Siamraptor Temporal range: Aptian ~ | |
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Skeletal reconstruction and size comparison of Siamraptor suwati | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Dinosauria |
Clade: | Saurischia |
Clade: | Theropoda |
Clade: | † Allosauria |
Clade: | † Carcharodontosauria |
Genus: | † Siamraptor Chokchaloemwong et al., 2019 |
Species: | †S. suwati |
Binomial name | |
†Siamraptor suwati Chokchaloemwong et al., 2019 | |
Siamraptor is an extinct genus of carcharodontosaurian dinosaur, containing the single species S. suwati, known from the Khok Kruat Formation of Thailand. It is possibly the first definitive named carcharodontosaurian species known from Southeast Asia. [1] [2] However a later 2024 study found it to be an early tetanuran outside of the group Orionides, [3] although the describers of Alpkarakush still found it within the Carcharodontosauria the same year. [4]
Between 2007 and 2009, the Japan-Thailand Dinosaur Project carried out excavations at the village of Saphan Hin, subdistrict Suranaree, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District, in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The finds included bones from a theropod new to science. [1]
In 2019, the type species Siamraptor suwati was named and described by Duangsuda Chokchaloemwon, Soki Hattori, Elena Cuesta, Pratueng Jintasakul, Masateru Shibata and Yoichi Azuma. The generic name is derived from "Siam", the former name of Thailand, and the Latin word raptor ("robber"). The specific name honours Suwat Liptapanlop, who supported the Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources. [1]
The holotype, NRRU-F01020008, was found in a layer of the Khok Kruat Formation dating from the Aptian. It consists of a rear right lower jaw including the surangular, prearticular and articular. Further material referred to S. suwati includes the isolated remains of at least three individuals, mostly consisting of skull and lower jaw fragments as well as a manual ungual, a series of three cervical vertebrae, two partial ischia, a caudal vertebra, two dorsal vertebral centra and a neural spine, a partial tibia and a left pedal phalanx. [1]
The describing authors indicated some distinguishing traits. These are autapomorphies, unique derived characters, relative to the Allosauroidea. The jugal bone has a lower edge that is straight instead of convex or undulating while the front branch is high, even under the eye socket. The surangular bone has a deep oval excavation to the rear of its bone shelf and four rear surangular foramina, while other theropods possess at most two. A long narrow groove runs along the suture between the surangular and the prearticular bone. The notch in the suture between the articular and prearticular is pierced by a foramen. The front neck vertebrae possess an additional pneumatic foramen excavating the parapophysis, the lower rib contact. The neck vertebrae and rear back vertebrae have paired small foramina in the base of the neural spine. [1]
Siamraptor has generally been recovered as a member of Carcharodontosauria. [1] In his 2024 review of theropod relationships, Cau recovered it as a tetanuran outside of the Orionides, as a close relative of Siamotyrannus . [3] Later the same year, the describers of Alpkarakush recovered Siamraptor as a carcharodontosaurian once again. [4]
In the description of the carcharodontosaurid Tameryraptor by Kellermann, Cuesta & Rauhut (2025), Siamoraptor was recovered in analyses as the sister taxa to the European carcharodontosaur Concavenator , both plotting either within Metriacanthosauridae or as early diverging carcharodontosaurians. The results of the phylogeny are presented below. [5]
Metriacanthosauridae |
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Carcharodontosauridae is a group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. In 1931, Ernst Stromer named Carcharodontosauridae as a family, which, in modern paleontology, indicates a clade within Carnosauria. Carcharodontosaurids include some of the largest land predators ever known: Giganotosaurus, Mapusaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, and Tyrannotitan all rivaled Tyrannosaurus in size. Estimates give a maximum weight of 8–10 metric tons for the largest carcharodontosaurids, while the smallest carcharodontosaurids were estimated to have weighed at least 500 kilograms (1,100 lb).
Allosauridae is an extinct family of medium to large bipedal, carnivorous allosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic. Allosauridae is a fairly old taxonomic group, having been first named by the American paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878.
Monolophosaurus is an extinct genus of tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shishugou Formation in what is now Xinjiang, China. It was named for the single crest on top of its skull. Monolophosaurus was a mid-sized theropod at about 5–5.5 metres (16–18 ft) long and weighed 475 kilograms (1,047 lb).
Siamotyrannus is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the early Cretaceous of Thailand.
Siamosaurus is a potentially dubious genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now known as China and Thailand during the Early Cretaceous period and is the first reported spinosaurid from Asia. It is confidently known only from tooth fossils; the first were found in the Sao Khua Formation, with more teeth later recovered from the younger Khok Kruat Formation. The only species Siamosaurus suteethorni, whose name honours Thai palaeontologist Varavudh Suteethorn, was formally described in 1986. In 2009, four teeth from China previously attributed to a pliosaur—under the species "Sinopliosaurus" fusuiensis—were identified as those of a spinosaurid, possibly Siamosaurus. It is yet to be determined if two partial spinosaurid skeletons from Thailand and an isolated tooth from Japan also belong to Siamosaurus.
Metriacanthosauridae is an extinct family of allosauroid theropod dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The family is split into two subgroups: Metriacanthosaurinae, which includes dinosaurs closely related to Metriacanthosaurus, and another group composed of the close relatives of Yangchuanosaurus. Metriacanthosaurids are considered carnosaurs, belonging to the Allosauroidea superfamily. The group includes species of large range in body size. Of their physical traits, most notable are their neural spines. The records of the group are mostly confined to Asia, though Metriacanthosaurus is known from Europe. Metriacanthosauridae is used as a senior synonym of Sinraptoridae.
Kelmayisaurus is an extinct genus of allosauroid theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was roughly 10–12 meters long and its name refers to the petroleum-producing city of Karamay in the Xinjiang province of western China near where it was found.
Eocarcharia is a genus of allosauroid theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation that lived in the Sahara 112 million years ago, in what today is the country of Niger. It was discovered in 2000 on an expedition led by University of Chicago paleontologist Paul Sereno. The type and only species is Eocarcharia dinops. Its teeth were shaped like blades and were used for disabling live prey and ripping apart body parts. Eocarcharia's brow is swollen into a massive band of bone, giving it a menacing glare. It may have reached lengths of 6–8 m (19.7–26.2 ft).
Shaochilong is an extinct genus of tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Miaogou Formation of China, though a more restrictive suggestion from the Aptian to the Albian has been suggested based off faunal composition. It was originally described as a carcharodontosaurid, but other phylogenies have suggested a different position as a tyrannosauroid. The type species, S. maortuensis, was originally named Chilantaisaurus maortuensis, but was re-described and reclassified in 2009.
Megaraptora is a clade of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs with controversial relationships to other tetanuran theropods. Its derived members, the Megaraptoridae are noted for their large hand claws and powerfully-built forelimbs, which are usually reduced in size in other large theropods.
Concavenator is a genus of carcharodontosaurian dinosaur that lived in Spain during the Early Cretaceous epoch, about 125 million years ago. The genus contains a single species, Concavenator corcovatus named and described in 2010 from a nearly complete skeleton collected from Las Hoyas fossil site of La Huérguina Formation.
The Khok Kruat Formation is a rock formation found in northeastern Thailand. It is the uppermost formation of the Khorat Group. It is dated to the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous period, and is notable for its fossils of dinosaurs. It is equivalent to the Gres superieurs Formation of Laos. The group is a fluvial formation consisting primarily of red siltstones and sandstones.
Veterupristisaurus is an extinct genus of carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaur known from the Jurassic of Tendaguru, Lindi Region of southeastern Tanzania.
Suwat Liptapanlop is a Thai entrepreneur, politician and sports official based in Nakhon Ratchasima. He has held different cabinet posts in several governments since 1988, including deputy prime minister, and is the de facto leader of the Chart Pattana Party while his brother Tewan Liptapallop serves as its official leader.
Ichthyovenator is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now Laos, sometime between 120 and 113 million years ago, during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous period. It is known from fossils collected from the Grès supérieurs Formation of the Savannakhet Basin, the first of which were found in 2010, consisting of a partial skeleton without the skull or limbs. This specimen became the holotype of the new genus and species Ichthyovenator laosensis, and was described by palaeontologist Ronan Allain and colleagues in 2012. The generic name, meaning "fish hunter", refers to its assumed piscivorous lifestyle, while the specific name alludes to the country of Laos. In 2014, it was announced that more remains from the dig site had been recovered; these fossils included teeth, more vertebrae (backbones) and a pubic bone from the same individual.
Siats (/see-ats/) is an extinct genus of large theropod dinosaurs known from the Late Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, United States. The genus contains a single species, Siats meekerorum. It was initially classified as a megaraptoran, a clade of large theropods with controversial relationships. Alternative positions within the Neovenatoridae, Allosauroidea, and Tyrannosauroidea have also been proposed.
Datanglong is an extinct genus of tetanuran theropod of uncertain taxonomic placement. It existed during the Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Albian) in what is now southeastern China.
Sirindhorna is a genus of hadrosauroid ornithopod dinosaur from Early Cretaceous deposits of northeastern Thailand.
Asfaltovenator is a genus of possibly allosauroid dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. The type and only species is Asfaltovenator vialidadi.
Tameryraptor is an extinct genus of large carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Bahariya Formation of Egypt. The genus contains a single species, T. markgrafi, known from partial skull bones and vertebrae, and leg bones. The holotype specimen was discovered in 1914 and assigned to the related genus Carcharodontosaurus by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer. It was later destroyed in a bombing during the Second World War in 1944. A subsequent review of photographs of the fossil material allowed researchers in 2025 to recognize the material as belonging to a distinct taxon. Tameryraptor was one of the only African carcharodontosaurids found that preserved associated cranial and postcranial remains. It is a large theropod with a distinctive horn-like protuberance on its snout.
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)