Tyrannomimus

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Tyrannomimus
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, Aptian
Tyrannomimus Skeletal.jpg
Diagram of known fossil material
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Ornithomimosauria
Family: Deinocheiridae
Genus: Tyrannomimus
Hattori et al., 2023
Species:
T. fukuiensis
Binomial name
Tyrannomimus fukuiensis
Hattori et al., 2023

Tyrannomimus (meaning "tyrant mimic") is an extinct genus of ornithomimosaurian theropod dinosaurs from the Kitadani Formation of Japan. The type species is Tyrannomimus fukuiensis. [1]

Contents

Discovery and naming

Life restoration Tyrannomimus.png
Life restoration

Tyrannomimus is based on the holotype FPDM-V-11311, a partial postrcranial skeleton. Multiple referred specimens are also known.

They were named as a new genus and species of ornithomimosaur in 2023. The generic name, "Tyrannomimus", is a reference to its morphological similarities with tyrannosauroids, particularly the vertical ridge of the ilium previously believed to be a synapomorphy of that clade and shared with Aviatyrannis . The specific name, "fukuiensis", refers to Fukui Prefecture where the fossils were found. [1]

Classification

Tyrannomimus was entered in a phylogenetic analysis by Hattori et al. (2023) and placed within the family Deinocheiridae, as the sister taxon to Harpymimus . Their cladogram is shown below: [1]

Ornithomimosauria
Nqwebasaurus
Nqwebasaurus.jpg
Pelecanimimus
Pelecanimimus restoration.jpeg

Shenzhousaurus Shenzhousaurus.jpg

Beishanlong Beishanlong grandis.jpg

LH-02-01

Deinocheiridae

Tyrannomimus Tyrannomimus.png

Harpymimus Harpymimus steveoc (flipped).jpg

Garudimimus
Garudimimus Restoration.png
Deinocheirus
Deinocheirus Restoration.png
Paraxenisaurus
Paraxenisaurus normalensis as Deinocheirid.jpg
Ornithomimidae
Archaeornithomimus
Archaeornithomimus.png

Bissekty ornithomimid

Sinornithomimus
Sinornithomimus.jpg
Rativates
Rativates.png

Struthiomimus Struthiomimus BW.jpg

Gallimimus Gallimimus Steveoc86 (flipped).jpg

Anserimimus

Ornithomimus
"Ornithomimus" sp. by Tom Parker.png
Qiupalong
Qiupalong Restoration.png

Although it wasn't included in the dataset, Hattori et al. also consider Aviatyrannis to be a basal ornithomimosaur due to its similarities with Tyrannomimus. [1]

Paleoenvironment

Tyrannomimus lived alongside a diverse assemblage of animals, most of which are named after Fukui Prefecture. These include the sauropod Fukuititan , the ornithopods Fukuisaurus and Koshisaurus , and the theropods Fukuiraptor , Fukuivenator , and Fukuipteryx . [2] [3] [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Aviatyrannis</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Aviatyrannis is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur, possibly a tyrannosauroid, from the Oxfordian-Tithonian stages of the Late Jurassic found in Portugal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ornithomimosauria</span> Extinct clade of theropod dinosaurs

Ornithomimosauria are theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to the modern-day ostrich. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period of Laurasia, as well as Africa and possibly Australia. The group first appeared in the Early Cretaceous and persisted until the Late Cretaceous. Primitive members of the group include Nqwebasaurus, Pelecanimimus, Shenzhousaurus, Hexing and Deinocheirus, the arms of which reached 2.4 m (8 feet) in length. More advanced species, members of the family Ornithomimidae, include Gallimimus, Struthiomimus, and Ornithomimus. Some paleontologists, like Paul Sereno, consider the enigmatic alvarezsaurids to be close relatives of the ornithomimosaurs and place them together in the superfamily Ornithomimoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Therizinosauria</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Therizinosaurs were large herbivorous theropod dinosaurs whose fossils have been found across the Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous deposits in Europe, Asia and North America. Various features of the forelimbs, skull and pelvis unite these finds as both theropods and maniraptorans, making them relatives of birds. The name of the representative genus, Therizinosaurus, is derived from the Greek θερίζω and σαῦρος. The older representative, Segnosaurus, is derived from the Latin sēgnis ('slow') and the Greek σαῦρος.

<i>Fukuiraptor</i> Megaraptoran theropod dinosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous epoch

Fukuiraptor was a medium-sized megaraptoran theropod dinosaur of the Early Cretaceous epoch that lived in what is now Japan. Fukuiraptor is known from the Kitadani Formation and possibly also the Sebayashi Formation.

<i>Fukuisaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Fukuisaurus is a genus of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous in what is now Japan. The type species is F. tetoriensis, which was named and described in 2003.

<i>Pukyongosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Pukyongosaurus is a genus of titanosauriform dinosaur that lived in South Korea during the Early Cretaceous period. It may have been closely related to Euhelopus, and is known from a series of vertebrae in the neck and back. The characteristics that were originally used to distinguish this genus have been criticized as being either widespread or too poorly preserved to evaluate, rendering the genus an indeterminate nomen dubium among titanosauriforms. The 2022 study noted that Pukyongosaurus is probably a somphospondylan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum</span> Natural history museum in Fukui Prefecture, Japan

The Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, located in Katsuyama, Fukui, Japan, is one of the leading dinosaur museums in Asia that is renowned for its exhibits of fossil specimens of dinosaurs and paleontological research. It is sited in the Nagaoyama Park near the Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry that the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation of the Tetori Group is cropped out and a large number of dinosaur remains including Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis and Fukuisaurus tetoriensis are found and excavated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kitadani Formation</span>

The Kitadani Formation is a unit of Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rock which crops out near the city of Katsuyama in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, and it is the primary source of Cretaceous-aged non-marine vertebrate fossils in Japan. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, but it also preserves a diverse assemblage of plants, invertebrates, and other vertebrates. Most, if not all, of the fossil specimens collected from the Kitadani Formation are reposited at the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum.

<i>Fukuititan</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Fukuititan is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Early Cretaceous in what is now Japan. It is known from FPDM-V8468, the associated partial skeleton of a single individual, recovered from the Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry of the Tetori Group, at Katsuyama City. The type species, Fukuititan nipponensis, was described in 2010 by Japanese scientists Yoichi Azuma and Masateru Shibata of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. The discovery sheds light on Japanese titanosauriforms, which are poorly known in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Egg fossil</span> Fossilized remains of eggs laid by ancient animals

Egg fossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by ancient animals. As evidence of the physiological processes of an animal, egg fossils are considered a type of trace fossil. Under rare circumstances a fossil egg may preserve the remains of the once-developing embryo inside, in which case it also contains body fossils. A wide variety of different animal groups laid eggs that are now preserved in the fossil record beginning in the Paleozoic. Examples include invertebrates like ammonoids as well as vertebrates like fishes, possible amphibians, and reptiles. The latter group includes the many dinosaur eggs that have been recovered from Mesozoic strata. Since the organism responsible for laying any given egg fossil is frequently unknown, scientists classify eggs using a parallel system of taxonomy separate from but modeled after the Linnaean system. This "parataxonomy" is called veterovata.

<i>Koshisaurus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Koshisaurus is a monospecific genus of basal hadrosauroid from the Kitadani Formation in Japan. The discovery of the genus suggests that hadrosauroids had higher diversity along the eastern margin of Asia in the Early Cretaceous. "Koshi" means an old Japanese regional name including Fukui prefecture where fossils of the genus were discovered.

<i>Sirindhorna</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Sirindhorna is a genus of hadrosauroid ornithopod dinosaur from Early Cretaceous deposits of northeastern Thailand.

<i>Fukuivenator</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Fukuivenator is an extinct genus of maniraptoran theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Japan.

Nipponoolithus is an oogenus of fossil egg native to Japan. It is one of the smallest known dinosaur eggs, and was probably laid by some kind of non-avian maniraptor.

Plagioolithus is an oogenus of fossil egg. It is from the Early Cretaceous of Japan. It was probably laid by a bird, making it the oldest known fossil bird egg.

<i>Symmetrolestes</i> Extinct family of mammals

Symmetrolestes is an extinct genus of small spalacotheriid mammal from the Early Cretaceous period of Japan. The genus contains one species known as S. parvus, the type fossil is from fluvial deposits located in the Dinosaur Quarry in the Kitadani Formation, near the city of Katsuyama which lies alongside valley of the Sugiyamagawa River. It was described by Tsubamoto and Rougier in 2004 keeping the holotype at the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.

<i>Fukuipteryx</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Fukuipteryx is an extinct genus of basal avialan dinosaurs found in Early Cretaceous deposits from Japan's Kitadani Formation. It contains one species, Fukuipteryx prima.

<i>Overoraptor</i> Extinct genus of theropod dinosaurs

Overoraptor is an extinct genus of paravian theropod of uncertain affinities from the Late Cretaceous Huincul Formation of Argentinian Patagonia. The genus contains a single species, O. chimentoi, known from several bones of the hands, feet, and hips alongside some vertebrae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Hattori, S.; Shibata, M.; Kawabe, S.; Imai, T.; Nishi, H.; Azuma, Y. (2023). "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs". Scientific Reports. 13. 13842. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3 . PMC   10484975 .
  2. Azuma, Y.; Shibata, M. (2010). "Fukuititan nipponensis, a new titanosauriform sauropod from the Early Cretaceous Tetori Group of Fukui Prefecture, Japan". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (3): 454–462. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00268.x.
  3. Shibaba, Masateru; Azuma, Yoichi (2015). "New basal hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation, Fukui, central Japan" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3914 (4): 421–440. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3914.4.3. PMID   25661952.|
  4. Imai, T., Azuma, Y., Kawabe, S., Shibata, M., Miyata, K., Wang, M., & Zhou, Z. (2019). An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history of basal birds. Communications Biology, 2(1). doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0639-4