 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(November 2019) |
| Victorian Railways NA class | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 NA locomotive 12A at Belgrave on the Puffing Billy Railway 2005. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| All data above from Speed Limit 20 Plus [4] : 13–14 unless otherwise marked. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Victorian Railways NA class is a 2-6-2 T built for their four 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge branch lines.
In the mid-1890s the Victorian Railways were considering construction of narrow gauge railways around the state in order to reduce construction costs. These were originally intended to be built to a gauge of 2 ft (610 mm), and quotations were obtained from an assortment of British locomotive engineering companies who advised delivery times of 11 to 18 months. Before construction had started the specification changed to 2 ft 6 in (762 mm), and the Baldwin Locomotive Works in the United States was awarded a tender for two engines to be supplied at a cost of £3,880 [1] supplied the first two 2-6-2 T s, as well as a range of spare parts. These two engines were numbered 1A and 2A and were both placed in service for construction of the Wangaratta to Whitfield line in the North East of Victoria in September 1898. [1] Correspondence originally referred to the engines as "Narrow Gauge A" class; this later changed to "NA", although with a few exceptions in the early preservation era this code was never reflected on the engines themselves. [1] The spare parts from the Baldwin Locomotive Works were used to construct locomotives 3A and 4A at Newport Workshops in 1900 for the Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook Line, with further examples of the class entering service up to the last, number 17A, in 1915. Engines 2 and 4 used Vauclain compound high- and low-pressure cylinders, while the rest of the class used simple expansion cylinders. [4] : 13–15
The engines brought with them the full range of Baldwin standard design features, including a fully-enclosed cab with side doors, sliding windows on the sides, hinged windows on the front, smaller windows at the rear above the coal bunker, and a roof ventillator; but the cabs were small enough that a different type of shovel was needed for the fireman, smaller than the usual type. [1] : 184–185
Above the boiler were dual sand domes either side of the central steam dome, pop-type safety valves. The boiler was fed by a pair of Sellers "Monitor" injectors, which drew from the side tanks. On the original engines the tanks had a capacity of 600 US gal (2,271.25 L ) total, but this was later increased to 780 US gal (2,952.62 L ). It is not clear whether 3A and 4A started with lower-capacity tanks or not. [1] : 185–186 [a]
The engines used outside bar frames with extended axles for the wheel cranks, Stephenson's valve gear between the frames, and for the Simple engines, actuated flat D valves above the cylinders actuated by rocker arms. To work around sharp curves the centre driving wheels were flangeless, and the five axles were grouped in two sets of compensated springs (leading two, rear three). The front and rear trucks had side movement controlled by a system of levers. Additionally, they had a roof ventilator, a horizontal throttle arm set up for right-hand-drive (the inverse of normal Victorian practice), and a hand reverse lever. They were fitted with large wooden cowcatchers at each end, extending some distance beyond the couplers. The extended smokeboxes featured horizontal-grid spark arrestors and high blast pipes. [4] : 13–15 [1] : 184–185
Engines 1A and 2A were delivered to Victoria in 1898 with Baldwin builders numbers 15936 and 15937 displayed on the sides of the smokebox. Engine 2A also featured plates on the cylinders indicating adoption of the Vauclain patent design. [4] : 13–14
Engines 1A and 2A were built for and delivered to the Wangaratta to Whitfield railway, being used on construction trains from 1 September 1898. [4] : 14 The following engines 3A and 4A were built at Newport Workshops in 1900 for use on the Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook line, with their construction using parts provided by Baldwin as spares for the earlier two locomotives. These engines were copies of 1A and 2A respectively, except that they featured higher water tanks for increased capacity and large oil lamps at each end for night running; both these features became standard elements for the class later on. [4] : 14
Engines 5A to 17A were built at Newport Workshops over the following sixteen years, with the final unit entering service on 4 April 1916. Each of these engines were identical to 3A, [4] : 14 which had been built with a 180psi boiler, and in 1915 engine 1A was certified to operate at the higher pressure. [3] : 2 The Newport-built locomotives all had cabside builders plates.
In 1920 parts were made for two more NAs — 18A and 19A — but due to a downturn in traffic the order was cancelled, and the parts were used as spares on the other NAs. By the mid-1920s these small locomotives were not able to handle the increasing traffic, and two G class Garratt locomotives were purchased to supplement the fleet on the heavily patronized Walhalla and Beech Forest Lines.
The locomotives weigh 36.58 long tons (37.17 t ; 40.97 short tons ) and produce a tractive effort of 12,170 lbf (54.1 kN), allowing them to haul loads of 90 long tons (91 t; 100 short tons) up grades of 1 in 30 (3.33%). Numbers 6A, 7A, 8A, 12A, and 14A have been restored and operate on the Puffing Billy Railway, and No. 3 is also on the Puffing Billy Railway, currently plinthed in a dismantled state in the Lakeside Discovery Centre. The remaining locomotives have all been scrapped.
Cave et al claims that engine 2A was later converted from the Vauclain compound system to a simple expansion cylinder arrangement, but there is no evidence to back up the claim. [1] : 184 The other Victorian compound engines, the broad gauge V class, were converted.
Following 1A and 2A, engines 3-5 (and possibly 6 [4] : 16 ) had large wooden cowcatchers fitted, which were replaced with shorter steel pilots each end around 1904. [1] : 185 In late 2024 6A was restored to service with a wooden cowcatcher similar in style to the originals, but retaining its automatic couplers; an extension block was fitted between the frame and the coupler to give sufficient clearance to adjacent vehicles. [5] [6] [ better source needed ]
Cave et al (2002) says that engines 1A and 3A were delivered with the air compressor pumps fitted ahead of the driver-side tank, while 2A and 4A to 17A had these on the fireman-side tank, with 1A and 3A later modified to match. [1] : 185 Speed Limit 20 Plus (2017) says that 1A had the air pump fitted inside the fireman's side of the cab, but this was later moved to the front of the fireman-side tank and that position was made standard on later engines. [4] : 16 Additionally, there is an early photo of engine 3A with the air pump on either side of the front of the tanks; the consensus is that the photo was mirror-flipped and that the correct position was always the fireman-side, not the driver-side tank. [7] [8]
The weight distribution of 1A was originally of concern to the Victorian Railways, with only 2.55 long tons (2.59 t; 2.86 short tons) on the leading axle; the weight was later redistributed to 3.75 long tons (3.81 t; 4.20 short tons). [1] : 184 The locomotive history card for engine 2A shows alternate leading axle box sizes of 4 in × 6.5 in (102 mm × 165 mm) compared to the rest of the class, which featured 4 in × 7 in (102 mm × 178 mm) journals for both the leading and trailing axles. [3] : 3
The first seven engines were not fitted with speed recorders until an accident on the Gembrook line on 28 January 1906 which was caused by overspeed, and resulted in 40 passenger injuries. [9] The initial solution was fitting of speed recorders on the running boards, but eventually Flaman-type speed recorders were provided in the cabins. [4] : 16
On entry to service the earliest engines had a toolbox provided under the smokebox door, [4] : 59 but this was later moved to the front of the driver's side cylinder. The original design had the smokebox door secured by a series of clamps, with ports either side of the smokebox used for cleaning the spark arrestor grids. However, recommendations from the Royal Commission on Locomotive Spark Arrestors in 1902 led to the provision of the two-handle screw dart system for the smokebox door in lieu of the side ports; and an ash chute was provided later to protect the exposed leading bogie axle during smokebox emptying. [1] : 184–185
In 1923 8A was fitted with a then-experimental new exhaust system, with the external difference being a new, tapered stovepipe style chimney. [4] : 16 This modification proved successful, though not particularly valuable on smaller engines, and proved a useful lesson in advance of the 1930s program to fit Modified Front Ends to the Victorian Railways' broad gauge fleet of mainline steam locomotives.[ citation needed ] 9A and 12A were also fitted with new chimneys, in 1947 and 1948 respectively, but this was not correlated with internal design alterations. [4] : 16 6A was fitted with a similar system in preservation, but without external changes to preserve its outward heritage appearance. The equipment was fitted between 2001 and 2017, then moved over to 14A as detailed below.
The two Garratt locomotives introduced in 1926 generally provided about twice the haulage power of the NA engines, and ha to be fitted with stronger automatic M.C.B. couplers in lieu of chopper couplers, so the rolling stock had to be upgraded to suit. [1] : 185 This was around the same time that the goods fleet codes were simplified, e.g. NMM to NM for cattle wagons. The two Baldwin engines were not fitted with the upgraded couplers. [4] : 16 Removal of the chopper couplers made double-heading of NA locomotives viable, and a trial was run in 1937 on the Walhalla line with the steel cowcatchers removed for clearance. When this trial was deemed successful double-heading was permitted as a rule, though initially restricted to engines 9A, 12A and 17A until the other engines were modified. [4] : 119
Finally, all remaining members of the class had their pilots removed from both ends and replaced with guard irons, to enable double-heading of trains on the Beech Forest and Walhalla lines. [4] : 16
Locomotives 1A and 2A were most likely delivered in Light Ivy Green and Gold, to Baldwin Style 292. [4] : 16 The first four Newport engines would have been painted in Victorian Railways' standard two-tone Brunswick Green with black and white lining, then 7A was the first to enter service painted in the new Canadian Red and Brown livery with white lining. This scheme was simplified over time to an unlined deep red, and from 1921 all Victorian Railways engines were painted all-over black. [4] : 16
In the early 1950s a number of steam engines around the state started to pick up red lining, buffer beams, handrails and other elements as engine crews and maintenance staff saw fit, and by the time of the final Young Sun specials in 1958 both 6A and 7A had been given red buffer beams, handrails above the tanks and a red strip along the running boards. 7A additionally featured straw lining around the cabside windows and doorways. The engines remained in this condition while stored at Newport Workshops. Notably, these changes were made separately rather than as a defined plan; a photo of 7A circa 1957 shows the straw lining, red buffer beam, number plate and headlight surround, but no lining of the running boards. [10] : 34–35, 115 On return to Belgrave in 1962 and refurbishment 7A had lost its red-painted headlight, red-relief, brass serif number plates, and the straw lining was removed by 1964. [10] : 102
After engines 1A and 2A entered service on the Whitfield line, and 3A and 4A on the Gembrook line, the next pair to enter service were 5A and 6A on the Beech Forest line. [4] : 76 2A is thought to have operated the first train to Whitfield, and 4A was known to have worked the first Gembrook line train. [11] : 3, 41
This deployment of engines 1-6A remained until July 1901. [12] By February 1902, 3A had moved from the Gembrook line to the Beech Forest line, and 5A from Beech Forest to Gembrook by the end of that year. Construction of the Walhalla line started in May 1904, and by February 1905 engine 1A had been moved from Wangaratta to Moe to assist with construction work; [4] : 105 7A then entered service at Wangaratta in its place.
However, the Walhalla line was slow to proceed due to limitations on available funding and complexity of terrain, [4] : 105 so by January 1906 1A had left Moe for Colac. A month later, 3A was cascaded from Colac to Upper Ferntree Gully, then in April 4A was shifted from Upper Ferntree Gully to Wangaratta. [12]
1A was returned to Moe for construction trains in November 1907, and joined by 4A from Wangaratta in May 1909, and 9A newly built in January 1910 as the only engine to enter service there. 10A began operation on the line from Colac around the same time the extension from Beech Forest to Crowes opened, followed by 12A, 13A, 14A and 16A, while 11A, 15A and 17A started at Upper Ferntree Gully. [12]
Immediately before the Garratt locomotives entered service, Compound engines 2A and 4A were based at Whitfield, 1A, 6A, 7A, 8A and 11A were allocated to Upper Ferntree Gully, 5A, 9A, 14A, 16A and 17A were at Colac and 10A, 12A, 13A and 15A were at Moe. It is not clear where 3A was. [12]
G41 was introduced at Colac in June 1926, followed by 16A and 17A both departing. When G42 started operating at Moe in July 1926, 13A was transferred from Moe to Whitfield as the third engine on that line. [12] 1A was transferred from Upper Ferntree Gully to Newport Workshops in March 1929, followed by 2A from Wangaratta shortly thereafter, and both engines were scrapped. These were followed in 1933 by 10A and 16A from Upper Ferntree Gully, and 4A from Wangaratta. 16A would see a brief revival at Moe in November 1935 before it and 4A were scrapped in 1936, [12] though 10A remained at Newport until being broken up in 1945. [3] : 23 The cab of 16A was recycled on engine 5A, resulting in that unit showing incorrect cabside builders plates for the rest of its operating life. [4] : 16
Even with G41 and G42 in service the NAs were still the backbone of the VR Narrow Gauge Lines right up until the 1950s, when the lines saw reduced traffic and the demand for rail services reduced. 17A was withdrawn from Moe in 1950, followed by 9A (Moe), 11A (Colac) and 15A (Wangaratta) in 1953, 8A (Upper Ferntree Gully), 12A (Moe) and 13A (Wangaratta) in 1954, and 3A from Upper Ferntree Gully in 1955. 5A was withdrawn from Colac at the end of 1957, and 6A and 7A were retired following closure of the Upper Ferntree Gully to Belgrave (formerly Gembrook) line at the end of 1957 for conversion to broad gauge. Those two engines were stored at Newport Workshops, finally being joined by 14A from Colac in April 1962 and the two Garratts in July the same year. [12]
Engine 8A had been the last to run the full length of the Gembrook line, returning prior to the landslide between Belgrave and Menzies Creek that resulted in the initial closure of the line. The same engine was used on a works train later that month to visit the site of the landslide and assess options, but the Victorian Railways chose not to repair the track. The engine was condemned and stored at Upper Ferntree Gully on 1 September 1954, then in January 1955 it, along with some passenger and all goods stock, was moved from there to Newport Workshops. [9] Later in 1955 the engine was donated as playground equipment to Beaumaris, Victoria, followed by 3A to Portsea, Victoria in 1960. As of April 1962, engines 6A, 7A, 12A and 14A were all stored at Newport Workshops. [4] : 105
Over the course of the engines' operating lives under the Victorian Railways, the engines were shifted around in a cascading system to put each through the Workshops on an as-needed basis. However, not every locomotive would run on each of the four narrow gauge lines. For example, 2A only ever ran on the Whitfield line, while 5A, 8A-11A, 16A-17A never did, and 4A never ran on the Beech Forest and Crowes line. [b] A number of engines only spent brief periods on one or more lines, covering for other locomotives undergoing maintenance or periods of high traffic, e.g. around public holidays; for instance 11A was only on the Moe line briefly around January 1941. Of the six engines that still survive today, 14A spent only a fraction of its career on the Gembrook line (about 5%, with 70% on the Crowes line, and roughly 10% each on the Walhalla and Whitfield lines), while 8A worked on the Gembrook line for over 80% of its service life with the Victorian Railways (the balance split across Crowes and Walhalla). All six preserved locomotives (along with 13A) were based at Colac in October 1914; 3A left for Moe in December 1914, but the other five remained until June 1915. [12] [c]
| Engine | Builder's No. | Entered service | Withdrawn | Scrapped | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15937 | 1 September 1898 | 11 February 1929 | 4 March 1929 | Entered service on Whitfield line; withdrawn from Walhalla line |
| 2 | 15938 | 1 September 1898 | 11 February 1929 | 4 March 1929 | Entered service on Whitfield line, never operated on any other line. |
| 3 | 4 June 1900 | 29 November 1955 | Entered service on Gembrook line | ||
| 4 | 13 June 1900 | 1933 | 26 September 1936 | Entered service on Gembrook line; withdrawn from Whitfield line | |
| 5 | 23 March 1901 | 4 July 1958 | Entered service on Beech Forest line | ||
| 6 | 18 July 1901 | 1 October 1977 | Entered service on Beech Forest line; last engine of class to enter service painted Brunswick Green | ||
| 7 | 6 May 1905 | 1 October 1977 | First engine of class to enter service painted Canadian Red | ||
| 8 | 2 March 1908 | 28 January 1955 | |||
| 9 | 8 January 1910 | 15 April 1954 | |||
| 10 | 17 June 1911 | 18 May 1945 | |||
| 11 | 18 November 1911 | 19 October 1953 | |||
| 12 | 23 December 1912 | 1 October 1977 | |||
| 13 | 25 June 1914 | 5 September 1958 | |||
| 14 | 25 June 1914 | 1 October 1977 | |||
| 15 | 30 March 1915 | 5 May 1954 | |||
| 16 | 30 June 1915 | 1933 | 29 June 1936 | ||
| 17 | 4 April 1916 | 26 September 1953 | |||
| 18 | Never built | ||||
| 19 | Never built |
As of January 2021, the Puffing Billy Railway operates NA class locomotives 6A, 7A, 8A, 12A, and 14A. Puffing Billy Railway also have 3A which is awaiting restoration.
This engine was withdrawn from service at Upper Ferntree Gully in 1955 and written off in November that year, although it was still intact at Newport Workshops in 1960. [4] : 14 It was sold in 1960 to the Lord Mayor’s Camp at Portsea where it remained on static display until 1977 when it was brought to Belgrave for eventual restoration.
Currently located in Lakeside Discovery Centre on display.
6A arrived at the Puffing Billy Railway in June 1962, and was in use on regular service trains until January 1980, when it was withdrawn due to boiler problems. It returned to traffic on 13 December 1980 but was withdrawn again in September 1983 due to a condemned boiler and moved to the Menzies Creek Steam Museum for Storage on 30 November that year. In April 1988 it returned to Belgrave for axle box repairs, but the following month its boiler was removed and was put into storage at the rear of the running shed along with 12A.
In October 1997 restoration of 6A commenced, led by the workshop's leading hand fitter Ron Gunn. Restoration progressed until March 2001 when 14A's former all steel welded boiler was fitted into 6A's Frames. One of the modifications made under the direction of Nigel Day was the fitting of a new lempor exhaust system similar to L.D. Porta's design for South African Railways' Class 26 3450 the Red Devil. The system allows the exhaust steam to go through the funnel through four flues then up the funnel. A sleeve inside the funnel was also fitted for a quieter exhaust beat. These modifications made the engine extremely efficient, reliable and powerful. The locomotive was also painted in a more historically accurate VR Two Tone Green livery with removable hungry boards on the bunker, tapered steam dome, dummy ash ejectors on the smoke box, small builders plates, and double row of rivets on the water tanks.
From here on it became a high priority to have 6A available for the 2001/2002 Christmas holiday running period which was going to be the first time the Puffing Billy Railway required 4 locomotives to operate trains. On 17 December 2001, 6A moved under its own power for the first time in 18 years. After a couple of test trips over the following the 3 days 6A officially re-entered service on 22 December. Exactly a month later the Minister for Transport Peter Batchelor officially recommissioned 6A. It has been in regular operation ever since, mainly operating the Gembrook service. Between November 2016 and March 2019 6A was also used on Day out with Thomas Weekends at the New Location of Gembrook, alongside DH59 and 0-4-0 Peckett Sir John Grice in Thomas disguise.
In December 2017 the Lempor was removed and fitted to 14A. 6A was taken out of traffic in March 2019 for a D exam and Overhaul and as of January 2021 is awaiting new boiler tubes prior to reassembly. [13]
7A was the first engine to arrive at the railway in March 1962; it hauled the reopening train to Menzies Creek on 28 July that year, and Reopening to lakeside in October 1975. In 1979 7A was repainted two tone green. In the Mid 1990s it was turned to run bunker first towards Belgrave to equalize wear on the tires following a minor overhaul and repaint. On 18 December 2000 it hauled the special centenary recreation train to Gembrook and its return trip, celebrating 100 years since the opening of the Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook Railway. In June 2005 7A was turned again to equalize wear before returning to facing Gembrook just after its 100th Birthday in August 2005.
In April 2006 it was taken out of service for a full overhaul and repaint into a more historically accurate Canadian Pacific Red and Chocolate. It returned to traffic in December 2007. In May 2010 7A was sent by road to the Walhalla Goldfields Railway to celebrate the line's centenary. 7A is currently in regular traffic having been briefly stored for 9 months due to the COVID-19 pandemic, after which it hauled the reopening train on 28 November 2020.
8A was placed on a plinth in a children's playground in the suburb of Beaumaris near Sandringham in 1955. In 1970 the Puffing Billy Preservation Society purchased and removed the engine first to Newport Workshops, then to Emerald in 1976. The following year restoration of the engine began at Belgrave and was completed in 1982, becoming the backbone of the fleet for the following 20 years.
In 1987 the engine was the first NA to be turned on the newly installed turntable in Emerald to test out wheel wear with the locomotive facing towards Belgrave. In 1988 regular driver Ron Picking fitted a former VR N class five chime whistle to the top of the drivers side water tank. In October 1998 8A became the first NA along with 12A to venture to Gembrook since 2 August 1953 hauling a public shakedown special.
In May 2002 8A was withdrawn from service and given a thorough overhaul, returning to service in October 2006. In June 2019 8A was quickly taken out of service due to issues with the main steam delivery pipes; these were found to have expired and since the railway was experiencing a loco shortage new external steam delivery pipes were fitted instead as a temporary measure. The locomotive is currently in regular traffic.
12A returned to service after an overhaul at Newport in 1973, and was in regular service supplementing the other trafficable NAs at the time. In 1981 12A was used in the ABC television series Come Midnight Monday, where it was named Wombat. In 1982, it was totally worn out and withdrawn from traffic.
In 1985 it was placed in storage at the rear of the workshop headshunt in a dismantled state along with 6A until 1990 when it was moved into the workshop for restoration and overhaul. It returned to service in March 1993 in all-over black livery. In 1998 12A joined 8A with the first passenger train to Gembrook in early october, and then the first regular Gembrook Service on Monday 19 October. In June 2004, 12A was dirtied up for a special 1950s style Mixed train to Gembrook.
After a D exam it returned to traffic in March 2005 in Black with red bufferbeams and running boards to commemorate 50 years of the Puffing Billy Preservation Society. In early October 2005, once the celebrations were completed, 12A was taken out of service pending a major overhaul. In December that year it was placed in storage at the Menzies Creek Museum. 10 months later, in October 2006 it was moved under its own steam back to Belgrave, and then its overhaul finally commenced. In 2008, a group of apprentices painted the side tanks and cab of the locomotive Canadian Pacific Red and Chocolate. The overhaul was finally completed in 2013, with the loco returning to service in September of that year. As of January 2021 it is currently undergoing a D exam. [14]
14A arrived at the railway in 1965 after a repaint and repairs at Newport. In April 1974, it was taken for an unauthorised joyride to Selby at around midnight. It was intercepted by police and volunteers at Long Pockitt Lane. Later that same year 14A got fitted with electric headlights taken off ex-APC Fyansford Garrett No 2. Three years later on 1 October 1977, 14A along with 12A hauled the first train under the ownership of the Emerald Tourist Railway Board.[ citation needed ]
In 1979 14A was repainted in Canadian Pacific Red and Chocolate, a colour it bore into the early 1990s. [15] [ verification needed ] In 1988 the Electric Headlights from No 2 were removed and the engine was fitted with standard VR Headlights. In 1995 it was repainted in a more accurate version of the CP Red Colour Scheme, and in 1998 it hauled the first official train to Gembrook in 45 years on 18 October. During a D exam from April to December 2004, 14A was fitted with a cowcatcher on the front bufferbeam, something which it hadn't had since the early 1940s.[ citation needed ]
In May 2006 it was placed on standby duties to prolong its serviceable life as it was due for a heavy overhaul. In July 2008 it was taken out of traffic and given top priority for its overhaul, and it was returned to traffic in March 2009 in all over black livery with its front cowcatcher being removed. For the next few years it became the backbone of operations on the Puffing Billy Railway until April 2017 when it was placed out of service for a D exam; during this D exam 14A was selected to be the engine fitted with oil firing to allow it to operate on the Lakeside Gembrook section in summer. The locomotive also received the Lempor exhaust system out of 6A in November 2017 for better performance. In March 2018 it began running test trains and it was officially placed back in traffic on 18 October 2018. It is currently in traffic. [16]
A 10+1⁄4 in (260 mm) gauge replica of a NA class locomotive was built in 1993 for use on the Isle of Mull Railway. [17] The engine, named "Victoria", was built by the Mouse Boiler Works, using drawings provided by the Puffing Billy Railway. It operated on the Isle of Mull until the railway's closure in 2011, and is currently operating on the Rudyard Lake Steam Railway.
