
8760.4+0.4
Abolish Child Support 1. Peter Rogers
2. Anthony Hardy
8680.4+0.4
Independent Cec Harris1700.1+0.1
Independent Andrew Edgar1070.1+0.1
Total formal votes197,03598.0+0.5
Informal votes3,9522.0-0.5
Turnout 200,98796.3+0.1

Northern Territory

Elected#SenatorParty
1998
19981 Trish Crossin  Labor
19982 Grant Tambling  CLP
1998 Australian federal election: Senate, Northern Territory
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota 31,001
Labor 1. Trish Crossin (elected 1)
2. Charlie Phillips
38,25941.2-3.9
Country Liberal 1. Grant Tambling (elected 2)
2. Maisie Austin
36,06338.8-7.9
One Nation 1. Ted Hagger
2. Dee Mills
8,6579.3+9.3
Democrats 1. Victor Edwards
2. Peter Clements
5,1195.5+3.7
Greens 1. Lex Martin
2. Andy Gough
4,2324.5-1.9
Independent Jonathan Polke6720.7+0.7
Total formal votes93,00298.0+0.8
Informal votes1,9012.0-0.8
Turnout 94,90390.6+1.4

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The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian Senate at the 1996 federal election. Senators total 35 coalition, 29 Labor, two Green, two non-coalition National, seven Democrats, and one Independent. Senator terms are six years, and took their seats from 1 July 1996, except the territories who took their seats immediately.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Results of the 1993 Australian federal election (Senate)</span> Australian federal election results

The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian Senate at the 1993 federal election. Senators total 34 coalition, 30 Labor, two Green, two non-coalition National, seven Democrats, and one Independent. Senator terms are six years, and took their seats from 1 July 1993, except the territories who took their seats immediately.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Results of the 1990 Australian federal election (Senate)</span> Australian federal election results

The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian Senate at the 1990 federal election. Senators total 31 coalition, 32 Labor, one WA Green, three non-coalition National, eight Democrats, and one independent. Senator terms are six years, and took their seats from 1 July 1990, except the territories who took their seats immediately.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Results of the 1987 Australian federal election (Senate)</span> Australian federal election results

The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian Senate at the 1987 federal election. This election was a Double dissolution, which means that all 12 senators from each state were up for election. Senators total 29 coalition, 32 Labor, one Jo Vallentine Peace Group, four non-coalition National, seven Democrats, one Nuclear Disarmament and one Independent. Territory Senators served until the next federal election. State Senator terms were nominally three or six years, backdated from 1 July 1987. The Senate used the order-elected method to allocate three- and six-year seats, despite provisions for the AEC to conduct a special recount.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Results of the 1984 Australian federal election (Senate)</span> Australian federal election results

The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian Senate at the 1984 federal election. Senators total 29 coalition, 34 Labor, one Nuclear Disarmament Party, four non-coalition National, seven Democrats, and one Independent. Senator terms are six years, and all took their seats immediately due to the expansion of the senate from 64 to 76 members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Results of the 1983 Australian federal election (Senate)</span> Australian federal election results

The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian Senate at the 1983 Australian federal election. Senators total 25 coalition, 30 Labor, three non-coalition National, five Democrats, and one Independent. Senate terms are six years. As the election was the result of a double dissolution, all 64 senate seats were vacant. All elected senators took their seats immediately with a backdated starting date of 1 July 1982, except for the territorial senators who took their seats at the election. Half of the senators elected in each state were allocated 3-year terms to restore the rotation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Results of the 1980 Australian federal election (Senate)</span> Australian federal election results

The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian Senate at the 1980 federal election. Senators total 31 coalition, 27 Labor, two non-coalition National, five Democrats, and one Independent. Senator terms are six years. Senators elected at this election began their terms on 1 July 1981, except for the territorial senators who took their seats at the election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Next Australian federal election</span> Election for the 48th Parliament of Australia

The next Australian federal election will be held some time in or before 2025 to elect members of the 48th Parliament of Australia. All 151 seats in the House of Representatives and likely 40 of the 76 seats in the Senate will be contested. It is expected that at this election, the Labor government of Prime Minister Anthony Albanese will be seeking re-election to a second term in office, opposed by the Liberal/National Coalition under Leader of the Opposition Peter Dutton.

References

  1. Bennett, S; Newman, G; Kopras, A (16 February 1999). "Federal Elections 1998" (PDF). Research Paper 9 1998-99. Parliamentary Research Service. ISSN   1328-7478 . Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  2. "1998 Senate". Psephos Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  3. 1996 Senators elected - AEC