TATA Kestrel

Last updated

TATA Kestrel
WHAP During Defence Expo 2018.jpg
TATA Kestral prototype with BMP-2 turret
TypeWheeled armored personnel carrier
Place of origin India
Service history
In service2017-Present
Used by Indian Army
Central Reserve Police Force
Production history
Designer
Manufacturer Tata Advanced Systems Limited
Produced2014-Present
No. built30
Specifications (TATA Kestrel)
Mass24 tonnes (26 tons)
Length7.85 metres (25.8 ft)
Width3.00 metres (9.84 ft)
Height2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in)
Crew3+ 9 passengers

Armor Applique and composites along with welded steel

Modular armour for ballistic protection ranging between stanag level I to IV

And Mine protection of level III

Contents

Main
armament
30mm automatic cannon (not included for CRPF variant)
Secondary
armament
7.62 mm coaxial machine gun
Engine Cummins ISXe 600 diesel engine
600 Hp @ 1800-2000RPM / 2508nm torque @ 1100-1600RPM
Power/weight23hp/ton
TransmissionAllison 4500SP automatic transmission
SuspensionLive axle with Independent Hydropneumatic suspension
Ground clearance0.45 meters
Operational
range
500km (Onroad)
250km (Offroad)
Maximum speed 100 km/h (62 mph) on road
10 km/h (6.2 mph) in water
References [1]

The TATA Kestrel, also known as the IPMV (Infantry Protected Mobility Vehicle), is a family of armoured personnel carriers developed by Tata Advanced Systems and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It was developed to replace Soviet-era BMP-1 and BMP-2 and APCs in service with the Indian Army. [2]

History

The Indian Army currently has large fleet of BMP-1, BMP-2, and various types of APCs of Soviet origin. Over time, these vehicles have become obsolete and incapable of taking on the challenge of modern-day warfare. At the same time many superior designs have evolved in Western nations. Tata Motors and DRDO developed the Kestrel vehicle in partnership with Supacat to meet army requirements. [3]

The vehicle was first shown at the Defexpo 2014 convention, showing a Kongsberg PROTECTOR MCT-30R turret and a M151 Remote Weapon Station equipped with Javelin. [4]

In October 2019, the Indian Ministry of Defence cleared the Kestrel for production and export to friendly nations. The Indian Army planned to acquire 200 Kestrels. [5]

Operational history

As tensions continue to escalate between India and China over the de facto Line of Actual Control, DRDO-TATA Kestrel (WhAP), landed at Ladakh to undergo cold-weather trials. [6] The first batch of WhAPs were inducted into the army on 12 April 2022 at Bombay Engineer Group (BEG) and Centre, Pune by the then Chief of the Army Staff General Manoj Mukund Naravane. [7] [8] [9] [10]

WhAP was inducted into Central Reserve Police Force's 110 Battalion at Pulwama, Kashmir in August 2023. [11] [12]

Reportedly, as of August 2024, the Army is planning to order another batch of 105 WhAPs from Tata Advanced Systems Limited. [13] [14]

Design

Development of WhAP 8 × 8 Amphibious Wheeled Armoured Vehicle was taken up to provide common platform for various vehicle type like Wheeled APC, 30 mm Infantry Combat Vehicle, 105 mm Light Tank, command post vehicle, ambulance, special purpose platform, 120 mm mortar carrier, CBRN Vehicle based on the same chassis of Kestrel. [15]

Kestrel is designed for modern day warfare keeping in mind the crew survivability, protection against small arms fire, mobility and protection against concealed explosives. The armour is made up of applique and composites along with welded steels. Additional armour kit can be applied in heavy firing zones. The hull floor is further strengthened to defeat mines and similar explosives. The seats are attached to the roof for improved blast protection. Fuel tanks are placed outside the troop compartment for additional safety.

The 8×8 wheel configuration is set on a hydropneumatic suspension utilizing double wishbone arrangement. All wheels have run flat capability to allow the vehicle to move even after suffering punctures. There are four axles, the front axle is steerable which minimizes the turning radius of the vehicle.

WHAP undergoing high speed maneuver test. WHAP During Defence Expo 2108.jpg
WHAP undergoing high speed maneuver test.

The glacis plate is very shallow, and the fuel tank is mounted outside the vehicle to improve survivability. A standard operating crew of two including driver and commander, with a full mechanized squad of 12 members. [1] Anti-blast seats are installed to absorb any shocks and secondary slams, reducing brain and spinal injuries. [4]

Engine is placed at front left. Passengers are placed in the centerline in a back-to-back fashion, each facing a firing port.The Kestrel has high power-to-weight ratio for mountainous terrain and is powered by a 600 hp turbocharged diesel engine. The vehicle is fully amphibious, propelled by two waterjets. [16] It can reach up to 100 km/h. [3]

The vehicle has been designed to provide protection against land mines. It ranges from Stanag 4569 Level I to Level IV [4] with the hull being designed with protection up to Stanag Level III. [17] The hull configuration evolved follows a 'V’-type bottom with double configuration consisting of an inner panel and bottom panel. The bottom panel is designed to deflect the blast energy and get deformed to minimize the blast effects. [1]

Snap-on modules are used in the Kestrel in order to easily configure it according to needed roles in the field. [17]

The vehicle has been fitted with INS and GPS as its primary navigation equipment and is also fitted with Modular (UHF, VHF, HF) communication systems. [18]

Weapons

The Kestrel has been unveiled in 2 weapon configurations which were shown in DefExpo 2014 and DefExpo 2016 respectively.

In 2014, the WhAP was showcased equipped with a roof-mounted remote controlled Kongsberg Protector MCT-30R (RWS), which is outfitted with a 30×113 mm autocannon and 7.62×51 mm coaxial machine gun. The autocannon has an effective range of 3,000 m. [19] [20] The RCWS adds a 40 mm automatic grenade launcher and has an option for adding up to two anti-tank guided missile launcher in quick fire mode. So, the vehicle is capable of countering enemy infantry, light armoured vehicles even main battle tanks. [21]

In DefExpo 2016, a Kestrel was seen outfitted with the BMP-2 turret. The turret includes a 30 mm 2A42 autocannon and 7.62 mm PKT coaxial machine gun (2,000 rounds) mounted to the left of the cannon. The version is also fitted with an ATGM launcher. [22]

Variant

Planned variants include ambulance, NBC recon, Command Post and engineer vehicle. [4]

Similar development

During a Defence Exhibition held at Pune on 24 February 2024, Mahindra Defence unveiled a 2nd generation Amphibious 8×8 CBRN variant of WhAP (Wheeled Armoured Platform) developed with DRDO. As of August 2024, the vehicle is undergoing trials with the Army on various terrains. The design is compact includes a 600 hp diesel engine and enhanced armour. It implements a STANAG II level protection from blast as well. The crew configuration is 3+8. While the TATA variant employs a 30 mm turret, this variant is fitted with 7.62 mm calibre remote controlled machine guns. It has a maximum speed of 95km/hr on road, 35 km/hr off road and 8 km/hr in water (using hydrojets). It has a range of 500 km and power-to-weight ratio of 24 hp/tonne. [23] [24] [25]

Operators

Flag of India.svg  India

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Infantry fighting vehicle</span> Type of armored personnel carrier with direct-fire support

An infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), also known as a mechanized infantry combat vehicle (MICV), is a type of armoured fighting vehicle used to carry infantry into battle and provide direct-fire support. The 1990 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe defines an infantry fighting vehicle as "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped primarily to transport a combat infantry squad, and which is armed with an integral or organic cannon of at least 20 millimeters calibre and sometimes an antitank missile launcher". IFVs often serve both as the principal weapons system and as the mode of transport for a mechanized infantry unit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BMP-3</span> Infantry fighting vehicle

The BMP-3 is a Soviet and Russian infantry fighting vehicle, successor to the BMP-1 and BMP-2. The abbreviation BMP stands for Boevaya Mashina Pekhoty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BMP-2</span> Soviet infantry fighting vehicle

The BMP-2 is an amphibious infantry fighting vehicle introduced in the 1980s in the Soviet Union, following on from the BMP-1 of the 1960s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patria AMV</span> Finnish wheeled armoured personnel carrier

The Patria AMV is an 8×8 multi-role military vehicle produced by the Finnish defence industry company Patria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VBCI</span> French wheeled infantry fighting vehicle

The véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie or VBCI is a French Infantry fighting vehicle designed and manufactured by GIAT Industries and Renault Trucks Defense to replace the AMX-10P. The first units entered active service with the French Army in 2008. 630 units were ordered and full delivery was completed in 2018. They are available in two core variants, the VCI infantry fighting vehicle and the VPC command post vehicle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FNSS ACV-15</span> Infantry fighting vehicle

ACV-15 is the designation of an amphibious Infantry fighting vehicle family developed by the Turkish defense company FNSS Savunma Sistemleri A.Ş. This vehicle is also manufactured by DRB-HICOM Defence Technologies (DefTech). The design is an attempt to combine the capabilities of an infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) and an armoured personnel carrier (APC). The ACV-15 is based on the American Advanced Infantry Fighting Vehicle, which in turn is based on the American M113A1 armored personnel carrier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WZ-551</span> Armoured fighting vehicle

The WZ-551 is a Chinese wheeled infantry fighting vehicle family. The name WZ-551 actually covers two families of vehicles with the official designations in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) – Type 90 and Type 92. Over 3,000 WZ-551s are in service with the PLA, where they are used by medium mechanized infantry units.

Vehicle Research and Development Establishment (VRDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO) located at Vahannagar near Ahmednagar. Its primary function is research and development of various light tracked, wheeled and specialised vehicles for defence applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abhay IFV</span> Indian Infantry Combat Vehicle

Abhay was an Infantry Combat Vehicle created under a tech-demonstration program started in India by the Defence Research and Development Organisation or DRDO. As its first IFV project, Abhay was designed to provide experience in the construction of AFV components to DRDO, serve as a replacement to India's vast BMP fleet used in its Mechanised Infantry Regiments, and serve as a test bed for weapons and systems to be used on future vehicles, as well as to be a reference for the designs of future vehicles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DRDO light tank</span>

The DRDO light tank is a tracked amphibious light tank developed in India by DRDO. It is based on the "Sarath" chassis, a licensed variant of the Soviet BMP infantry fighting vehicle. It was built by the Ordnance Factory Medak with a French GIAT TS-90 turret and 105 mm gun. This was an experimental vehicle, designed to carry high-caliber weapons without sacrificing mobility.

Otokar Arma is a 6x6 and 8x8 amphibious wheeled armored combat vehicle family designed and developed by Otokar. The vehicle is a modular multi-wheel configurable with a monocoque steel hull.

FNSS Savunma Sistemleri A.Ş. is a Turkish defense manufacturer founded in 1988. It is owned 51% by Nurol Holding of Turkey and 49% by British–American firm BAE Systems Inc., and operates facilities located in Gölbaşı, Ankara.

Ordnance Factory Medak (OFMK), previously called Ordnance Factory Project Medak (OFPM) while in its development stage, is a factory owned by Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited, a company that manufactures armoured vehicles and was one of the 41 Indian ordnance factories under the erstwhile Ordnance Factories Board of the Ministry of Defence, controlled by Government of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freccia IFV</span> Italian wheeled infantry fighting vehicle

The VBM – Freccia is a family of 8x8 armoured vehicles that was designed and manufactured for the Italian Army by IVECO for the hull, the engine and the suspension, and OTO Melara for the armament. The first variant to be developed was the IFV, the Freccia being equipped with a Hitfist turret, the same as the one installed on the Dardo IFV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Type 08</span> Chinese wheeled armoured fighting vehicle family

The Type 08 is a Chinese family of modern eight-wheeled, amphibious, modular armored vehicles developed by Norinco for infantry fire support, battlefield logistics, and quick reaction operations. Developed in the early 2000s, the vehicle family were produced for more than 6,000 hulls and widely deployed by the People's Liberation Army Ground Force and People's Liberation Army Marine Corps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VPK-7829 Bumerang</span> Russian amphibious armoured personnel carrier

The VPK-7829 Bumerang is a modular amphibious wheeled infantry fighting vehicle and armored personnel carrier being developed by Russian Military Industrial Company (MIC) for the Russian army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atom (infantry fighting vehicle)</span> Infantry fighting vehicle

The ATOM is a heavy 8×8 infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) jointly developed by the Russian company Petrel and the French company Renault Trucks. The vehicle is established on the basis of the French Véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie (VBCI) IFV which is produced by Renault. The prototype of the ATOM was first unveiled during the 2013 Russian Arms Expo at Nizhny Tagil, equipped with a unique fighting module.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DefTech AV8</span> Malaysian armoured combat vehicle

The DefTech AV8Gempita (Thunder) is an amphibious multirole armoured vehicle developed by Malaysian defence company DefTech with the assistance of Turkey defence company FNSS. The Gempita resembles some of the Turkey FNSS Pars design and technology. The vehicle has a modular design which allows the fitting of different turrets, weapons, sensors, and communications systems on the same vehicle.

References

  1. 1 2 3 DRDO, Technology Focus. "WHAP SPECIFICATIONS" (PDF).
  2. Ghoshal, Adreesh (10 September 2020). "The Tata Kestrel- All You need To Know". Medium. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  3. 1 2 "The Indian army test-drives Kestrel".
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Kestrel 8x8 amphibious armoured vehicle platform technical data sheet specifications pictures video | India Indian army wheeled armoured vehicle UK | India Indian army military equipment vehicle UK".
  5. "Army Wants 200 Wheeled Armoured Vehicles For Pak Border". Live Fist Defence. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  6. "Kestrel 8x8 Wheeled Armored Amphibious Platform (WHAP)". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  7. "Indigenously developed specialist vehicles inducted into Army by Gen Naravane". ThePrint. 12 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  8. Bureau, The Hindu (12 April 2022). "Tata firm hands over indigenously developed infantry vehicles to Army Chief". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 12 April 2022.{{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  9. PTI (12 April 2022). "TASL delivers first lot of wheeled armoured combat-ready vehicles to Indian Army". ThePrint. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  10. "ARMY CHIEF INDUCTS INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED SPECIALIST VEHICLES INTO SERVICE". Press Information Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  11. 1 2 "CRPF inducts advanced WhAP vehicles in Kashmir Valley". The Economic Times. 26 August 2023. ISSN   0013-0389 . Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "CRPF inducts hi-tech WhAP armoured vehicle in Kashmir". Hindustan Times . 22 August 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  13. "Exclusive: Tata Advanced Systems likely to bag 100 wheeler armor vehicle platform order from Indian Army, say sources". Zee Business. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  14. 1 2 Singh, Mayank (5 July 2024). "Infantry combat vehicle bidding process reaches advanced stage". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  15. "Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP) | Defence Research and Development Organisation - DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Government of India". www.drdo.gov.in. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  16. "Kestrel Armored Personnel Carrier". military-today.com. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  17. 1 2 "Tata Kestrel: An armoured, 8×8, amphibious carrier".
  18. "Kestrel Wheeled Armored Amphibious Platform" (PDF). Tata Motors Limited: 4.
  19. "Kongsberg PROTECTOR MCT-30R turret solution on TATA Motors Kestrel 8x8 armoured vehicle". Army Recognition. 17 February 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. Biswas, Kunal [@Kunal_Biswas707] (10 December 2020). "Here's #Kongsberg PROTECTOR MCT-30R turret on our very own #Indian #TATAKESTREL 8x8 WhAP, KESTREL was already tested with other turret also, Such RCWS can..." (Tweet). Retrieved 19 August 2024 via Twitter.
  21. "TATA Motors Kestrel - 8x8 Amphibious Armored Fighting Vehicle". militaryfactory.com. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  22. "New WhAP Wheeled Amphibious Platform 8x8 armoured at DefExpo 2018 | DefExpo 2018 India News Show Daily | Defence security military exhibition 2018 daily news category". Army Recognition. 11 April 2018.
  23. "DRDO WhAP Gen 1 & 2 vs USA Stryker". Indian Defense Analysis. 25 February 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  24. "DRDO, Mahindra Defence showcase advanced Wheeled Armoured Platform". inkl. 25 February 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  25. Mahindra, Anand [@anandmahindra] (14 August 2024). "Immensely proud that, side-by-side with DRDO, Mahindra Defence has helped developed & build a world class product. A Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) variant of the Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP) Amphibious ops capabilities with compact design..." (Tweet). Retrieved 16 August 2024 via Twitter.
  26. 1 2 "Tata-DRDO WhAP (Wheeled Armour Platform)". Indian Defense Analysis. 13 January 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  27. office_zzam (30 March 2022). "Indian police first to receive Tata Kestrel WhAP 8x8 armoured vehicles". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 15 September 2024.