The tripartite motif family (TRIM) is a protein family. [1]
Many TRIM proteins are induced by interferons, which are important component of resistance to pathogens and several TRIM proteins are known to be required for the restriction of infection by lentiviruses. TRIM proteins are involved in pathogen-recognition and by regulation of transcriptional pathways in host defence. [2]
The tripartite motif is always present at the N-terminus of the TRIM proteins. The TRIM motif includes the following three domains: [1]
The C-terminus of TRIM proteins contain either:
The TRIM family is split into two groups that differ in domain structure and genomic organization: [3]
Members of the family include:
Tripartite motif-containing protein 5 also known as RING finger protein 88 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM5 gene. The alpha isoform of this protein, TRIM5α, is a retrovirus restriction factor, which mediates a species-specific early block to retrovirus infection.
Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28), also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1β (TIF1β) and KAP1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM28 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21, also known as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM21 gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described but the full-length nature of only one has been determined. It is expressed in most human tissues.
MID1 is a protein that belongs to the Tripartite motif family (TRIM) and is also known as TRIM18. The MID1 gene is located on the short arm of the X chromosome and loss-of-function mutations in this gene are causative of the X-linked form of a rare developmental disease, Opitz G/BBB Syndrome.
Tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1α (TIF1α) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRIM24 gene.
Zinc finger protein RFP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM27 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 37 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase in humans that is encoded by the TRIM37 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM25 gene.
Midline-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MID2 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM32 gene. Since its discovery in 1995, TRIM32 has been shown to be implicated in a number of diverse biological pathways.
GTP-binding protein ARD-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM23 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing 22, also known as TRIM22, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TRIM22 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 31 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM31 gene.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, also known as (ectodermin homolog and tripartite motif-containing 33) is a protein encoded in the human by the gene TRIM33, a member of the tripartite motif family.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM3 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM16 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM9 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM6 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 11 is a protein found in humans that is encoded by the TRIM11 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM15 gene.
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