Rock thrush

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Rock thrushes
Monticola brevipes, Namibia 1.jpg
Male short-toed rock thrush (Monticola brevipes)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Muscicapidae
Genus: Monticola
F. Boie, 1822
Type species
Turdus saxatilis
Linnaeus, 1766
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • PseudocossyphusF Boie, 1826

The rock thrushes, Monticola, are a genus of chats, medium-sized mostly insectivorous or omnivorous songbirds. All are Old World birds, and most are associated with mountainous regions.

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus Monticola was erected by the German naturalist Friedrich Boie in 1822. Boie listed two species, saxatilis and cyanus but did not designate the type species. [1] In 1826 Boie introduced a different genus name, Petrocossyphus, containing a single species, Turdus saxatilis Linnaeus. [2] This new genus name was not accepted by other ornithologists as according to Hugh Edwin Strickland: "The former name ought therefore to stand, as authors ought no more to alter their own generic names when once published than those of others". [3] The type species of the genus Monticola is Turdus saxatilis Linnaeus, the common rock thrush. [4] [5] Monticola is the Latin word for mountain-dweller or mountaineer. [6]

The genus was formerly included in the thrush family Turdidae, [7] but molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2004 and 2010 showed that the species are more closely related to members of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. [8] [9]

The genus contains the following species: [10]

ImageCommon NameScientific NameDistribution
Blue-capped rock thrush (Monticola cinclorhyncha) 037.jpg Blue-capped rock thrush Monticola cinclorhynchaHimalayas; winters to western and eastern Ghats
4G4A2289.jpg White-throated rock thrush Monticola gularis Manchuria
Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush Male at Almora DSCN8228 11.jpg Chestnut-bellied rock thrush Monticola rufiventrisHimalayas, Patkai and southern China
Monticola brevipes.jpg Short-toed rock thrush Monticola brevipesarid areas of southwestern Angola and southern Africa
Monticola explorator -Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa -male-8.jpg Sentinel rock thrush Monticola exploratorsouthern Africa
Amber mountain rock thrush (Monticola sharpei erythronotus) male 2.jpg Amber Mountain rock thrush Monticola erythronotus Amber Mountain, Madagascar
Forest Rock-Thrush (Monticola sharpei), Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.jpg Forest rock thrush Monticola sharpeiMadagascar
Benson's rock thrush (Monticola sharpei bensoni).jpg Benson's rock thrush Monticola sharpei bensonisouthern-central Madagascar
Littoral Rock Thrush, Ambola, Madagascar 2.jpg Littoral rock thrush Monticola imerinasouthern coastal Madagascar
Monticola rufocinereus.jpg Little rock thrush Monticola rufocinereuseastern Afromontane
Codirossone 1-Passo dello Spluga (SO).png Common rock thrush Monticola saxatilistemperate rocky regions of Palearctic; winters to Africa
Blue Rock Thrush (Monticola solitarius) (27649993912).jpg Blue rock thrush Monticola solitariustemperate and elevated areas of Palearctic;
winters to Africa, Arabia and Indomalaya
Monticola rupestris -Marakele National Park, South Africa -male-8 (1).jpg Cape rock thrush Monticola rupestrissouthern Africa
Miombo Rock-Thrush, Kakanda, DRC (5812572406).jpg Miombo rock thrush Monticola angolensis Miombo woodlands
Myrmecocichla semirufa -Ethiopia-8 (cropped).jpg White-winged cliff chat Monticola semirufus Ethiopian Highlands

Fossil record

Monticola pongraczi (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary) [11]

References

  1. Boie, F. (1822). "Ueber Classification, insonderheit der europäischen Vogel". Isis von Oken (in German). 10–11. Col. 552.
  2. Boie, Friedrich (1826). "Generalübersicht der ornithologischen Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen". Isis von Oken (in German). 19. Cols 969–981 [972].
  3. Strickland, Hugh Edwin (1841). "Commentary on Mr. G.R. Gray's Genera of Birds. 1840 (continued)". Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7: 26-41 [26].
  4. Gray, George Robert (1847). The Genera of Birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera. Vol. 1. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 220. The title page has 1849. For the publication date see Bruce, Murray D. (2023). "The Genera of Birds (1844–1849) by George Robert Gray: A review of its part publication, dates, new nominal taxa, suppressed content and other details". Sherbornia. 8 (1): 1–93 [18].
  5. Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr. (1964). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 135.
  6. Jobling, James A. "Monticola". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  7. Dickinson, E.C., ed. (2003). The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World (3rd ed.). London: Christopher Helm. ISBN   978-0-7136-6536-9.
  8. Voelker, G.; Spellman, G.M. (2004). "Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA evidence of polyphyly in the avian superfamily Muscicapoidea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (2): 386–394. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00191-X. PMID   14715230.
  9. Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. (2010). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (1): 380–392. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008. PMID   20656044.
  10. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (February 2025). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". IOC World Bird List Version 15.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  11. Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.

Further reading