Ulughbegsaurus

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Ulughbegsaurus
Temporal range: Turonian, 92–90  Ma
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Ulughbegsaurus.webp
Holotype maxilla fragment
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Carcharodontosauria
Family: Carcharodontosauridae (?)
Genus: Ulughbegsaurus
Tanaka et al., 2021
Type species
Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis
Tanaka et al., 2021

Ulughbegsaurus (meaning "Ulugh Beg's lizard") is an extinct genus of carcharodontosaurian theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan. The type species is Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis.

Contents

Discovery and naming

The Ulughbegsaurus fossil material was discovered in the Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan in the 1980s. The holotype specimen, UzSGM 11-01-02, consists of a partial left maxilla. This specimen remained in the collection of the State Geological Museum of the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Geology and Mineral Resources, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, until 2019, when it was rediscovered. Two additional specimens have been referred to the genus, including CCMGE 600/12457, the jugal ramus of a left maxilla that was previously referred to the dromaeosaurid Itemirus , and ZIN PH 357/16, the posterior end of a right maxilla. [1]

Isolated teeth from the Bissekty Formation show similarities to carcharodontosaurians, suggesting they may belong to Ulughbegsaurus or possibly another genus of carcharodontosaurian. [1]

In 2021,Tanaka et al. described Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis as a new genus and species of theropod dinosaur, honouring the 15th century Timurid sultan and scientist Ulugh Beg and the country of its discovery. [1]

A partial Acrocanthosaurus -like posterior dorsal vertebra described in 2024 has also been found in the Bissekty Formation, which could belong to Ulughbegsaurus. [2]

Description

The body length of Ulughbegsaurus is estimated at 7.5–8 metres (25–26 ft) and its body mass at over 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb). [1]

Classification

Tanaka et al. ran two phylogenetic analyses using two different datasets to determine the relationships of Ulughbegsaurus. The first placed it in a polytomy including Neovenator and other megaraptorans, while the second placed it in a polytomy including other basal carcharodontosaurians; megaraptorans were instead recovered as members of the Tyrannosauroidea. Both analyses are shown below: [1]

A 2022 study suggested that the taxon was a nomen dubium due to lacking diagnostic features, and that it was plausible that the maxilla fragment originated from a dromaeosaurid instead. [3] However, these authors later commented that the discovery of a more complete theropod maxilla fragment from older Uzbekistani rocks, comparable to the Ulughbegsaurus holotype, confirmed that the genus is a valid carcharodontosaurian taxon, possibly within the Carcharodontosauridae. [2]


Paleoecology

Ulughbegsaurus coexisted in the Bissekty Formation environment with other carnivorous theropods, including the tyrannosauroid Timurlengia and the dromaeosaurid Itemirus . [1] [4]

Related Research Articles

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Bissektipelta is a genus of ankylosaurine thyreophoran dinosaurs that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. Bissektipelta is a monospecific genus, containing only the type species B. archibaldi.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eudromaeosauria</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

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<i>Timurlengia</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Timurlengia is an extinct genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur found in Uzbekistan, in the Bissekty Formation in the Kyzylkum Desert, hailing from the Turonian age of the early Late Cretaceous. The type species is Timurlengia euotica.

<i>Murusraptor</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

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<i>Dzharatitanis</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Dzharatitanis is a genus of sauropod from the Bissekty Formation in Uzbekistan, dating to the Turonian age of the Late Cretaceous. The genus contains a single species, Dzharatitanis kingi, named after geologist Christopher King, who contributed to the Cretaceous geology of Asia. It is currently one of two known sauropods from the Bissekty Formation, alongside an indeterminate titanosaur. In its original publication it was considered to be a member of Rebbachisauridae, but later papers considered it to be a titanosaur.

<i>Kansaignathus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Kansaignathus is an extinct genus of dromaeosaurid theropod from the Late Cretaceous Yalovach Formation of Tajikistan. The genus contains only one species, the type species, K. sogdianus. The generic name of Kansaignathus comes from near the town of Konsoy where it was discovered and the Greek word "gnathos" meaning "jaw". The specific epithet "sogdianus" is derived from the historical region of Sogdiana, which was an ancient name for the Fergana Valley region where the fossil was discovered. Kansaignathus is known from a single right dentary bone and a few post-cranial bone fragments. It was the first, and so far the only, dinosaur from Tajikistan to be described and named.

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<i>Paralitherizinosaurus</i> Genus of therizinosaurid dinosaurs

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tanaka K, Anvarov OU, Zelenitsky DK, Ahmedshaev AS, Kobayashi Y (2021). "A new carcharodontosaurian theropod dinosaur occupies apex predator niche in the early Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (9): Article ID 210923. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810923T. doi: 10.1098/rsos.210923 . PMC   8424376 . PMID   34527277.
  2. 1 2 Averianov, Alexander O.; Sues, Hans-Dieter (2024-11-06). "New evidence for the presence of carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan". Historical Biology : 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2423675. ISSN   0891-2963.
  3. Sues, Hans-Dieter; Averianov, Alexander; Britt, Brooks B. (2022-12-22). "A giant dromaeosaurid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan and the status of Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis". Geological Magazine. 160 (2): 355–360. doi:10.1017/S0016756822000954. ISSN   0016-7568.
  4. Black, Riley. "New, Giant Carnivorous Dinosaur Was a Terror to Smaller Tyrannosaurs". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2021-09-08.